Wa ya kashe Lenin? A ranar mutuwar Lenin. Kwanan wata haihuwa da mutuwa da Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin wani Rasha dattaku da kuma siyasa, ya kafa na Soviet jihar da kuma na jam'iyyar kwaminis. A karkashin ya jagoranci, da aka gudanar Oktoba juyin juya halin. Kwanan wata haihuwa da mutuwa da shugaban na Lenin - 1870, Afrilu 22, 1924 da kuma 21 ga watan Janairu bi da bi.

Siyasa da kuma jihar aiki

A 1917, bayan da ya dawo a Petrograd, shugaban na proletariat jagoranci Oktoba tawaye. A na biyu Congress of Soviets, ya kuma an zabe shugaban SNK (Council of jama'ar kasar Commissars) da kuma Majalisar na baƙauye da kuma aiki tsaron gida. Bolshevik shugaban ya memba na tsakiya kwamitin zartarwa. Tun 1918, Lenin zauna a Moscow. A ƙarshe na Brest zaman lafiya shugaban na proletariat taka muhimmiyar rawa. Tun 1922 ya siyasa aiki da aka katse saboda tsanani da rashin lafiya. Haife Lenin da kuma siyasa na mutuwa, godiya ga ƙwazo aiki, zama tarihi.

Events a 1918

A 1918, 30 ga watan Agusta, fara wani juyin mulki. Trotsky a wancan lokacin, a birnin Moscow ya nan - ya kasance a kan Eastern Front, a Kazan. Dzerzhinsky aka tilasta su bar babban birnin dangane da kisan Uritsky. A Moscow, akwai wani mai siga halin da ake ciki. Sahabbai da kuma abokai nace cewa Lenin bai je ko ina, bai halarci taron ba da wani events. Amma shugaba daga cikin Bolsheviks ki karya da kullum da jawabai na shugabannin yankin hukumomi. Yana da aka shirya yi magana a Basmanny gundumar, da kan hatsi kasuwar. Bisa ga memoirs na sakataren District kwamitin gundumar Yampolsky, Lenin Guard da aka neme Szablowski, wanda aka sa'an nan za'ayi Vladimira Ilicha zuwa Zamoskvorechye. Duk da haka, domin biyu ko uku sa'o'i kafin fara taron an sanar da cewa, samarwa yi ba shine shugaban. Amma shugaba a cikin Masara Exchange tukuna isa. Kiyayewa da shi, a matsayin sa ran, Shablovsky. Amma shuka Michelson kariya ba.

Wa ya kashe Lenin?

Kaplan (Fanny Efimovna) ya kasance mai yi na yunkurin kisan gillar da shugaba. Tun farkon 1918, shi ya rayayye hada kai tare da Dama Socialist-yunkuri, da suke nan a wasan kusa da doka matsayi. Don shugaba na proletariat wasanni wuri Kaplan kawo a gaba. Na harba shi daga kusan a abutment browning. All uku harsasai kora daga makami buga da Lenin. Halarta da kisan gillar da aka direba na shugaban - Gil. Ya ce bai ga Kaplan a cikin duhu, da kuma lokacin da na ji da Shots, la'akari da matsayin wasu kafofin, da kansa da kuma bai harba baya. Daga baya, cire tuhuma daga kansa, Gil ce a lokacin tambaya cewa, bayan jawabin da shugaban a cikin factory yadi daga taron na ma'aikata. Wannan shi ne abin da ya hana shi zuwa bude wuta. Lenin aka raunata, amma ba a kashe. Daga bisani, bisa ga tarihi shaidun, singer yunkurin da aka harbe da kuma ta jiki ƙone.

Tabarbarewar kiwon lafiya na shugaba, motsi a Gorki

A 1922, a watan Maris, Vladimir Ilyich fara quite m seizures tare da asarar sani. A shekara, a gefen dama na jiki ya ci gaba inna da kuma jawabin hasãra. Duk da haka, duk da irin wannan tsanani yanayin, likitoci fatan inganta halin da ake ciki. A May 1923, Lenin an koma Gorki. A nan, jihar ya kiwon lafiya ya inganta markedly. A watan Oktoba, sai aka tambayi dauki shi zuwa Moscow. Duk da haka, ya zauna a cikin babban birnin kasar domin dogon. By hunturu, da shugaban na Bolshevik jihar shi ne mafi alhẽri haka ya fara kokarin rubuta da hannunsa na hagu, da kuma a lokacin Kirsimeti itatuwa a watan Disamba, da yamma ciyar da yara.

Events kwanaki na ƙarshe kafin mutuwar shugaba

Kamar yadda ya shaida Commissar na Health Semashko, kwanaki biyu kafin mutuwa na Vladimir Ilyich tafi farauta. Wannan ya tabbatar da Krupskaya. Ta ce cewa a kan Hauwa'u na Lenin da aka a cikin dazuzzuka, amma, a fili, gaji mugun. Lokacin da Vladimir Ilyich yana zaune a kan baranda, ya kasance kodadde, da kuma kiyaye yin barci a kujera. A cikin 'yan watanni, ya ba barci a lokacin da rana. A 'yan kwanaki kafin mutuwa Krupskaya ya riga ya ji m da wani abu mai tsanani. View daga shugaban ya gaji da gajiya. Ya sosai kodadde, kuma idanunsa, ya ambaci Nadezhda, ya daban-daban. Amma, duk da damuwa sakonni, 21 ga watan Janairu aka shirya tafiya zuwa farauta. A cewar likitoci, duk yayin da ya ci gaba da ci gaba sclerosis tasoshin na kwakwalwa, don haka da cewa "rufe" daya bayan da wasu sassa na kwakwalwa.

ranar ƙarshe

Farfesa Osipov, wanda bi da Lenin ya bayyana wannan rana, yana tabbatar wa janar malaise na shugaban. 20th rana ya yi wani matalauci ci, yanayi ya languid. A wannan rana, bai so a magance. A karshen ranar Lenin aka sa wa gado. Ya aka nada a matsayin m rage cin abinci. Yana da wani Jihar lethargy aka lura da kuma gobe, da siyasa zauna a gado for hudu. Na ziyarci shi da safe, da yamma da kuma da yamma hours. A lokacin da rana akwai wani ci, da shugaban ya ba da broth. By karfe shida riba ailments lura, akwai cramps a kafafu da makamai, wani dan siyasa rasa sani. The likita da shawara cewa, da dama reshe ya sosai siga - ba shi yiwuwa tanƙwara da kafa a gwiwa. Jerky ƙungiyoyi da aka lura a gefen hagu na jiki. Shige tare da ƙara zuciya da kuma numfashi quickening. Yawan breaths kusata 36, da kuma zuciya an rage a wani kudi na 120-130 lashe minti daya. A lokaci guda akwai wani sosai ominous ãyã, shi ne a take hakkin da daidai numfashi kari. Wannan irin kwakwalwa numfasawa ne mai hadarin gaske da kuma kusan ko da yaushe nuni da m azãba. Bayan wani lokaci, da yanayin da ya stabilized ɗan. The adadin numfashi motsi da aka rage zuwa 26, da kuma bugun jini - to 90 lashe minti daya. Lenin ta yanayin jiki a wannan lokaci ya 42.3 digiri. Irin wannan karuwa sa a ci gaba da convulsive jihar, wanda a hankali ya fara Wane. Physicians karfe ciyad da wasu bege ga daidaita yanayin da m sakamako kãmun. Duk da haka, a 18,50 zuwa Lenin ta fuskar abruptly fatattaki, shi ya ja, shi ne m. Sai manyan dauki mai zurfi numfashi, da kuma a cikin na gaba lokacin - mutu. Bayan da CPR aka amfani. Koma Vladimira Ilicha rayuwa, likitoci sun yi kokarin for minti 25, amma duk jan kasance m. Ya mutu daga zuciya da kuma gazawar numfashi.

Da asiri na mutuwar Lenin

An hukuma likita rahoton, an bayyana cewa, shugaban cigaban tartsatsi atherosclerosis na kwakwalwa tasoshin. A daya batu, saboda Sistem sakulasan cuta da kuma hemorrhages a cikin m harsashi Lenin mutu. Duk da haka, wasu masana tarihi yi imani da cewa kisan da aka Lenin, wato ya aka guba. Jihar shugaban tsananta sannu a hankali. A matsayin tarihi Lurie nuna Lenin a 1921, ya sha wahala a bugun jini, da barin gefen dama na jiki, yana shanyayye. Duk da haka, ta 1924 ya ya iya warke haka da cewa ya ya iya tafiya a kan farauta. Winters neurologist, ya yi nazarin a daki-daki, da tarihi da cutar, ko da ya shaida cewa, 'yan sa'o'i kafin mutuwar shugaba ya kasance mai aiki da kuma ko da magana. Jimawa kafin m karshen faru da dama seizures. Amma bisa ga neurologist, shi ne kawai wata alama ce ta bugun jini - wadannan cututtuka su ne na hali na wannan pathological yanayin. Duk da haka, wannan ba kawai, kuma ba sosai a cikin cuta. Saboda haka me ya sa Lenin mutu? Bisa ga cikar toxicological jarrabawa, wanda aka gudanar a lokacin autopsy, burbushi da aka samu a jikin shugaban na mai guba abubuwa. A wannan hasashe, masana sun ƙarasa da cewa sanadin mutuwar shi guba.

versions na masu bincike

Idan shugaba ya guba, sa'an nan wanda ya kashe Lenin? Bayan wani lokaci ya fara sa a gaba daban-daban version. The main "wadanda ake zargi" ya Stalin. A cewar masana tarihi, shi ne ya more fiye da kowa zai amfana daga mutuwa na shugaban. Iosif Stalin ya nema ya zama shugaban kasar, da kuma kawai don kawar da Vladimira Ilicha iya cimma wannan. A cewar wani version of wanda ya kashe Lenin, Trotsky tuhuma fadi a kan. Duk da haka, wannan ƙarshe shi ne akalla plausible. Wasu masu tarihi ne na ra'ayin cewa kisan na abokin ciniki shi ne har yanzu Stalin. Duk da cewa Lenin da Stalin suka abõkan haɗinsu, da farko ya yi gāba da nada na biyu shugaban kasar. A wannan mahallin, farga da hatsarin, Lenin, a kan Hauwa'u na da mutuwar, kokarin gina wani dabara ƙawance da Trotsky. A mutuwa na shugaban Iosifu Stalinu tabbatar da wani cikakken iko. A cikin shekara da mutuwar Lenin ya mai yawa siyasa da suka faru. Bayan mutuwarsa fara da garambawul a cikin management naúrar. Mutane da yawa Figures an shafe Stalin. New mutane kuwa suka tafi su wuri.

Kamar yadda wasu malamai

Lenin mutu, alhãli kuwa a tsakiyar shekaru (yadda shekaru masu yawa Lenin ya rasu, shi ne mai sauki count). Masana kimiyya sun ce ganuwar cerebral jini na shugaban da ya da shekaru 53 sun kasa m fiye da wajibi ne. Duk da haka, da dalilai kasance m halaka a cikin kwakwalwa kyallen takarda. Makasudin sa dalilai domin wannan ya ba: Vladimir Ilyich matasa ishe shi kuma bai dauki hadarin da irin wannan Pathology. Bugu da kari, da siyasa ba hayaki kansa, kuma bai ba da damar Club masa. Ya ba su da wani kiba ko ciwon sukari. Vladimir Ilyich ba su sha wahala daga hauhawar jini ko wasu cardiac pathologies. Bayan rasuwar shugaba, akwai jita-jita cewa jikinsa da aka buga da syphilis, amma shaida ga wannan da aka samu. Wasu masana magana game da gadar hali. Kamar yadda aka sani, ranar mutuwar Lenin - Janairu 21, 1924-th. Ya rayu a shekara kasa da mahaifinsa, wanda ya mutu yana da shekaru 54 da shekaru. Vladimir Ilyich iya samun predisposition zuwa jijiyoyin bugun gini Pathology. Bugu da kari, jam'iyyar shugaban ya a Jihar danniya ne kusan m. An sau da yawa ya bi tsoro ga rayuwarsa. Tashin hankali ya fi isa a cikin matasa da kuma a adulthood.

Events bayan mutuwar shugaban

M bayani game da wanda ya kashe Lenin, babu. Duk da haka, Trotsky, a daya daga cikin articles da'awa sun guba da shugaba Stalin. A takaice, ya rubuta cewa th Fabrairu 1923, a lokacin wani taro na Politburo, Stalin ce cewa Vladimir Ilyich gaggawa na bukatar shi zuwa kanka. Lenin ya nemi guba. The shugaban sake fara rasa ikon yin magana, ya dauke halin da ake ciki m. Ya ba su yi imani da likitoci, ya sha wahala, amma don kula da tsabta da tunani. Stalin ya ce Trotsky, Vladimir Ilyich gaji sha wahala kuma yake so ya kawo wani guba cewa, a lokacin da shi ya zama cikakken numfashi ba, don kawo karshen shi duka. Duk da haka, Trotsky ya kaucewa a kan (a cikin wani hali, sai ya ce a lokacin). Wannan episode ne tabbatarwa - Lenin Sakataren ya ce da ni game da wannan yanayin, da marubuci Beck. Trotsky jãyayya da cewa a cikin nasa kalmomi, Stalin kokarin samar da wani alibi, tun yanke shawarar a zahiri guba da shugaba.

A 'yan facts su ɓãta cewa shugaban na proletariat aka guba

Wasu masana tarihi yi imani da cewa mafi yawan abin dogara bayanai a cikin aikin hukuma ƙarshe na likitoci ne ranar mutuwar Lenin. wani autopsy aka za'ayi a yarda da zama dole yarjejeniya. Dauki kula da babban sakataren - Stalin. A lokacin autopsy, da likitocin da aka ba neman guba. Amma idan na sami basira masana, shi ne wata ila za su sa a gaba da version na kunar bakin wake. An zaci cewa guba Stalin har yanzu bai samu shugaba. In ba haka ba, bayan mutuwar Lenin ta gaje zai hallaka duka shaidu da mutanen da suke kusa da Ilyich cewa akwai ba da wata alama. Bugu da kari, a lokacin mutuwar shugaban proletariat ya kusan m. A likitoci ba forecast gagarumin ci, don haka yiwuwar kiwon lafiya dawo ya kasance kananan.

Babu hujjar guba

Ya kamata, duk da haka, cewa ya yi version bisa ga abin da Lenin mutu daga cikin guba, yana da yawa magoya bayan. Akwai ma wani yawan facts shaida wannan daga. Alal misali, marubuci Soloviev kishin wannan batu mai yawa shafukan. A musamman, a cikin littafin "Operation kabarin" Trotsky ta muhawara marubucin ya yarda da yawan muhawara:

1. Autopsy fara tare da wani bata lokaci ba na 16 hours da minti 20.
2. By cikar akwai wani sa hannu na daya daga cikin likitoci - na sirri likita na Trotsky da shugaban kansa - Guetera. A gwani ake magana a kai cikin miyagun bangaskiya cikin autopsy.
3. Daga cikin masana sun ba pathologists.
4. Ba aka za'ayi sinadaran bincike na ciki abinda ke ciki.
5. Muhimmanci gabobin, ciki har da zuciya, huhu kasance a mai kyau yanayin. Kamar wancan ciki ganuwar da aka lalata.

Akwai kuma shaidar likita Gavriila Volkova. Zan iya cewa, wannan likita da aka kama jim kadan bayan da shugaban ta mutuwa. Duk da yake a kurkuku, Volkov gaya Elizabeth Lesotho - ya cellmate - da ya faru da safe a ranar 21 ga watan Janairu. Likita ya kawo Lenin a 11 karfe abincin rana. Vladimir Ilyich ya a gado, kuma gan Volkov, kokarin zauna har da gudanar fitar ta makamai zuwa gare shi. Duk da haka, da dakarun bar siyasa, kuma ya fadi a kan matasan kai a sake. A wannan yanayin, bayanin kula daga hannun fadi. Wolves gudanar ya boye shi kafin likita zo a kuma yi soothing Yelistratov harbi. Lenin mutu saukar, rufe idanunsa, kamar yadda ya juya waje har abada. Kuma da yamma, a lokacin da Lenin sun mutu, Volkov ya iya karanta rubutu. A da shi da shugaban ya rubuta cewa ya aka guba. Solovyov ce cewa siyasa aka guba naman kaza miya, wanda ya samu halartar wani m naman kaza Dried cortinarius ciosissimus, sa m mutuwar Lenin. A gwagwarmayar ikon bayan da shugaban ya mutu bai m. Stalin samu cikakken iko da kuma ya zama shugaban kasar, cire duk maras so mutane zuwa gare shi. Shekara haihuwa da mutuwa da Lenin ga Soviet mutanen da suka zama abin tunawa na dogon lokaci.