Otaku - wane ne

Kalmar "otaku" yana da ma'anoni daban-daban, dangane da wanda yayi amfani da ita kuma a ina. A Japan, yana nufin abu ɗaya, a Amurka ko Rasha - kadan ne daban. Bugu da kari, cikin lokaci, ra'ayoyin sun canza - kuma ci gaba da canzawa.

Tarihi da asali

Har zuwa shekarun 1980s, otaku wani nau'i ne mai daraja a cikin harshen Jafananci, kamar -sama, -kun or -senpai. An yi amfani da wannan kalma a matsayin mutum na mutum biyu, ta hanyar wannan, alal misali, an yi amfani da shi ta heroine daga cikin '' Macros '' '', wanda ya fara bayyana a kan fuska a 1982.

A cikin zamani na zamani, duk da haka, kalman nan "otaku" wata kalma ce a cikin harshen Jafananci, yana nufin ma'anoni daban-daban:

• Mutumin da yake da sha'awar wani abu - sha'awa yana iya zama wani abu, daga manga da kuma anime ga wasanni da kayan tarawa;
• Wani mutum yana kallon wasan kwaikwayo ko manga;
• Har ila yau akwai akwati na uku - sakamakon rikice tsakanin ra'ayoyin otaku da hikikomori.

Don haka, otaku - wanene wannan? A cikin zamani, wannan kalmar da aka fara amfani dashi a cikin shekarun 1980, a cikin ayyukan mai takaici da marubuta Akio Nakamori. A shekara ta 1983, ya wallafa a cikin jaridar Manga Burikko "nazarin" otaku ", inda ya yi amfani da wannan lokacin dangane da magoya baya.

A lokaci guda, animator Haruhiko Mikimoto da Shoudzhi Kawamori amfani da kalmar wajen sadarwa tare da juna kamar yadda wani m nau'i na adireshin (duk da wannan sirri wakilin 2 persons) tun lokacin da marigayi 1970s.

Mai yiwuwa, wasu daga cikin wakilai na ƙaddamarwa (yayin da sauran suka ci gaba da yin sadarwa).

Sashe na biyu na asalin yanayin shine aikin kimiyyar kimiyya na Motoko Arai, wanda yayi amfani da shi-wani nau'i ne na magunguna, kuma a sakamakon masu karatu sun yarda da wannan al'ada.

Yau Japan

A cikin shekarun 1990s, an yi amfani da launin kallon wannan kalma, kuma an yi amfani da kalmar otaku a daban. Wane ne yanzu? Ma'anar ta zama cikakke - wani "fan na wani abu", wani mai goyon baya wanda ke da masaniya ga wani batu. Yanzu wannan ra'ayi yana nufin magoya bayan wani abu, ana kuma danganta shi da Akihabara da kuma fashion for "nyashnost".

Kalmomin Jafananci suna ba da wani fassarar wannan kalma: bisa ga shi, "otaku" an yi amfani dashi a cikin shekarun 80 a cikin karamar abokai, yana nuna mutumin da aka sanar da shi a wasu abubuwa.

A Japan, wannan kalma za a iya daidaita shi da irin wannan ra'ayi kamar "fan", "gwani", "mai bincike" ko ma "damuwa". Duk waɗannan kalmomi suna nuna bambancin ilimi da sha'awa.

Mene ne bambanci? Wanne kalma mafi dacewa ya dogara ne akan abin da ake la'akari da al'ada a cikin al'umma da abin da ba haka ba ne.

Wani masanin ilimin kimiyya, wanda yake sha'awar bincike na birane na dā, ko Dokta Alan Grant daga fim "Jurassic Park" don haka, masu bincike ne. Suna kallon tabbatacce ga al'umma. Kuma wani kamar Farfesa Brown daga "Back to the Future" za a kira shi otaku - ma'anar cewa sha'awarsa, motar lokaci, bata dace da "al'ada" ba.

Amurka

Dukkanin abubuwan da ke tattare da al'ummar Jafananci suna da tsinkaye a cikin yamma. Mutane a cikin Amurka suna da ma'ana daban a cikin kalmar otaku. Wane ne a nan - za a iya faɗi ba tare da tsoro ba kuma hakika: wani mutum, yana kallon fim din da kuma mangas. Magoya bayan jinsin Japan ba su da wani abu game da shi - a waje da Japan wannan kalma ba shi da ma'ana mai kyau.

Abin da otaku zamani yake kama

Mazauna ƙasashen yammacin duniya ba su yarda cewa kasancewa fan zane ba daidai ba ne. A akasin wannan. A nan otaku ya fi sau da yawa mutum wanda "ya ga kome". "Walking Encyclopedia" don zane ko manga (kuma ba kome ba ne idan mutum ya dubi daya ko sauran nau'in), yana iya ba da shawarar abin da za a duba, bisa ga dandanawar mai tambaya.

A sakamakon abin da yake sha'awa, willy-nilly, ya zama gwani a cikin nau'i-nau'i, kuma ya san kuma ya kalli ko karanta ayyukan da ya fi shahara - yanayin karshe na al'aku ne. Wanene wannan daga ra'ayi game da al'umma - daidai daya: tare da wannan nasara zai iya kasancewa a makaranta, ma'aikacin ofishin ko kuma mai wasan.

Bugu da ƙari, ko da yake, ba tare da yin nazarin wani abu ba musamman, yana da ra'ayin al'adun da al'adu na Japan, na zamani da na baya, kuma ya san wasu kalmomi a cikin harshe na Land of the Rising Sun.

A wannan yanayin, bayyanar, dabi'u, digiri na nutsewa cikin sha'awa yana iya bambanta ƙwarai. Wasu otaku tattara tarin fayafai tare da zane-zane, hotunan jaruntakar da suka fi so, ziyarci tarurruka tare da mutane masu kama da juna, suna wasa da cosplay kuma sun san shahararrun mashahuran marubuta da kuma mangak.

Sauran suna iya kallon wasan kwaikwayo 25-episode (game da sa'o'i 6 a jere) ba tare da tsayawa ba. Duk da haka wasu suna zuwa jinsunan harshen Jafananci don su iya karanta manga a ainihin.

Daga cikin masu sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo akwai wasu marubuta masu ladabi waɗanda suka kirkiro labaru mai ban sha'awa - daga cikinsu Sergey Kim, Konstantin Hrabrykh, Coviello, Ander Tal Sash, Otaku Felix. Samizdat tare da haɗin kai da waɗannan mawallafa na jan hankalin masu karatu fiye da na kyauta kanta.

Harshen japan Japan

Cibiyar Nazarin Nomura (NRI) ta gudanar da zurfin nazari biyu, na farko a shekara ta 2004 da na biyu a shekarar 2005. A sakamakon haka, masana kimiyya sun iya gano muhimman wuraren da suka dace:

• Ga mafi girma rukuni, mita dubu 350,000 - manga;
• Kimanin kimanin dubu 280 ne magoya bayan gumaka da mashawarta;
• 250,000 dauke su sha'awa na tafiya;
• 190,000 - magoya bayan kwamfuta;
• 160,000 sun kasance masu wasa da wasanni na bidiyo;
• 140,000 - ta motoci;
• 110,000 - wasan kwaikwayo.

Sauran sassa biyar sun haɗa da kayan aiki na hannu, kayan kiɗa da kayan bidiyo, magoya bayan kyamarori, hanyoyi da jirage.

Idan ka dubi kai tsaye a magoya bayan anime, za ka iya zaɓar ɗayan ƙungiya mai ban sha'awa - hentayschikov.

Daga cikin nau'o'in jinsin japan na Japan shine abin da sauran al'ummomin zasu iya kiran batsa - amma a Land of the Rising Sun da halin da ake yi a wannan tambaya ya bambanta. Saboda wannan, akwai wani yanki na musamman na otaku. Hentai shine abin sha'awa da sha'awa ga wadannan mutane.

Celebrities na otaku

Anime ba kawai ga mutane talakawa ba - daga cikin masu fahariya akwai magoya bayan wannan nau'i. Daga cikin su - a rare Japan singer Shoko Nakagawa (kai tsaye kiran kanta da manga kuma anime otaku), singer da actress Mari Yaguchi, actress Kasia Toshiki, Natsuki Kato da kuma actress da kuma model Tiyaki Kuriyama.

Fanfiction da samizdat

Inda akwai kerawa, akwai kuma fanfuri - yana aiki daidai ne dangane da littattafai na yammacin Turai ko jituwa, kuma dangane da anime da manga. Kuma a wasu lokuta, zuba cikin samizdat. Otaku ya ƙirƙira ayyukansu, a cikin zane-zane, labaru ko litattafai, kuma mafi yawa sukan buga su a yanar-gizon ko a cikin kwararru na musamman a kudaden kansu.

Duk da haka, wani lokaci sakamakon wannan mai son ya yi sabon "tauraron" yana bayyana - kuma da'irar ta fara akan sabon abu: yanzu an halicci fanfiction bisa ga ayyukan sabon marubuta.

Samizdat otaku ne mai mashahuri, musamman a tsakanin magoya baya na ayyuka na asali. Labari na yau da kullum - ainihin halayen - wani dan wasan kwaikwayo a duniya na fim din ko manga manga, ko marubucin ya gabatar da sabon GG daga wannan duniya, ko marubucin ya ɗauki haruffa na ainihi daga aikin asali, labarin yana canzawa zuwa ƙaunarka.

A cikin "al'umma" na Rasha na fikrajterov (mafi yawan adadin da za a iya samu akan lib.ru) mafi yawan fanfanshena a kan fim. Bisa ga "litattafan wasan kwaikwayon Japan," ba a rubuta su da yawa ba, alal misali, otaku Felix, wanda aka sani a cikin wadannan ƙungiyoyi, wanda ayyukansa sun haɗa da ayyukan duniya "Blich" da "Sekirei".

A kan fitowar ta hanyar zamantakewa

Shahararrun shahararren fim din, wanda ya haifar da bayyanar dubbai da daruruwan fanfics - "Naruto", "Bleach", "Evangelion", "Code Geass", "Shaman King", "Ɗaya daga cikin". A cikin wannan jerin, za ka iya ƙarawa da "Dark Butler", "Mutuwar Ruwa", "Ƙwararren Masarauta", "Knight Vampire". Alal misali, kamar yadda Felix ya ambata, alal misali, ya rubuta manyan shahararrun magoya bayan Fansil da ke aiki a duniya "Bleach" - "Kyaftin" da kuma "Maɗaukaki".

A Japan kanta, kasancewa manga (mawallafin mangas) yana nufin samun sana'a na gaba daya, kuma yana dogara da mai wallafa ko daraja, samun biyan bashin.

Duk da haka, da zarar marubucin ya fara karɓar biyan bashin aikinsa, ya daina zama mai son. Duk da haka, otaku ba ya daina zama. Felix, samizdat wanda ke cikin cibiyar sadarwa yana wakiltar ayyuka masu kyau, bai riga ya keta wannan layi ba. Amma, alal misali, Nadezhda Kuzmina (mawallafin sake zagayowar game da karfin dragon da "Timirdis") ya riga ya wallafa littattafanta a matsayin marubucin sana'a.