"Smerch" (MRL): bayani dalla-dalla da kuma hotuna na amsawa tsarin na Salvo wuta

Bayan da sananne "Katyusha" a cikin Armed Forces sun yaushe biya kulawa ta musamman wajen amsawa tsarin na Salvo wuta. Wannan ba abin mamaki: su ne mun gwada da m, sauki tsirar, amma su ne musamman mobile, tabbatar da shan kashi na manpower da kuma kayan albarkatun da makiya a kusan duk wani wuri, a duk inda aka fada.

Daya daga cikin mafi inganci membobin wannan iyali da aka tsarin "Smerch". MLRS wannan lokaci a cikin aikace-aikace ya tabbatar da zama musamman tasiri ne kuma abin dogara makami.

Ga wanda da tsarin za a iya amfani?

"Iskar" da aka tsara don ya hallaka duka biyu sojojin abokan gaba da kuma nauyi sulke da motocin. Idan umurnin cibiyoyin da kuma sadarwa nodes, kazalika da mugun shigar za a iya halaka ta hanyar wannan tsarin minefields a nesa na 70 km.

Tarihi na halitta

A shekarar 1961 soma da Armed Forces of Tarayyar Soviet da aka sanya MLRS M-21, da halaye na wanda ba gaba daya gamsu da Soviet soja. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a karshen 1970s a SSPE "Alloy" a wani speedy hanya aka za'ayi kimiyya da bincike da nufin samar da wani tsarin na amsawa volley-wuta, wanda zai samar da wani mafi robust asara a raga da equipping iko projectiles da high nakiyoyi.

A sakamakon haka, a tsakiyar 1980 da aikin "iskar" da aka aiko zuwa jihar gwani hukumar. Wannan MRL bayar da dako isarwa zuwa nesa na 70 km. Ka tuna cewa a cikin bukatun na soja sa'an nan Ya azurta da shasi, samar da maneuvering a ƙasa a gudun 70 km / h (babban zirga-zirga).

Fara na samarwa

New roka shirin mai gabatarwa "Smerch" hadu duk da bayyana bukatun, shi yana da manyan al'amurra saboda ta cheapness na samarwa, amma saboda riga a shekarar 1985, aka bayar da umarni a fara aikin a kan wani serial samarwa tsarin. Tuni a cikin shekara ta 1987, da aikin shi gaba daya ƙãre, kuma na farko da "iskar" fara shari'a harbe harbe.

Farkon shekara ta gaba, da MLRS (shan la'akari da kawar da wasu ƙarara kuma comments) karshe an bada shawarar ga al'amurra kasar.

Key Features na samfur

Tsarin al'amurra da harbi bawo na 200 mm zamo, tasiri da kewayon yayin da suppressing maƙiyi 20/70 km. A babban amfani da high-m bawo irin shi ne cewa su mataki bai isa ba a abin da yace fama halaye baya dauka a cikin sabis "guraben da kalmomin".

Saboda haka, cikin kewayon kashi zalegshey (!) Abokin G¯aban dakaru fiye da 1300 mita daga cibiyar da fashewa daga cikin cajin. Single sa ido shasi iya gudanar da 25 zuwa 35 bawo.

Halaye na tsarin soma da makamai

Duk da na sama yi halaye, soja masana sun ba da cikakken gamsu da karfi na projectiles. Kwaskwarimar da haske a karshe MRL "iskar", wanda yi halaye an ba a kasa.

Saboda haka, ya zamo kamar an tayar da su 300 mm harsashi nauyi ya karu zuwa 815 kg. Jami'in kanta m yana da wani taro mafi girma daga 250 kilo. The harbe-harben kewayon kasance iri guda (iyakar - 90 km). Wannan lokaci da zanen kaya sun bayar ba kawai sa ido (abu 123), amma kuma a wheeled shasi, dangane da Maz-543A.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa MLRS 9K58 "Smerch" - wannan shi ne wani hadadden, wanda ya hada da dama aka gyara.

Babban aka gyara

• 9A52-2 shasi dangane da Maz-543A.
• Machine ga shari kuma loading 9T234-2.
• Bawo kansu.
• Atomatik wuta kula da tsarin da kuma gyara daga "Vivarium".
• Kudi ga ilmi da kuma horo aiki hadaddun.
• Mota saita ga topographic nazarin 1T12-2M yankunan.
• 1B44 shugabanci binciken tsarin.
• Kayan aiki domin gyara da kuma goyon baya daga cikin kayan wani ɓangare na 9F381.

kumbura TTX

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da shasi 9A52-2 halitta dangane da Maz-543A wanda dabaran dabara - 8x8. Amma ga manyan bindigogi guda, aka hada da goma sha shida shiryar, swivel inji tare da tasiri da kuma daidaituwa na'urorin, kazalika da electromechanical da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tabbatar da dorewar na'urar.

Sassan saiti kuma su juya iya aika projectiles a wani kwana na 5-55 digiri. Takamaiman shugabanci - a cikin kewayon digiri 30 zuwa kowane gefe. Wannan amsawa tsarin "Smerch" ne sun fi mayar daban-daban daga abin da "Hurricane", wanda iyakance kwance shiriya - wannan digiri 30 (15 digiri zuwa gefen). Don saita kasance barga a lokacin harbe-harben, a raya wani ɓangare yana da biyu na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa abutment kõra su zuwa ga na farko matsayi da hannu.

An yi amfani da hadadden ne ma da cewa makamai masu linzami da za a iya hawa kai tsaye zuwa reluwe. Ganin cewa a cikin shasi na na'ura sanye take da dare hangen nesa na'urorin da high quality-radio station, ko da dare sufuri ba wakiltar musamman matsaloli.

Bayani a kan reluwe

Sami shiryar sanya a cikin irin na lokacin farin ciki-hananna bututu, a cikin abin da ganuwar da helical tsagi, domin wanda a lokacin da samfurin clings harbe fil amsawa cajin. Wannan fil ne wani analog na rifling a cikin kututturan kananan makamai, kamar yadda ake bukata vector sets dako.

All dogo kit aka sandararru a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, rectangular siffar. Tare da biyu semiaxes, wanda yake da alaka da saman inji, wannan tushe iya jawo a kan manufa daidai ta wajen Rotary sunadaran.

A qaddara hanya cajin da aka gudanar da Pull-saukar stabilizer (as a RPG Shots). mahara roka launchers "Smerch" lokaci daya kawai maida hankali ne akan fiye da 67 kadada!

Mafi sau da yawa, harbe-harben da aka gudanar daga cikin rufaffiyar matsayi. Zai yiwu wuta iko kai tsaye daga taksi. Lissafi na hadaddun hada da mutane hudu a peacetime da shida - a wartime. BM nada shugaban, mai sojan igwa da kuma wani direba. Number of maza hidima kayan aiki dabam.

A kadan game da projectiles

Kada ɗauka cewa "Smerch" projectiles ne banal high m cajin. An yanzu amfani da fiye da dozin na jinsin, kuma an kullum ake ci gaba da sabon iri.

Da aka fi amfani na al'ada da fashewar dako 9M55F. The shugaban rabo - dukan nauyi na m ba ya wuce 100 kg. Amfani domin lura da m defenses zuwa yãƙi zalegshey dakaru da kuma lalata hasken sulke da motocin a kan Maris.

Musamman domin lalata maƙiyi sojojin 9M55K model aka ɓullo. A shugaban kowane dako 72 ne dauke da raba abubuwa (2 kilo kowane), da kuma fashewar submunitions. Kawai 10-12 na wadannan zargin zai isa ya hallakar da misali dakaru kamfanin.

A akasin wannan, musamman domin fama sulke da motocin (ciki har da nauyi tankuna) da aka ɓullo da 9M55K1 harsashi. A shugaban wani bangare ne biyar akai-akai tare da atomatik saiti. Idan fama tsarin "Smerch" da aka yi amfani a matsayin "mafarauci tankuna", ga cikakken halakar da wani tanki kamfanin (!) Quite a daya-lokaci volley kawai hudu motoci.

sauran sunadaran

The juyawa ɓangare na na'ura a mafi hadaddun na'urar. Its zane hada da wani rocking kujera, lilo, dagawa da compensating sunadaran, kazalika da manual inji shiriya da wurin aiki shiriya sadarwarka. Muhimmanci kulle sunadaran (ciki har da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa rocking), a kan wanda daidaito dogara sun fi mayar. Diyya inji hada da wani biyu daga torsion sanduna da kuma fastenings.

A general, da MLRS "Smerch", wanda yana da wani photo a cikin labarin, lokacin da fallasa su wuta volley catastrophic obalodi, don haka cewa jihar compensatory sunadaran dogara ba kawai daidaito, amma kuma da tsaro na dukan lissãfi.

A al'ada mode ga saiti jagora da ake amfani a kan manufa hydroelectric drive. Idan inji kasa ko aka kashe, akwai wani manual drive. Lokacin da motsi duk juyawa sassa aka kulle tare da kulle tubalan. Bugu da kari, matukin jirgin sarrafawa rajistan shiga bawul rocker ƙwarai sauqaqa dukan hadaddun lokacin da harbi.

A tsarin da sighting naúrar kunshi mai tabbatar da kyau-tabbatar gani D726-45. Angle aunawa na'urar ne wani al'ada igwa zaban ma'aikata panorama PG-1m.

Wanda ya samar da hadadden "Twister"?

• Cikakken lissafi tsaro, wanda ya sa ya yiwu su gudanar da biyu fama da horo harbi.
• Yiwuwar guda kuma mahara roka launchers. Idan yi Salvo hit, sa'an nan duk da bawo tafi kashe a 38 seconds. Wannan amsawa "Smerch" harbi ne daban-daban daga wasu takwarorinsu, wanda ya bukatar karin lokaci domin harbi.
• Idan akwai hadari na kirga wani maharbi harbi ko damun maƙiyi wuta, shi bayar da wata dama don sarrafa wuta daga cikin tsari, located a nesa na 60 mita daga cikin na'ura.
• Fiye da rabin na kula da gyara da aka ninninkuwa. Ko da a cikin hali na gazawar da ainihin abubuwan za a iya jawo nufin da kuma harba da hannu.

sauran yiwuwa

Tun da hadaddun da aka soma gwada da kwanan nan (a 1987), a yanzu lokaci, ta kau daga samarwa da aka ba su shirya. Haka kuma, a yau, ci gaba da dama da shirye-shirye domin na zamani da data kasance makamai a cikin "iskar".

Saboda haka, shi ne a cikin tsarin wannan shirin ya hadadden tsarin "Vivarium" atomatik wuta iko, ko da yake an kafa "Skit" layi daya amfani a cikin MLRS "Uragan".

A bisa ga al'ada, mu zanen kaya sun riƙi kula da m aiki na duk tsarin a cikin yanayin damina da za a iya ci karo a kan dukan ƙasar na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet. Saboda haka, volley wuta tsarin "Twister" za a iya amfani a zazzabi na daga -50 zuwa +45 digiri Celsius.

Har ila yau, a yau, da fama hadaddun aiki iya fili ga manufa, ko da a cikin rashi na gaba bayar da ta asalin ko saboda da sojan igwa. Gaskiyar cewa (a full yarda da shirin na da haɓaka zuwa 2020) sabunta kayan aiki "iskar" aiki da kyau da shiriya daga unmanned m motocin, wanda yanzu ma ɗauke shi zuwa sabis na mu Armed Forces.

Haka ya shafi sauran ACS shiriya, wanda tuni a sabis ko a karkashin ci gaba. Alal misali, a cikin fama da yanayi, da ke aiki iya amfani da shiriya da tsarin "Hurricane" ko "Grad". A general, da "iskar" - MRL da mãmãki! "Roba", kuma wannan na samar da wani m kamu da yiwuwa na da amfani.

The domin na fama amfani

Kamar yadda a duk wasu lokuta, da yin amfani da wannan tsarin ne mai amsawa volley wuta ne gaba daya na karkashin takamaiman guzuri na Yarjejeniya.

Na farko, da umurninSa motocin MLRS birged abu dole ne a samu bayani game da abokan gaba, kazalika da wuri na ta sāke wuri. Bisa ga bayanai sa da lissafi na shugabanci na tasiri. Zabi nau'in harsasai, da yawa daga wuta, kazalika da ta gyara dangane da yanayin a ƙasa. Bayan haka, duk da bayanin da aka wuce, zuwa ga umurnin post na ƙungiyar, wanda aka zaba domin da bayani na daidai manufa.

Bayan wannan umurnin tsarin yin nazarin binciken, da suka shafi su da albarkatun samuwa. Ganin cewa "iskar" - jet tsarin, domin ta aikin na bukatar wani fairly bude da kuma airy matsayi, kamar yadda a dauke wooded ko duwatsu ƙasa, jefa projectiles bazai amintaba ga aiki.

Bayani ne to daukar kwayar cutar wa shugabannin raka'a wanda ke da alhakin kai hari a kan makiya matsayi.

A daukar kwayar cutar data ake sarrafa a cikin kwamfuta na nufin "Smerch" batura (shida motoci). Duk abin da ya faru ta atomatik, saboda soja ya sha nanata gano cewa wannan dabarar da cika fuska qara yadda ya dace da wuta. Bugu da kari, daruruwan sau haka rage lokaci da ake bukata domin kawo cikin hadaddun a cikin harbe-harben matsayi.

Nan da nan bayan da cewa, da raka'a jiran domin bude wuta kan abokan gaba matsayi.

Wannan abin da "iskar". MLRS wannan ya tabbatar da cewa abin mamaki tasiri ne kuma abin dogara makami, sabili da haka tsaye a yau a sabis tare da kasashe da dama a duniya. Kyautata ta zabin yau ne kullum samuwa a cikin sojojin.