Soviet na'ura. Cars "Moskvich", "Volga", "tsuntsun seagull", "Nasara"

Tarayyar Soviet a duniya da aka dauke da wani iko kasar. A Tarayyar Soviet, suka kai mai tsayi a kimiyya da kuma magani. A da Tarayyar Soviet lashe sarari tseren da kuma kaddamar da wani fasahar cewa ya juya dukan tarihin duniya a nan gaba. Shi ne da godiya ga mafi zukatan a cikin Tarayyar Soviet sa'an nan za su fara da sarari masana'antu. Tare da sarari fasaha, kimiyya da magani samo asali a cikin wani babban kasar, da kuma masana'antu na mota. Duk da haka, duk da gagarumin ci gaba a cikin mota masana'antu da Tarayyar Soviet wanzuwa da sauran duniya. Amma wannan ba ya nufin cewa Soviet inji - sharri. Get matsahi na saba da shahararrun wakilan da m mota masana'antu, wanda suna dauke bege litattafansu yau.

A haihuwa na cikin gida auto masana'antu

A shekara ta 1927, shugaban Tarayyar Soviet, Stalin bukaci cewa a lokacin farko na shekaru biyar lokaci - daga 1928 zuwa 1932 - a kasar sun ɓullo da wani karfi da kuma m mota masana'antu. A wancan lokaci, a kwatanta da kasashen Turai da kuma Amurka, da mota masana'antu a kasar ne a zahiri ba a nan, da kuma Tarayyar Soviet ya ba mai yin gasa na duniya automakers. Duk da haka, akwai fiye da miliyan 3 mutane a cikin ra'ayi na saurin ci gaban masana'antu da tsakiyar 1928, tsunduma a cikin yi da motoci.

Lokacin da na farko shekaru biyar shirin ƙare a cikin mota masana'antu aiki fiye da miliyan 6 mutane. Ta hanyar wannan shirin, Tarayyar Soviet kafa wani sabon zaman jama'a aji - yana aiki ga masana'antu na mota da kyau samun kudin shiga a wancan lokaci. Amma ko da yake halitta a babbar dama jobs da kuma tashe rayuwar for yawa a mota, sa'an nan kuma ya mai alatu. Soviet inji sayi kawai bayar da aiki aji. Wannan ne idan akai la'akari da cewa da mota ikon da 1932 ya kai game da 2.3 miliyan kofe.

Kim subcompact mota

Glavavtoprom a watan Agusta na shekara ta 1938 ta gabatar da su ci gaba da kuma fara samar da kananan motocin fasinja. Shirinsa na kafa mota taro shuka a cikin Moscow, halitta a cikin girmamawa ga CMM.

Ga ci gaban da mota dimbin yawa zane sashen a factory. Shiryar da aiwatar gwani NATI A. N. Ostrovtsev. A cikin zane da kuma bodywork kwararru Gaz aiki. Wannan ci gaban da aka sauri, a matsayin tushen yanke shawarar kai American Ford Perfect, unreleased a lokacin a Birtaniya. Solutions, wanda sun yi amfani da Hyundai injiniyoyi, sun daidai saba wa injiniyoyin daga Tarayyar Soviet - kasar riga samar da dama model na motoci bisa Ford A kuma AA. Ko da yake tushen da Turanci da kuma mota da aka dauka, jiki zane - gaba daya Soviet. Gaz masana yi aiki a kan ta. A cikin tsari, suka halitta biyu bambance-bambancen karatu - wani model tare da rufaffiyar jiki da kuma biyu ƙõfõfi, kuma an bude phaeton. Mene ne ban sha'awa, da mota da aka sanya a kan kayan aiki daga Amurka.

Domin samar da tsare-tsare to connect wani iri-iri na shuke-shuke na da Tarayyar Soviet. Saboda haka, ZISe ya yi da firam, marẽmari, forgings. Gas sanya asali sassan jiki da kuma simintin gyaran kafa. A babbar dama daban-daban da masana'antu da aka samar da wani taro shagon da abin da kuke bukatar - gilashi, tayoyin, kayan for upholstery, kazalika da duk wasu bayanai da suke a kan Kim yi kawai iya ba.

waje

A tsarin da aka kira Kim-10, da kuma a lokacin da shi wani babban mataki domin dukan mota masana'antu.

Bayyanar da mota juya a kira su da wani sabon da kuma sabo ne, sabanin sauran Soviet motoci. Jikin siffar da kuma sauran zane ne ba yawa daban-daban daga kasashen waje model. A jikin wannan mota ya sosai m ga ajalinsa.

Kaho, aka buɗe sama, kuma ya kada type. Don buɗe shi, da zanen halitta a muhimmin mutum. A gefe na kaho aka fairing da fitilolin mota. girman da kofofin akwai fadi da isa, da kara ba su juya vents. A gefe windows za a iya saukar da.

zane Features

Bugu da kari ga zamani ra'ayoyi a lokacin da ya halitta na da mota da kuma amfani da ƙarin ra'ayin mazan jiya mafita. Saboda haka, m da engine-bawul yana da wani sunadaran don su gyara. a haɗa sanda bearings babbitt. Thermosyphon sanyaya tsarin ne m, amma aka yi amfani da CMM-10. Har ila yau, tsakanin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da mafita - al'ada dakatar tsarin, inji birki. Fitilar jũya ne semaphore irin.

fasaha halaye

Wannan mota yana samuwa a cikin biyu jiki iri - mai kofa biyu sedan da wani chaise daga gefe. hudu fasinjoji da aka sanya a cikin mota.

Jikin tsawon aka 3960 mm, nisa - 1480 mm, tsawo na -1650 mm. Ground yarda - 210 mm. The man fetur tank iya shige 100 lita na man fetur.

A engine aka sanya a gaban wani longitudinally. Shi ne mai 4-Silinda carbureted hudu-bugun jini powerplant. Its girma ya 1170 cubic mita. cm. Engine ba 30 lita. wani. 4000 dubu. Rev. The mota ne guda biyu tare da wani uku-gudun manual watsa. Abin hawa yana a raya-dabaran drive, kuma ta man fetur amfani ne kawai game da 8 L da 100 km.

A tarihin wannan mota ƙare a 1941.

Gaz-13 "Chaika"

Bukatar wannan mota bayyana a cikin 50s. Saboda haka, a cikin Tarayyar Soviet shi ne ya haifar da wata na'ura-matakin misali, wanda zai zama daidai da fashion yayi na lokaci. Project zanen kaya sun ɓullo da gas da kuma Zisa da ZIL. Bugu da kari, da ZIL-111 ne m.

Haifar aiki Gaz kwararru ya gabatar wa jama'a a shekarar 1956. A serial samar da mota fara har bayan shekaru biyu, a cikin 59th. Fiye da shekaru 22 da ya yi wannan model, duk 3189 kofe aka samar. A almara zane na bayyana abin hawa aiki babban-sunan zanen Eremeev. A waje da na'ura za a iya gano fasali na American mota masana'antu.

Gaz-13 "Chaika" ya zama abin da ta daga bãya, ya tuna, ba nan da nan. Duk da yake aiki a jiki an halitta biyu zažužžukan. Daga samar model an bambanta da wutsiya fitilu, gaban matsayin fitilu, moldings da dabaran arches a cikin firam na windscreen.

fasaha halaye

Wannan mota yana da ban sha'awa girma. Layout - perednemotornaya da kuma raya-dabaran drive. Abin mamaki, har ma sai wannan mota da aka kafa uku-mataki hydro-inji watsa.

Akwai biyu motor - Gaz-13 da kuma Gaz-13E. Wannan takwas-Silinda V-dimbin yawa injuna 5.5 lita. Duk da haka, da farko naúrar aka lasafta a kan A-93 man fetur, da kuma na biyu a - A-100. Har ila yau, na biyu engine yana da mafi girma matsawa rabo da damar 215 HP A farko naúrar da damar 195 lita. wani. motor zane daban-daban bidi'a - wani aluminum Silinda kai da kuma bawuloli.

A engine aka sanye take da wani ruwa sanyaya da carburetor, kunsha na hudu Kwayoyin. Engine tare da atomatik watsa iya hanzarta da mota zuwa 160 km. Don 100 km na mota da aka tarwatsa for 20 seconds.

Game da man fetur amfani a hada sake zagayowar inji cinye 18 lita 100 kilomita. Atomatik watsa samar da uku watsa - shi ne tsaka tsaki, da farko kaya, da motsi da baya. Dole na yi canzawa su ta amfani da maɓallan da a gaban mota.

gyare-gyare

Saboda haka, Gaz-13 - wannan shi ne tushe model. Ciki, da raya da uku layuka na kujerun, da samfur sãɓã wa jũna muhimmanci a kan kayan aiki na samar.

Gaz-13A - yana da guda na asali model, amma gida aka shigar bangare tsakanin fasinja da direba.

13B - a mota tare da nadawa saman, wannan gyara da aka yi amfani da soja farati.

13C - a wagon. Wannan canji a cikin jerin bai je. Total samar game da ashirin da wadannan inji.

Karamin mota "Moskvich" -400

Wannan shi ne na gaba model bayan Kim-10-52. Aiki a kan mota fara bayan da yaki, a farkon shekarar 1946. shuka ma bayan da yaki ya canja da sunan da ya "Moskvich". Yana mutane ta mota, wanda ya a halitta kafin yaki.

Motar da aka samar a cikin image na Opel Kadett K38, wanda aka ci gaba da General Motors a '38. Duk da kayan da aka fitar dashi zuwa Jamus, shi ba zai yiwu ya cece kan sarki don samar da jikinsu, sai na yi haifar da nasu, Soviet.

Bunƙasa wannan mota cikin gida da kuma Jamus injiniyoyi. The kudin na na'ura, bisa ga daban-daban kafofin - daga 8000 zuwa 9000 rubles. Shi ne mai yawa kudi, da kuma a farko kawai 'yan iya iya wani sabon "Moskvich" -400, amma a cikin 50 jindadin daga cikin mutane ya karu, da kuma inji sahu a jira jerin.

waje

Matsayin tushe amfani Opel Kadett K38. The inji shi ne mai farin Stalin, kuma ya yi umurni da cewa Tarayyar Soviet sanya wani ainihin kwafin. Ba dole ne a ce cewa Opel aka halitta a Jamus kafin yaki, da kuma dukan abin da aka kafa tare da zane ne m, a cikin 40s. Opel a wannan lokaci samar more ban sha'awa model, amma da jayayya da Stalin, babu daya shiga. Daga baya zai sabunta look a bit, amma jiki ba ya canzawa.

engine

Tun da Jamus ne ba takardun na da ikon naúrar ba, Soviet injiniyoyi ɓullo da wani sabon mota. Vehicle manned vosmiklapannym hudu-naúrar, wanda damar da aka sani kawai 23 lita. wani. a lokacin da aiki girma na 1100 cubic mita. cm. A motor gudanar da biyu daga uku-mataki manual gearbox. Da ikon naúrar da aka halitta a karkashin A-66 man fetur. A kwarara kudi da aka 8 lita 100 kilomita a iyakar gudun 90 km / h.

Gaz

A wannan shuka samar da wani yawa daban-daban ban sha'awa model. Daya daga cikinsu - a gas A. A tarihin motoci fara a Detroit. A sa'an nan da tsohon mutum Genri Ford yanke shawarar cewa Ford T kawai basu hakura m. Kuma ya dauki shi a kashe taron line. Maimakon haka, mu gudu da model A. A mataki na farko da aka modified engine - bayan da canji na da ikon shi ya canza daga 23 lita. wani. to 40. The girma ya karu zuwa 3.2 lita. Shi ne ma mai bushe guda-farantin kama a cikin mota.

Hyundai sa'an nan a gwada wa motoci da truck - AA, sa'an nan ya tafi a kan wani injin mai triaxial inji AAA. Yana da wannan hadade da kullum m abin hawa kamar Soviet shugabannin. Bisa aka yanke shawarar kirkiro da sauki, abin dogara da kuma technologically m Soviet motoci. Kamar wancan ne aka haife da iskar gas A. model samar daga 1932 zuwa 1938.

zane

Damina wakilta faduwa biyu resilient tube na karfe. Lagireto da aka rufi da nickel da kuma ado da farko lakabin Gaz shuka. Sai ƙafafun su Fitted da waya spokes - wani siffa da su ne cewa ba su bukatar gyara.

Windscreen amfani triplex gilashi. toshe man fetur tank an shigar a gaban shi. Sam tank located a kan raya bango na engine daki - don haka gudanar da ware daga fetur famfo zane. Fetur fadi a cikin carburetor da nauyi.

Bayar da Soviet na'ura a baya na "Phaeton" a wurare 5. A yanayin saukan ruwan sama shi yiwuwa a janye alfarwa ta zane.

salon

A matuƙin jirgin ruwa da aka baki, kuma shi aiki a matsayin wani abu na katakon kanya. Kusa da alama a kan matuƙin jirgin ruwa designers, Mun sanya musamman levers - da farko kayyade ƙonewa lokaci, da kuma na biyu da aka yi amfani da iskar gas wadata. Injin gwada sauri wakilta drum numerals. Kasa da gas feda aka shigar na musamman tsayawar ga diddige.

zane Features

Idan ka kwakkwance mota, sa'an nan typed kawai 21 hali. Har ila yau band birki aka amfani, babu yiwuwar ya daidaita bawul din, karamin mataki na matsawa engine - 4.2. Kamar yadda amfani da su kẽta dakatar spring.

A kadan daga baya, wannan abin kwaikwaya zai canza sedan gas M-1, wanda kuma dogara ne a kan Ford A, amma modified ga kashe-hanya ƙasa. Saboda haka, ya karu jiki ƙarfi, karfafa dakatar. Kammala voracious engine kawar da na 3.2 lita haka cewa ta ikon da aka karu zuwa 50 lita. wani.

A wannan jerin kashe-hanya limousine Gaz M-1 hit a 1936. Saki fiye da 60 000 kofe. Sai ya zama mai nasara model.

Gaz-21

Wannan Soviet motoci a wani jiki irin "sedan". A serial samar da mota fara a '56, kuma shi ba har sai da '70s. Wannan shi ne mafi nasara model na cikin gida da mota masana'antu.

Development ya fara a shekara ta 1952. Da farko mun yi aiki a kan model na M21. Mun yi aiki a kan zane na artist Leonid Eremeev da Williams. A 1953, na farko model na M21 da aka halitta, da aikin da aka ba Williams kusata. na farko samfur na "Volga" Gaz-21 sa'an nan a cikin bazara na shekara ta 1954 da aka tattara.

gwaje-gwaje da aka za'ayi, a lokacin da motoci sun nuna sakamako mai kyau. A sabon "Volga" ya juya daga wani tattali, ya fi yadda a kan tsauri halaye na Gaz M-12 ZIM. Bugu da kari, da mota siffofi na musamman da zane.

A farko juna kammala tare da motor nizhneklapannym tsari, shi aka aiki girma na 2.4 lita. Engine ikon da aka riga 65 lita. wani. Yana da wani mota na "Nasara", wanda hakan ya tilasta ma'aikata. A jummai da ikon naúrar sarrafa uku-mataki manual gearbox.

Car masu "Volga" (gas-21) na ce high lalata juriya a jikin kyau patency motoci. A yau shi ne na bege da kuma ganin ta wakilan iya zama a cikin zaman kansa collections.

Gaz-24

Daga baya, a shekarar 1968, kan na mota Gaz-24 da aka saki. The inji shi ne samuwa a biyu jiki styles - sedan da wagon. A daya lokaci shi ne mafi babbar mota. Ci gaba model fara nan da nan bayan da farkon samar da 21 th "Volga". Motar gudanar ya tsira uku restyling, zane fasali kõma zuwa American motoci. Amma akwai a waje da kuma na asali siffofin, ba da jiki da sauri.

Fasaha halaye na abin hawa

Gaz-24 da aka samar, kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, a biyu a jikinsu. Clearance ya 180 mm. A engine aka sanya a gaban wani longitudinally. A fetur engine na 2.4 L girma da aka zaba a matsayin ikon naúrar. Its kauri ya 95 lita. wani. Ya yi aiki a jummai tare da hudu-manual watsa. Fuel amfani - 13 lita 100 km. Tare da wannan naúrar matsakaicin gudu ne 145 km / h.

Bisa aka bayyana a cikin "Volga" sa'an nan da yawa daban-daban gyare-gyare da aka samar. Mun kuma nuna model don fitarwa. Gama saki a 1985.

Ba dole ne a ce cewa Soviet inji shi ne yafi ban sha'awa waɗanda aka yi a yau. An yanzu duk zamani mutane ze uninteresting, amma sai kowane sabon model ya haqiqa bi don mota masu goyon baya. Wadannan inji ne yanzu a fina-finan, suna a cikin gidajen tarihi da kuma masu zaman kansu tarin, da mota ZIS-110 ne Popular kasashen waje, ciki har da Amurka da Turai. Mutane da yawa masu motoci ba makudan domin sayan da kuma maido da irin wannan inji. Shi ne yanzu na bege. Kuma kada soki m auto masana'antu, amma har yanzu a kasar san yadda za a yi mai kyau motoci.