Rashin fasinjoji: ka'idar aiki, gwadawa. Koyar da makomar

Masana kimiyya sun dade daɗewa da cewa don ƙara yawan gudunmawar kowane motar, dole ne a rage yawan karfi da karfi kamar yadda ya kamata. Bisa ga wannan ka'ida, jirgin saman sararin sama ya tashi wanda zai iya tafiya cikin sarari na tsawon lokaci ba tare da juriya ba. Wannan alama ce da ke biye da aikin, wanda aka sani da "jirgin motsi na nan gaba".

Tsawon gaggawa

A mafi nasara na masana kimiyya a filin daga high-gudun ƙasa ƙungiyoyi, kamar yadda yake a yau dauke da Magnetic levitation. Magnetic levitation jiragen kasa da aka gwada a Japan, da Ingila da kuma Jamus baya a cikin seventies na karshe karni. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da wannan hanyar sufuri a wasu ƙasashe. A wannan yanayin, sabili da rage yawan ƙaddamarwa, gudu na 500 km / h an tabbatar. Bugu da ƙari kuma, irin stock ne sosai tattali, muhalli tsarki da kuma low amo. A daidai wannan lokacin, ya kamata a lura cewa karuwa a cikin gudun motsa jiki yana haifar da karuwa a yanayin juriya. Masana kimiyya sun bada shawarar irin wannan tsari don ƙirƙirar jirgin motsi. Manufar aikinsa shi ne cewa hanya dole ne ta shiga cikin bututu tare da iska mai kwashe, don haka duk wa] annan ma'abota juriya sun rasa.

Ana fitowa da ra'ayin motsin hawa

Manufar gina gine-ginen mai-zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa na Atlantic don samar da kayayyaki daga Turai zuwa Amurka kuma a gaba daya shugabanci ya fara bayyana a Amurka a cikin shekarun da suka gabata na karni na karshe. Bisa ga manufar, an tsara shi don gina tarin ruwa a cikin teku a cikin zurfin rabin kilomita, hanyar sufuri a ciki wanda za'a yi saboda mahaukaci suna motsawa a kan matakan kwakwalwa. Sai kawai a cikin aikin injiniya na Amurka a shekarar 1999, Dariel Oster ya gudanar da wani takardar izini na fasaha na motsi na lantarki, wanda ya ba da sabuwar tasiri ga ci gaban su.

Ayyukan Oster

A cewar Oster, wajibi ne ya kamata ya zama magunguna biyu na sama (don motsi a wurare daban-daban), kowannensu ya kai 150 cm a diamita.Da an ɗauka cewa a cikin matsurorin sufuri za su zamewa a kan fitarwa. Riguninsu ya kai 130 cm, kuma tsawon shine 490 cm. Masu fasinjoji shida zasu iya ɗauka a cikin tukunyar motsi a lokaci guda tare da kaya mai auna har zuwa 370 kg.

Injin motar motar Oster zai kunshi nau'i na farko (tube-motsi na hanya) da kuma sakandare (jiki na capsule da aka yi da wani allurar ferromagnetic) na abubuwa. Ƙaramar izini tsakanin su tana ba da damar yin amfani da motar mai linzami na asynchronous. A cikin wararru kanta, kawai kuna buƙatar shigar da dakatarwar lantarki don samar da levitation mai kwakwalwa, tsarin gyaggyarawar iska, wuraren zama da kuma batir bidiyo da aka tsara domin windows da kuma televisions. Tun da motsi na capsule zai faru tare da kadan ko babu juriya, wani ɓangare mai yawa na makamashi da aka kashe a yayin hawan gaggawa za'a iya dawowa lokacin braking. Babban mahimmanci game da wannan aikin shi ne cewa jirgin karkashin motar motar dole ne ya motsa tare da hanya madaidaiciya. In ba haka ba, zaɓaɓɓun zaɓen za su rama domin ƙarfin centrifugal a sasanninta.

Ayyukan Swiss

Wasu kamfanoni irin su daga Switzerland sun fara samuwa a shekarar 1974. Su aikin ya sauka a tarihin karkashin sunan Swissmetro. Bisa ga ma'anar, mahimman hanyoyi a kan matakan jigilar kwakwalwa sun yi gudu a sauri har zuwa 500 km / h. An tsara jirgin motar jirgin ruwa na Switzerland na gaba don haɗa manyan biranen jihar (Bern, Zurich, Geneva, Lausanne da Basel). A wannan yanayin an tsara shi don yin amfani da bututu mai kimanin diamita 180 cm da kuma tamanin takwas wajan keken jirage. Har zuwa yau, yana da wuya a yi hukunci game da wasu halaye, saboda aikin ba a yi aiki ba har ƙarshen. A shekarar 2009, gwamnati ta ƙi wannan ra'ayin.

Harshen Ingila na gaba

'Yan Ingila na Ingila a shekarar 2002 sun koma aikin samar da jirgin motsi. Su da tsare-tsaren ne kawai grand, saboda ir nufin haifar da wata cibiyar sadarwa da za su maye gurbin dogo da kuma hanya kai. Don yin wannan, wajibi ne don gina cikakken yanar gizo na tuwoki a ko'ina cikin ƙasar. A wannan yanayin, za a shirya capsules don iyakar fasinjoji guda biyu da ke cikin matsayi. Ba kamar ayyukan da suka gabata ba, a nan ne ya kamata a yi tafiya tare da raƙuman ruwa a cikin raƙumi har zuwa 420 km / h. Ana amfani da motar lantarki wanda yake kan kayan aiki daga wutar lantarki. Ƙari mai mahimmanci, wanda ke da jirgin motsi na Turanci, bisa ga masu haɓakawa, an haɗa shi da farashin makamashi mai girma don tafiyar da fasinja guda, idan aka kwatanta da ayyukan da suka gabata. A gefe guda kuma, basirarsa ita ce ƙananan kudin gina ginin cibiyar sadarwa.

Shirin Harkokin Halitta

Ayyukan da suka fi dacewa sun kasance kamar jirgin kasa na gaba, wanda ake kira Hyperloop. Manufar halittarta a shekarar 2012 an gabatar da shi daga mai ba da labari na Amurka Elon Mask. Da farko, ana kiran wannan aikin ne a karo na biyar na sufuri, amma har yanzu ba a tattauna kan talabijin ba. Bayan da aka sani game da shirin gwamnati na gina haɗin gine-gine mai sauri tsakanin Los Angeles da San Francisco, dan kasuwa ya ɗauki aiwatar da manufofinsa. Shirin na Hyperloop shi ne mai da'irar ruwa na ƙasa wanda jirgin motsa jiki zai iya tafiya a hanyoyi daga 400 zuwa 1,220 km / h. A watan Agusta 2013, an gabatar da ra'ayin a gaban jama'a a cikin gabatarwa na shafuka 58.

Mahimmin aiki

Babbar ma'anar shirin Hyperloop shi ne inganta yawan kuɗi na samar da hanyar sadarwa na pipes da kuma kara aiki. A wannan haɗin, an dogara ne akan irin wannan samfurin kamar jirgin motsi. A Amurka, bisa ga mai ƙirƙirar, wajibi ne a gina cibiyar sadarwa na hanyoyi masu daidaitawa wanda zasu haɗa a ƙarshen hanyoyin. Don ƙirƙirar wuri a cikinsu da kuma kula da shi, isasshen bututu na karfe 25 mm lokacin farin ciki da farashinsa tare da ƙaramin iko. A ciki, Mashigin Elon yana nuna gudu a matashi har zuwa mita 30. Mai ciniki na farko yana so ya haɗa juna da San Francisco da Los Angeles.

Bisa ga mai tanada, ba zai yiwu ya haifar da cikakkiyar ɗakin a cikin bututu ba. A wannan yanayin, za a aika da yawan iska a ƙarƙashin ƙasa mai jujjuyawa ta hanyar ƙananan buƙatu a cikin baka. Wannan zai haifar da wani matashi na iska da kuma ajiye babba kudi da ake bukata domin aiwatar da electromagnet. Don yin amfani da injin, wanda za'a sa motsi a motsi, za'a sanya madogara na tsawon mita 15 a kowace bene na kogin kowane kilomita 110.

Bambancin tsarin aiki

Wannan gabatarwa yayi hulɗa da fasinja da fasinja-sufuri na tsarin. A cikin akwati na farko, an ba da shawarar gina wani bututu da diamita 2.23 m. Rashin jirgin motar da ke hawa a ciki zai iya kai har zuwa fasinjoji 28 don tafiya daya. Hanya na biyu ya haɗa da amfani da bututun mai, diamita daga cikinsu shine 3.3 m. A wannan yanayin, a kowane ɗigon ruwa, zai yiwu a buƙatar ɗaukar motoci uku a kowace. Ya kamata a lura cewa a cewar aikin Masaukin Elon, tashi daga jiragen sama zai faru kowane rabin minti daya.

Yanayin tattalin arziki da gwaji

Za'a iya kiran aikin Hyperloop sosai tasiri. Masu haɓakawa zasu cika cikakkun bukatunta a sakamakon yawan hasken rana da iska. Dukan dukiyar da suke da ita sun yi shirin sayar, suna samun kimanin dala miliyan 25 a kowace shekara. A cewar Masarar Elon, tafiya zuwa gefe ɗaya zai kasance kimanin dala 20. A wannan yanayin, aikin zai biya a cikin shekaru ashirin.

An fara gwajin farko na jirgin motar a Mayu 2016. A karshen wannan, an gina wurin gwaji na musamman a cikin hamada kusa da Las Vegas. Kayan da taimakon na'urorin lantarki sun fara zuwa alamar 180 km / h, bayan haka ya tsaya a hankali.

Tsaro

Musamman a hankali masu bunkasa sunyi nasara. Hanyoyin motsi ba su shawo kan fasinjoji. Bisa ga jin dadi, hanzarta ba za ta bambanta da gudu daga jirgin sama ba kafin ya tafi, kuma ya cigaba da zama - ba shiru ba kuma babu matsala. Elon Musk ce da injin jirgin ba zai iya derail ko fada daga tsawo, don haka ya kamata a dauke a matsayin daya daga cikin safest halaye na sufuri. A yayin da ake yin amfani da wutar lantarki a cikin kambura, ana ba da batura, wadatar da abin ya isa don tanadin fasinjoji na minti 45, a wasu kalmomi - don dukan hanya. A ƙarshe, mafi yawan mutane suna kwantar da hankula game da tafiya a kan jiragen sama, duk da cewa hanyar ceto idan akwai wani bala'i a cikinsu suna da shakka.

Ƙarshe

Halittar jirgin motsa jiki, babu shakka, yana buƙatar matakan kudi. Bugu da ƙari, kafin a aiwatar da wannan aikin, dole ne a warware matsaloli masu yawa. Duk da haka, a zamaninmu, la'akari da ci gaba da bunkasa fasaha, yiwuwar aiwatar da wannan kamfani ba shi da tsinkaya kamar 'yan shekaru goma sha biyu da suka wuce. A wannan bangaren, kada ayi abin mamaki ba a lokacin da jiragen da suke da sauri fiye da jirgin sama na yau da kullum zasu yi amfani da su don daukar nauyin fasinjoji da kaya.