"Hurricane" (MRL). Rasha MLRS 9K57 "Hurricane"

Makami mai linzami da makamai tun da Soviet sau, da kuma yanzu a Rasha ci gaba da zama wata babbar trump katin, ba kawai a amfani da makamai rikici, amma kuma a cikin tattaunawar kasa da kasa.

Duk da haka, kafin wannan zo infrequently. Inda ya zama dole a kullum harkokin sojojin tsarin na amsawa volley wuta. Daya daga cikin na kowa ne "Hurricane". MLRS ne tartsatsi a cikin sojojin, shi ne quite cheap, don samar. Ba ta AMINCI da sauki, ba abin mamaki ba da zamani hali zamanintar da Armed Forces of hadaddun, wanda tarihi Dates baya ga 60s na karshe karni!

Tarihi na halitta

An yi imani da cewa dukkan m ci gaban irin wannan da daya anda kakanin kakaninsa - MRL "Katyusha". A wata hanya da wannan gaskiya ne, amma bai kamata mu manta da cewa zamani mahara roka launchers ne matuƙa, daban-daban daga almara hadaddun.

Alal misali, a matsayin mai shiryarwa m zanen kaya sun tsawon watsi dogo tsarin: to ba za ta zama kamar yanayin da dako da aka samu sun fi mayar da sabani, kuma a samu damar cajin haduwa ne quite high.

Kuma saboda wannan m MRL 9k57 "Hurricane" ya kamata a yi la'akari da matsayin da kafa M-21B, wanda aka saka a cikin sabis a wani m 1963 shekara.

Duk da kyau fasali na wannan MLRS, da soja ya ba da cikakken yarda da shi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a shekarar 1963 a Tula shiga jihar tsaro domin ci gaban mai alamar sabon model, a cikin abin da akwai wani ƙarara M-21B. Zuwa ga waɗanda soja dangana da mun gwada low sassauci, da kuma lethality na ma'aikatansa dako ya unsatisfactory. Shan la'akari da darussan da na Great Patriotic War, mu soja da aka riga da ya fahimci cewa makiya sulke ginshikan kyawawa to "niƙa" kafin lokaci, sabili da haka kara bukatun da shafi sabon ci gaban da aka wani tasiri mataki ko da a kan ɗauka da sauƙi sulke hari.

Neman gaba, za mu lura cewa 9k57 MLRS "Uragan" copes tare da wannan aiki.

almara

Daga shekarar 1963 zuwa shekarar 1964, masana Tula CDB tsunduma a wani m nazarin su aiki. Babban matsalar, wanda sai ya tsaya a gaban su ya kafa MRL, wanda zai sa ya yiwu ya buge wani m da motorized ikon abokan gaba a nesa na 40 kilomita.

A sakamakon wadannan karatu, kuma ya kasance aiki "Hurricane" zai zama samuwa a tsakiyar shekarar 1964. MLRS irin wannan zaci shan kashi na abokan gaba a nesa na 35 kilomita. Its amfani shi ne babban maneuverability, wanda ba ka damar da sauri samar da wani volley daga cikin rufaffiyar matsayi, kuma su bar ba tare da an gano da abokan gaba.

A karshen shekarar 1966 - in Tula fara gudanar da manyan sikelin-bincike aikin farkon a 1967 a kan al'amurra da tallafi na wani sabon tsarin a cikin sabis. Its sakamakon da aka mai cikakken-tsare ra'ayi na hadaddun ya hada da dukan zama dole bayani game da halaye na bawo da su yanayi na amfani.

By 1970, da Ma'aikatar Industry ya nema da cewa a karshe daftarin na sabon MRL 9k57 "Hurricane". Ya kamata a lura da cewa a lokacin da hannu a cikin ci gaban da injiniyoyi da masana kimiyyar ne ba kawai daya daga Tula. Saboda haka, a kusa da birnin Moscow Tsakiya Clinical Asibitin gudanar da wani m nazarin ayukan iska mai ƙarfi zargin da fuze tsarin. Kazan kuma Ya halitta korar cajin dako tare da wani cassette irin warhead.

A sakamakon na farko gwaje-gwaje

A uninitiated karatu iya mamakin tsawon lokacin da ya ɗauki Soviet masana'antu ga halittar daya kawai samfur na irin wannan fasahar. Yana dole ne a tuna cewa a wancan lokaci kawai ya ba manyan sikelin-aukuwa a wannan yanki. A sakamakon aiki tukuru da kuma gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar a fadin kasar zane hukumar, an samu wani musamman tsarin na "Hurricane." MLRS wannan shi ne har yanzu a amfani a kasashe da dama a duniya.

A musamman, shi zai iya taimakawa wajen yaki ko a Syria. A general, lokacin da aka kashe domin wannan bincike, da kyauta ba daidai kan. Alal misali, wannan amsawa tsarin "Smerch" mahara jefa roka da aka ɓullo da kuma sa a cikin sabis a cikin guntu yiwu lokacin godiya ga cewa zaki ya share dukan lissafin ya kasance a shirye.

Bari mu koma cikin gwajin. A shekara ta 1972, kotun masana da aka gabatar kusan gama a samfur tsarin, wanda ya wuce duk samar gwaje-gwaje. Babban halaye sun kamar haka:

• MRL sanye take da unguided projectiles kuma high-fashewar irin cassette wanda za'ayi a kan 80 da 105 kilo, bi da bi, da fashewar.
• BM 9P140 ga wanda har yanzu yanke shawarar amfani da daidaitattun shasi ZIL-135LM (saboda mawuyaci da rashin daftarin shirye-shirye sa ido shasi da aka ƙi).
• Machine ga shari kuma loading 9T452, wanda aka sanya a kan shasi na wannan ZIL-135LM.
• A hadaddun kunshi kayan aiki don gyara da kuma goyon baya na inji.

Factory dokatka dauki kamar wata shekara, a sakamakon wanda yanzu zo "Hurricane". MLRS wannan a shekara ta 1974 yana da game da wannan wasan kwaikwayon halaye kamar yadda a cikin rãyuwar. A karshe, a shekarar 1976, da hadaddun karshe an yarda a cikin sabis.

Shekaru biyu da sata kashe wasu qananan flaws. Bugu da kari, a wannan lokacin masana sun ci gaba da dama da sabon da kuma alamar daban na bawo.

Abin da aka gyara an hada a ƙãre hadaddun?

• 9P140 fama abin hawa kanta.
• Machine ga caji da kuma kai 9T452 bawo.
• Amsawa zargin.
• Kayan aiki na atomatik wuta iko da kuma gyara 1V126 "Skit-B."
• Kudi ga ilmi da kuma horo na ma'aikata a cikin yanayi kusa da fada.
• Machine m 1T12-2M topographic ƙasa.
• Complex don shugabanci-binciken da kuma bincike na yanayin yanayi 1B44.
• Saita don tabbatarwa kuma gyara daga kayan aiki 9F381.

Mafi yawa daga dukkan tsarin da aka duplicated, sabõda haka, ko lalata su ko cikakken kashe na maƙiyi wuta ba wata matsala ba ga wani fama manufa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, babban ɓangare na ayyukan za a iya yi da hannu.

Powerplant

Machine a tashin kai biyu V-dimbin yawa engine Zil-375YA, kowane daga cikinsu shi ne 180 l. wani. Ƙafafun a tarnaƙi an kore ta ta engine, da wani zaman kanta watsa da kuma drivetrain. A cikin farko da na hudu axis sarrafawa ƙafafun aka saka.

The inji sanye take da ba kawai a tsakiyar taya-matsa lamba monitoring tsarin, akwai yiwuwar atomatik paging kan tafi. Kayan da aka samar da kuma gudun halaye ne da kyau. A daya ciko shi zai iya ci gaba har 600 km, bada wani saman gudun 65 km / h. Machine ruwa sauƙi nasara cikas ga 1.2 m zurfin ba tare da wani ƙarin horo.

Domin bayani a kan lissafi da kuma loading

A peacetime, da sanya lissafi na mutane hudu: motar kwamandan, sojan igwa da kuma biyu daga mayaka, wadanda suka kasance alhakin manual shiriya da tabbatarwa. A wartime, da kungiyar karu zuwa mutane shida, tun lokacin da dama daga cikin ayyukan da za a yi da hannu.

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, haulage kuma loading bawo suna sanya tare da wani musamman inji 9T452, wanda aka gina a kan wannan shasi. Kowane inji ba ne kawai daukawa 16 makamai masu linzami, amma kuma samar da su da kayan aiki ba tare da ƙarin kayan aiki. A tsari ne cikakken mechanized, yana daukan kasa da 14 da minti. Used TZM crane wanda za a iya amfani don ya dauke lodi har zuwa 300 kg.

Ba zato ba tsammani, wannan amfani da mahara jefa roka tsarin "Grad".

Kayan aiki caji inji

A kayan aiki ya hada da sosai caji inji firam ga harkokin sufuri na makamai masu linzami, rammer, crane da kuma hawa trolleys. mai raba kotu, kãmun projectiles za'ayi da mai raba "fika" ga sadarwarka. All ayyukan dosylka bawo, kunna famfo da kuma part-time shirye-shirye suke yi ta atomatik, amma za ka iya hannu gudanar, idan ya cancanta.

Rammer kansa - musamman jagora tare da wani pusher inji, wanda iskõki zagaye da hakkin wuri. Tare da wani sauki da kuma tasiri inji for jeri na afareta da aka kuranye na bukatar da hannu hašawa da shiryarwa da kuma rammer. Duk da makanikai aiki a kan wutar lantarki, tafiyarwa da kuma janareto da su ne gaba daya m, kuma haka ga m aiki ba su da bukatar gudanar da babban mota na na'ura.

used bawo

Ya kamata a lura da cewa mafi yawan lokaci da injiniyoyi kwashe ba zana da shasi, da kuma samar da sabon iri na bawo. Ya kamata a lura cewa da zane aikin tabbatar da zama musamman hayayyafa. Saboda haka, har zuwa 90% -established data aka samu nasarar yi amfani da "Smerch" tsarin raya kasa.

A sakamakon yawa gwaje-gwajen da aka halitta da takwas ko tara manyan iri bawo. A halin yanzu, wasu daga cikinsu ba su yi amfani da matsayin da suke da aka maye gurbinsu da sabon model. Yawancin su suna classified.

Mafi na kowa ne 9M27F dako sanye take da wani al'ada high-m fragmentation warhead. Yana duniya ne, da nufin domin lalata biyu maƙiyi ma'aikata da sulke da motocin. A taro na fashewar ne kawai 49 kg lokacin da dako total nauyi na 180 kg.

Tare da kimanin guda mita amsawa tsarin "Hurricane" alama yana amfani da zargin 9M27K sanye take submunitions sun "cushe" tare da karin abubuwa. Suna da tsananin tasiri a yaki da abokan gaba da dakaru da haske kayan.

Dako kanta Tã yi game da 271 kg, dauke da 30 key abubuwa. Kowace daga cikinsu - a kan 350 sassa karin tare da fashewar. Ko a mita 100 daga fashewa da dako tsage sauƙi hudawa 2mm kama ingancin karfe.

Very kama da wannan cajin 9M27K1 model kuma yana amfani da wani cassette rabo tare da wani jam'i na submunitions. Iyakar abin da bambanci shi ne cewa raba abubuwa (ma game da 30 guda) a lokacin da bugawa da ƙasa kara tsalle a tenfold kara rauni yankin. A musamman, guda sanye take da wani mahara jefa roka tsarin "iskar", aka "iskar."

A haskaka daga cikin hadaddun da real girman kai na zanen kaya ne wani harsashi 9M27K2 tsara don m shigarwa na anti-tanki minefields. Yana amfani da daidaitattun anti-tanki mahakar PTM-1. A daya dako 24 mahakar. Suna tsara don sauki shigarwa na shingen lokacin da kai hare hare maƙiyi tankuna. Hallmark min ne cewa bayan 3.4 hours, suka kai-destruct, wanda ya sa ya yiwu to bari harin nasu tank rabo.

Aƙalla ga wannan manufa da aka ɓullo da 9M27K3. Bambanci shi ne cewa shi ya yi amfani da PFM-1s mahakar an tsara don ya hallaka maƙiyi manpower. A daya dako yana kunshe ne a kan 312 Nakiyoyin. Volley daya na'ura maida hankali ne akan 60 kadada. Dole ne in ce wannan shi ne mai matukar hatsari makami. "Hurricane" ne da yiwuwar m shigarwa cikakken na minefields dama a gaban makiya aikata wani yawa na kyau kwarai da sake dubawa a Afghanistan.

Musamman ga rushe da makiya masu garu tsaron gida abubuwa halitta 9M51 makami mai linzami. The shugaban rabo sanye take da wani ruwa m, aka yi nufi ga thermobaric fashewa. A hasara na wannan tsarin shi ne cewa iyakar da harbe-harben da kewayon bai wuce 13 km.

Shell 9M27C - incendiary. Musamman tsara don kare dangi ne ba kawai makiya manpower, amma kuma wani bangare mai daraja da abu (motoci a hangars, warehouses da kayan aiki).

Kamar yadda za a iya gani, mahara jefa roka tsarin (ga review na daya daga cikinsu da aka gabatar a cikin labarin) za a iya amfani ba kawai don rufe da gindin dakaru ko fasahar a kan Maris, amma kuma don magance karin dabara da kuma dogon lokaci manufofin.

Modern ra'ayoyi da kuma na zamani da tsarin

Kamar yadda muke ta lura, da hadaddun kanta ne kullum ana kyautata, shi ne ci gaban da sabon iri na bawo. Yau, mahara jefa roka tsarin "Hurricane" tsaye m tare da ko da sojojin Yemen, ba a ma maganar abin da tsohon CIS. Ma'aikatar tsaron shekara-shekara kwangilar da wadata da kuma goyon baya daga cikin wadannan tsarin ko'ina cikin duniya, don haka da cewa rashin shahararsa ba daidai ba ce.

A lokaci daya, Ukrainians sha wahala MRL a cikin shasi na KrAZ-6322.

fama da aikace-aikacen

Tare da fashewa yaki a Afghanistan da aka dauke kawai lafiya MRL ya tabbatar da fama yanayi. Bugu da kari, shi ya yi ta amfani da Syria soja da baya a 1980s lokacin da da yawa rikice-rikice da Isra'ila. Wannan tsarin ne akai-akai amfani da mu dakarun da ba bisa doka ba da makamai masu dauke da makamai a Chechnya.

Kamar yadda suka ce kansu da soja, da ta ƙarshe lokacin da mahara jefa roka tsarin na irin wannan da aka yi amfani da yadda ya kamata a lokacin da sananne events in Jojiya a 2008.

Mene ne al'amurra?

Masana suka ce, cewa MLRS "Hurricane" ta yanzu da ɗan m. A dalilin shi ne gaskiya ga irin wannan tabbatarwa, cewa iyakar kewayo na makiya ta shan kashi ne gwada da kananan - kawai 35 km. A wannan "Smerch" riga ya ba 80-90 kilomita.

Amma a nan shi ne wajibi ne don yin wani muhimmin batu. Gaskiyar cewa manufar wadannan tsarin ne har yanzu daban-daban. Ba su zama rude projectiles zamo 200 mm, tare da takwarorinsu a cikin 300 mm. A karshe (ga "Cyclone") ba kawai ya fi girma, amma kuma da yawa wa mutum. Su ne tsayin mita ko haka ta fi ta "Hurricane." Haka kuma, lokacin overcharging da kuma fama tayin bukatar ma fiye da hadaddun.

Amma da "mahaukaciyar guguwa" ne mai kyau madadin zuwa gargajiya dogon zangon-manyan bindigogi. Ko kai-propelled howitzers (as "MSTA-S") da harbe-harben a cikin 13-30 km, da kuma sakamako na bawo ne yawa weaker. MRL ma damar wani musamman gajeren lokaci wajen samar da wata gaske mutuwa tsarin.

Daya baturi (shida motoci), iya lalata da dama sulke bakinka ko "zuriyar" da daruruwan gona wajen kadada na antitank ko anti-ma'aikata mahakai.

Akwai kuma wani ƙari da cewa, gyaran dogon zangon-versions MLRS m daga wani tattalin arziki da ra'ayi, da kuma horo na aiki da daukan mafi lokaci.

Ana kyautata, amsawa tsarin na Salvo wuta "Hurricane" ba kawai saya sabon niyya, da shiriya tsarin a kan manufa, amma kuma za a iya yadda ya kamata hulɗa tare da UAV. A halin yanzu, da Rasha m sojojin hada da more kuma mafi unmanned m motocin, don haka da cewa wannan yiwuwar ne haƙĩƙa, ba superfluous.

A takaice, wadannan tsarin har yanzu yalwa da dama.