Project management - menene wannan? Ribobi da fursunoni

Project management - shi ne wani muhimmin kashi na wani zamani management system a Rasha. Mutane da yawa cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje da kamfanoni, yana amfani da aikin gudanarwa da inganta ingancin samfurori da kuma ayyuka da cewa rage halin kaka, da karuwa da riba. Mene ne aikin management da kuma abin da suke ta main abũbuwan amfãni?

Mene ne aikin?

A ra'ayi na "aikin" za a iya fassara sosai daban. Na farko zaži unshi da definition na aikin a matsayin sa na takardun, bisa ga abin da zai yiwu gina wani gini ko tsari. A wannan labarin, za mu yi magana game da biyu ma'anar kalmar "aikin".

Definition na aikin sosai, ko da yake su duk yarda a kan abu daya: da aikin - wani ra'ayin, wanda yana nuna aiwatar da takamaiman kudi manufofin a cikin wata iyaka lokaci. A wannan yanayin, kira babban fasali na aikin:

• Bambancinsa (aikin - wannan shi ne abin da aka fara halitta).
• lokaci da iyaka (da aikin da ya ko da yaushe ba da lokaci na da aiwatar).
• Mayar da hankali (da daftarin aka yaushe za'ayi domin takamaiman ayyuka, bayyana, a matsayin mai mulkin, a gwada yawa ji naúrar).

Idan duk uku yanayi, da ayyuka na hadaddun iya kira da aikin.

Shirin da kuma aikin mukamai

Ayyukan da ake sau da yawa a hade a cikin shirye-shirye da kuma mukamai. A shirin ne da ake kira sa na ayyukan da cewa raba na kowa burin. Alal misali, a shirin inganta harkar ilmi iya hada ayyukan tada albashi ga malaman da 20%, da gina 15 sababbin makarantu, da saki na 26 sabon litattafan a cikin zuciyar batutuwa.

The fayil hadawa da ayyukan] a] en daga wata guda source, ko da kuwa su ɗawainiya. Saboda haka, cikin fayil na N iya hada ayyukan na zakka, domin gina wani sabon kamfanoni ofishin, don bikin ranar tunawa da gudanarwa da kuma kara shekara-shekara yawa da 10%.

Mukamai na ayyukan da shirye-shirye dole ne ma su mallaki sama-aka bayyana uku na asali halaye.

A ka'idodi na aikin management

A ra'ayi na hanzari gwamnatin fasahar kasuwa, don tallafa a management tsari, shi ne wuya don suna takamaiman hanyoyin, cikakken kwatanta aikin management.

Project Management hada da wani iri-iri na ta kusance da kuma kayayyakin aiki da kuma dogara ne a kan wadannan ka'idodin:

• Mayar da hankali a kan sakamakon. Wannan ka'ida da aka ayyana ta da darajar da Kalmar "aikin". Project management - shi ne ba kawai wani quality management aka mayar da hankali sa na m ayyukan.
• Ka'idar "aikin alwatika". Lokacin da gudanar da aikin da ya kamata a shiryar da karin dogaro da juna na: lokaci, kasafin kudin, ingancin aikin. Canza daya daga cikin abubuwan da suke kai wa ga wani canji a cikin wasu, yin su son jam'iyyun na alwatika.
• Lissafin kudi don aikin rai sake zagayowar. Project rai sake zagayowar fara da samuwar da ra'ayin samar da wani shiri da kuma ƙare a lokacin da karewa na lokaci lokaci a cikin aikin. The aikin rai sake zagayowar ana kammala a farkon samfurin rayuwar sake zagayowar, halitta a sakamakon aikin.
• Tsari tsarin kula da management. Wannan manufa shafi na kimantawa da aikin a matsayin sa na tafiyar matakai, interconnected da kuma kawo karshen subtotals a cikin nau'i na Semi-ƙãre kayayyakin ko muhimmanci takardun. Wannan dabarar damar domin kula da aikin ba tare da abin da ake kira "makafi aibobi."

Ihisani na aikin mahalarta

Karfafa aikin mahalarta yawanci ba musamman da hankali a lokacin da aikin management zaba domin takamaiman ayyuka. Project management yawanci hada ri, kuma ko iskar motivational sunadaran.

Domin kudi ihisani hada da kari, bugun fanareti, surcharges for farkon cikar matsakaici hari.

Ko iskar dalili dabaru hada horo haruffa da kuma kyautai a cikin nau'i na lokacin kashe, kazalika da kirkirar na gasar a tsakanin mahalarta a cikin aikin a matsayin wani ɓangare na Competition.

Basic aikin management, saukarwa

Project management faruwa a kan matakai na aikin rai sake zagayowar manzilõli, kuma haduwar management. Musayar saukarwa da kuma bulan ba a tebur a kasa.

Saboda haka, filin na aikin management hada da kudi, mutum, tsarin duniyoyin daga cikin kungiyar.

A aikace-aikace na aikin management

Project management tsarin hada da wani partitioning dukkan ayyukan kungiyar domin gudanar da ayyukan da kuma lokaci-daure hari. A lokaci guda suka kafa wata tawagar ga kowane aikin da wata tawagar da aikin manajoji, wanda rahoton da shugaban aiwatar da aikin.

A dangane da wannan aikin management mafi yawa ana amfani da kungiyoyi daban-daban na masana'antu da kuma masu girma dabam, tare da fadi da kewayon lokaci guda za'ayi umarni. Duk da haka, a cikin wani karamin kasuwanci ya shafi aikin management domin takamaiman ayyuka a kan zamani na samar da ko, misali, da bullo da wani sabon samfurin.

Project management a yi masana'antu

A yi masana'antu yana da muhimmanci musamman aikace-aikace na hanya na aikin management. A kamfanonin tsunduma a cikin abokin ciniki ko dan kwangila ayyuka, aikin management yana amfani da wata halitta rabo daga aiki a kan ayyukan (na samfurin manufa, cewa shi ne, da gine-gine na kowane gini - mai raba aikin), kuma a saman management tsarin bukatar kusan babu tsanani maimaitawa.

aikin management na kungiyar kuma sau da yawa da za'ayi a karkashin aikin manufa, nasarar yin amfani da riga kafa kungiyoyin na zane-zane a matsayin aikin tawagar.

Project management a gwamnatin

Project management a gwamnatin - a gwada sabon Trend na yau. Shirin-manufa Hanyar management, kunno kai daga Soviet lokaci, yanzu ya samu wani nau'i na aiki management a fadin kasar. Yanzu don magance dabarun aiki ga jihar amfani da shirin, ciki har da mutum ayyukan da hari da kuma deadlines. Duk da haka, da sosai management hanya irin wannan shirin ne kamiltattu kuma bukatar zamani da kuma gyara.

Experience a aiwatar da aikin gudanarwa a cikin Belgorod yankin

Project shugabanci da aka tabbatar a duniya. A Rasha, duk da haka, yana da kwarewa a cikin aikace-aikace na wannan fasahar a cikin Belgorod yankin.

Wannan babban-sikelin gwaji ya shafi kusan dukan fannoni na aikin farar hula a cikin Belgorod yankin. Daga cikin babban abubuwa - da Ilimi aikin management, ƙungiya da methodological support, filin dubawa, dalili, kima na iyawa da ma'aikata, gwani kwamitocin review ayyukan.

Project management na Belgorod yankin a yanzu ya hada da na gama jikin aikin management:

• Interdepartmental Hukumar daukawa fitar aikin management ayyuka.
• Industry gwani hukumar yanke shawarar a kan bude / rufe na ayyukan.
• Regional Project Office, na sa ido yarda da hanya na aiki management.

Ka'idar "daya taga"

Yana da yake a cikin tsarin na miƙa mulki ga Project management Belgorod yankin da baya a 2010 ya tafi domin amincewa da zuba jari ayyukan ta "guda taga" tsarin, da sanannun yanzu a Moscow. Rawar da taga kawai cika daya daga cikin sabon gabatar da sabis - Regional aikin ofishin. Yanzu, daidai da daya ga watan daga ranar magani a cikin aikin ofishin kasuwanci mahaluži sami wani daftarin aiki a kan daidaituwa.

Sarrafa kansa Information System "Project Management"

Bayani da kuma goyon bayan sana'a na aikin management a cikin Belgorod yankin ne da za'ayi ta hanyar da sarrafa kansa bayanai tsarin (AIS) "Project Management". Wannan shafin yanar-aikace-aikace cewa ba ya bukatar shigarwa na ƙarin software da kuma aikin da wadannan ayyuka domin gudanar da ayyukan, shirye-shirye da kuma mukamai:

• Tsayawa da rajista (database).
• Tanadi.
• Budgeting.
• Saka idanu akan aiwatar da yankin da kuma na birni matakan.
• Rarraba iko da umurnin alhakin.
• Canja abinda ke ciki.
• gargadi tsarin for mai zuwa events da kuma abin da ke faruwa a kan ayyukan.
• Aikace-aikace.
• Sarrafa kansa hikimar tantance rahoto.
• Hadewa da e-Gwamnatin Belgorod yankin.

Amfani ko rashin amfani aikin management

Aka bayyana da gwaninta na aiwatar da aikin gudanarwa a cikin Belgorod yankin ya yi nasara. The sakamako daga cikin wadannan canje-canje da aka bayyana da farko a cikin karuwa a cikin kudi na girma na babban yankin samfurin da 0.1% (fiye da 3 biliyan. Rubles), Munã rage lokacin ciyar a kan daidaituwa na ayyukan (da 2 watanni da aikin) da kuma kara saurin ci gaban zuba jari a cikin yankin da 23 %. Duk da haka, mafi muhimmanci sakamakon - shi ne samuwar zane tunani a ma'aikata wanda ake rayayye kokarin bincika da kuma magance matsalar, wani lokacin unconventional, m hanyoyi.

Motivation da kuma sake fasalin kudin na management tsarin bada kyau sakamako ba kawai ga aikin farar hula, amma kuma ga kasuwanci, samar da wani m zuba jarurruka da kuma cire shingen zuwa kasuwanci.

A yankin ta yawan yanzu ana da hannu a zabin da kuma saka idanu na aiwatar da muhimmanci dabarun ayyukan. Domin mutane aikin management - shi ne ikon amfani da sabis na high quality, kuma high motsi.

Duk da haka, duk da dukan abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin aikin management tsarin, akwai raunin da wannan m.

A farko wuri, da tsaka lokaci. Yana daukan lokaci zuwa load da aikin tawagar yi ta aiki a matsayin mai jituwa inji.

Abu na biyu, da gabatarwar aikin management a cikin sha'anin, to sami mai kyau aikin sarrafa iya yi jinkiri. Domin sirri da kuma sana'a halaye na aikin sarrafa sosai high bukatun: m gwaninta, mai cikakken nutsewa a cikin zane, aikin management kwarewa da ake bukata bayani dalla-dalla.

A bisa uku drawback na aikin management za a iya gani a matsayin bukatar raba kamfanin albarkatun tsakanin ayyukan. A cikin "matalauciyar" kamfanonin da shi zai iya kullum zama unrealizable. Project manajoji da su "ku yi yãƙi" domin kudade da kuma ma'aikatan, wanda ba a yarda a karkashin jimlar iko da dukkan matakai na aikin rai sake zagayowar.

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci shortcomings a cikin hanyar da aikin gudanarwa kungiyar ne da aiki na da mambobi ne na aikin tawagar da aikin shugaban bãyan ƙarshe. Loading sandarsa, kamar yadda ka sani, mafi muhimmanci mulkin nasara kasuwanci, kuma a cikin akwati na aikin aikin kullum da "dangling a cikin iska," wani taro na masana, wanda a lokaci guda hana akai load.

A takaice, ana iya ƙarasa da cewa aikin gudanarwa - shi ne wani ɓangare na zamani kasuwanci sarari, da kuma nazari na da tushe da muhimmanci ga m management yanke shawara a duka biyu jihar da kuma a cikin mutum kasuwanci.