A tsarin da hannu da kuma wuyan hannu. A ilimin Halittar Jiki tsarin da hannu

A hankali jarrabawa na tsarin da hannunka, kazalika da wani sashen na mu musculoskeletal tsarin, shi ne wajen rikitarwa. Ya kunshi uku main Tsarin: kasũsuwa, ashe, tsokoki da kuma jijiyoyin cewa rike da ƙasũsuwa. A goga yana da uku rarrabu, wato, wuyan hannu, yatsunsu da pastern.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu tattauna da buroshi: tsarin, tsokoki, da gidajen abinci da hannu. Bari mu fara da bayanin irin ƙasũsuwa a cikin daban-daban sassan.

carpal kashi

Tun da hannuwa yi quite daidai da m motsi, kashi tsarin da hannu ne kuma da wuya matuƙa. A wuyan hannu - 8 kananan kasusuwa na sababbu siffar, shirya a jeri biyu. A cikin hoton da ke ƙasa za ka iya ganin tsarin da hannun dãma.

A proximal articular surface da dama siffofin, to a convex radius. Ya kunshi kasũsuwa, ashe, kirgawa daga na biyar zuwa babbar yatsa: pisiform, triangular, semilunar kuma navicular. Next jere - distal. Yana ta haɗu da proximal hadin gwiwa na sababbu siffar. A distal jere kunshi hudu ƙasũsuwa: trapezoidal, polygonal, capitate da hamate.

pastern kashi

Wannan sashen ne hada tubular 5 metacarpal kasũsuwa, ashe, kuma ya nuna da m tsarin da hannu. Kwarangwal na dogon ƙasũsuwa ne hadaddun. Kowane daga cikinsu yana da jiki, a sansanin da kuma wani shugaban. Metacarpal kashi na 1st yatsa ne guntu fiye da sauran da kuma shi ne m. Na biyu metacarpal kashi - mafi tsawo. Wasu suna rage a tsawon matsayin nesa daga farko, kuma kusa da gefen da gwiwar hannu. Filaye, domin a sama pastern ƙasũsuwa m da ƙasusuwan kafa da wuyan hannu. A farko da biyar metacarpals ake samu shiga gasar tare da articular saman da sirdi siffofi, yayin da wasu - lebur. Ragowa metacarpal kashi da ciwon wani articular surface (hemispherical) da alaƙa da proximal yatsa phalanges.

yatsa ƙasũsuwa

Kowane yatsa, sai dai na farko, wanda ya kunshi kawai biyu phalanges kuma yana da wani talakawan, akwai 3 phalanx: distal, proximal da kuma tsakiyar (matsakaici). A guntu - distal. Proximal - mafi tsawo. A distal karshen yana da wani shugaban da phalanx, da kuma proximal - harsashinsa.

Sesamoid ƙasũsuwa goga

A cikin ciki na jijiya, fãce waɗanda ƙasũsuwa da sesamoid zubar tsakanin proximal phalanx na yatsa da kuma ta metacarpal kashi. Akwai ma wadanda ba na dindindin sesamoid ƙasũsuwa. Suna located tsakanin proximal phalanx na biyar da na biyu yatsunsu da metacarpal ƙasũsuwa. Yawancin lokaci sesamoid ƙasũsuwa located a kan palmar surface. Amma wani lokacin za su iya a samu a baya. Pisiform kashi ne ma directed zuwa sama view. Sesamoid ƙasũsuwa da su tafiyar matakai qara kafada tsoka ƙarfi, a haɗe zuwa gare su.

Mun sake nazari da tsarin da hannu da kuma wuyan hannu kasũsuwa, ashe, a yanzu mun zo da ligamentous na'ura.

wuyan hannu hadin gwiwa

Ya kunshi radial kashi da proximal jere na carpal ƙasũsuwa: triangular, semilunar kuma navicular. A ulna ne complemented da articular Disc kuma ba ya mika zuwa wuyan hannu hadin gwiwa. Babban rawa a cikin samuwar gwiwar hannu taka ulnar kashi. Duk da yake cikin wuyan hannu - masaƙa. Wuyan hannu hadin gwiwa a siffar - elliptical. Yana yiwuwa sata, adduction goga, lankwashewa kuma tsawo. Kananan m rotational motsi (10-12 digiri) ne kuma zai yiwu a cikin wannan hadin gwiwa, amma yana da za'ayi godiya ga elasticity na articular guringuntsi. Ta hanyar da taushi nama ne sauki gane da tsaguwa da wuyan hannu hadin gwiwa, wanda shi ne detectable da ulnar da radial bangarorin. Tare da gwiwar hannu iya grope trihedral sako tsakanin kashi da ulna kai. Tare da radial gefen - rata tsakanin malleoli, kuma a kaikaice ulnar styloid.

Movement of tsintsiyar hannu hadin gwiwa ne a hankali alaka da aikin srednezapyastnogo hadin gwiwa dake tsakanin distal da proximal layuka. Its surface da wahala sababbu siffar. Lokacin da lankwashewa da tsawo motsi girma ya kai 85 digiri. Rage daga cikin goga a cikin sama hadin gwiwa kai 40 digiri sata - 20. The wuyan hannu hadin gwiwa iya sha circumduction, Ina nufin madauwari motsi.

Wannan hadin gwiwa da aka karfafa ta m jijiyoyin. Suna located tsakanin mutum kasũsuwa, ashe, kazalika a kan kaikaice, da tsakiya, da kuma mayar da palmar surface na wuyan hannu. Na biyu jijiya (radius da ulna) wasa mafi muhimmanci rawa. A cikin ulnar da radial tarnaƙi na flexor retinaculum aka located tsakanin elevations na kashi - musamman bunch. A gaskiya, shi ba ya shafi hannunka gidajen abinci, kamar yadda thickening na fascia. Retinaculum flexor wuyan hannu kwarin kunya jũya a cikin canal, wanda runduna da tsakãtsaki ce jijiya da kuma tendons na flexor digitorum. Mun ci gaba da bayyana ilimin halittàr jiki da hannu.

Carpometacarpal gidajen abinci

Su ne lebur, su ne m. Banda shi ne cikin hadin gwiwa na da babban yatsa. Range na motsi carpometacarpal gidajen abinci - ba fiye 5-10 digiri. Sun iyakance motsi, t. Don. A jijiyoyin suna da kyau ci gaba. Located a kan palmar surface, sai suka samar da wani barga palmar jijiyoyin a haɗa tsakanin wani metacarpal kashi da wuyan hannu. Akwai a kan goga arcuate jijiya, da kuma a kaikaice da radial. Capitatum ne tsakiya zuwa jijiyoyin, shi kulla a manyan yawan jijiyoyin. Palmar ɓullo da yawa fiye da na baya. Rear jijiyoyin connect, ƙashi na daga cikin wuyan hannu. Sai suka samar da wani thickening capsules wanda ake rufi da gidajen abinci tsakanin waɗannan ƙasusuwa. Intercostals suna located in na biyu jere na carpal ƙasũsuwa.

A thumb carpometacarpal hadin gwiwa da aka kafa ta a tushe na farko metacarpal kashi da polygonal. A articular saman ne sirdi siffar. Wannan hadin gwiwa na iya yi da wadannan ayyuka: sata, adduction, reposition (retrograde motsi), 'yan adawa (adawa) da kuma circumduction (roundabout). Volume fahimtar ƙungiyoyi, saboda gaskiyar cewa thumb aka yi tsayayya da dukan sauran mutane, an ƙwarai karu. 45-60 digiri na motsi carpometacarpal hadin gwiwa na thumb sata da kuma a kan actuation, kuma a lokacin da dawowar motsi da bambanci - 35-40.

A tsarin da hannunka: metacarpophalangeal gidajen abinci

Kira gidajen abinci suna kafa goga shugabannin metacarpals tare da sa hannu na kwasfa na proximal phalanges. Su ne mai siffar zobe, da uku yardatayya perpendicular gatura na juyawa a kusa da tsawo da kuma lankwashewa, sata da kuma adduction, kazalika da madauwari motsi (circumduction). Kawo kuma fitarwa ne zai yiwu a 45-50 darajõji, kuma lankwashewa da tsawo - at 90-100. Wadannan gidajen abinci da tabbaci jijiyoyin a tarnaƙi, wanda ya ƙarfafa su. Palmar ko kari ne a palmar gefe na kwantena. Su zaruruwa kõre da mai walƙiya da zaruruwa na zurfin mai gangara jijiya da cewa ya hana ta bambanta rarrabuwar a cikin daban-daban bangarorin daga cikin shugabannin metacarpal ƙasũsuwa.

Interphalangeal gidajen abinci na hannunka

Su trochlear siffar da su axis na juyawa mika transversely. Tsawo kuma lankwashewa yiwu a kusa da wadannan gatura. A proximal interphalangeal gidajen abinci da girma na lankwashewa da tsawo, daidai 110-120 digiri, distal - 80-90. Interphalangeal gidajen abinci sosai ƙarfafa ta na biyu jijiya.

Synovial kuma fibrous daina kai hare hare na tendons na yatsunsu

Extensor retinaculum, kazalika da flexor retinaculum, taka muhimmiyar rawa a karfafa matsayin da tsoka tendons wucewa a ƙasa. Wannan shi ne musamman gaskiya a lõkacin da aiki hannunka: a tsawo da kuma lankwashewa. Nature nufin tsarin ne sosai m hannunka. Tendons ne muka ambata a sama goyon baya a tare da tare da ciki surface daga gare ta. Rabuwa da tendons daga kashi hana taye. Wannan damar domin m aiki da karfi tsoka ƙanƙancewa yin tsayayya da wani matsin lamba da yawa.

Rage na gogayya da kuma zamewa na tendons mikawa daga hannu da dantse a kan goga, taimakawa na musamman Murfín agảrả, waxanda suke da kashi-fibrotic ko fibrotic tashoshi. Su ne synovial daina kai hare hare. The most lamba (6-7) ne a karkashin extensor retinaculum. Radius da ulna da GROOVES cewa ta dace da wuri na da tsoka agara. Kazalika da ake kira fibrous webs wanda rarrabe tashoshi daga juna da kuma mika zuwa ga ƙasũsuwa da extensor retinaculum.

Palmar synovial daina kai hare hare ne flexor tendons na yatsunsu da hannuwanku. Total synovial farji kara zuwa cibiyar na dabino da kai distal phalanx na biyar yatsa. A nan ne tendons na waje da kuma zurfin flexor digitorum. The yatsa yana da dogon flexor agara located in synovial farji banda kuma wucewa a kan wani yatsa tare da wata jijiya. Synovial daina kai hare hare a cikin dabino daga hannunka tsokoki suna hana da tendons cewa je na huɗu, na biyu da na uku yatsunsu. Kawai agara na biyar yatsa yana da wani synovial daina kai hare hare, wanda shi ne wani tsawo daga cikin jimlar.

hannunka tsokoki

A cikin hoton da ke ƙasa za ka iya ganin hannun tsokoki. A tsarin da wuyan hannu da aka nuna a cikin mafi daki-daki.

Tsokoki a hannunka kawai a kan palmar gefe. Sun kasu kashi uku kungiyoyin: matsakaici, ƙanana da manyan yatsu.

Tun da yatsa ƙungiyoyi bukatar ainihin, a cikin goga ne wani gagarumin yawan short tsokoki, complicating tsarin da hannu. Tsokoki na hannun kowane daga cikin kungiyoyin tattauna a kasa.

A tsakiyar kungiyar na tsokoki

An kafa tsutsa-kamar tsokoki, fara daga zurfin dijital flexor agara kuma a haɗe zuwa proximal phalanx, ko kuma wajen da kwasfansu guda daga cikin na biyu zuwa na biyar yatsa, idan muka yi la'akari da tsarin da hannu. Tsokoki na hannun wadannan ma zo daga baya, kuma palmar interosseous, located in tsakanin ƙasusuwan pastern, a haɗe da tushe na proximal phalanx. The aiki na wannan kungiya shi ne cewa wadannan tsokoki suna da hannu a lankwashewa na proximal phalanges daga wadannan yatsunsu. Saboda da palmar interossei tsokoki iya kawo yatsa ga tsakiyar yatsa goga. Tare da rearmost intercostals ne ga kiwo gefe.

Tsokoki na thumb

Wannan kungiyar Forms da tadawa na yatsa. Wadannan tsokoki fara a kusa da kusa pastern kashi da wuyan hannu. Amma babban yatsan short flexor a haɗe kusa da sesamoid kashi, wanda aka located kusa da tushe daga cikin proximal phalanx. Contrasted tare da yatsa tsoka ke da farko metacarpal kashi, da kuma kaiwa da yatsa ne a ciki sesamoid ƙasũsuwa.

Kananan yatsa tsokoki

Wannan rukuni na tsokoki siffofin da ciki na dabino na tadawa. Wadannan sun hada da: da Ƙaramin yatsana ya sace tsoka, contrasted tare da kadan yatsa, short palmar da kuma gajeren flexor.

Sun samo asali ne daga kewaye kashi a wuyan hannu. Wadannan tsokoki suna haɗe da tushe na biyar kafana, ko kuma wajen da proximal phalanx, kuma na biyar metacarpal kashi. Su yi aiki da aka nuna a cikin suna.

A wannan labarin, za mu yi kokarin mafi daidai wakilci tsarin da hannu. Anatomy - shi ne mai da muhimman hakkokin kimiyya da cewa na bukatar, ba shakka, a mafi m binciken. Saboda haka, wasu tambayoyi zauna unlit. A tsarin da hannu da kuma wuyan hannu - wani topic da cewa hankalin ba kawai na likitoci. Ilmi game da shi shi ne ma wajibi da 'yan wasa, fitness malamai, dalibai da sauran Categories mutane. A tsarin da hannu, kamar yadda ka lura, quite hadaddun, da kuma koyon shi na iya zama quite lokaci mai tsawo, dogaro a kan wani iri-iri na kafofin.