Kremlin a Moscow. Rasha, Moscow, Kremlin

Na farko da aka samu shaida na wuri na ƙauyuka a yankin Kremlin yana da shekaru biyu zuwa dubu uku. A gaskiya, babu amsa mai kyau game da wanene wanda ya gina Kremlin a Moscow, tun lokacin da aka gina jigon farko da aka tsara a lokacin da aka kafa tsarin dikon a kan tsaunin Borovitsky. Ginin gine-ginen ya fara tare da umurnin Yury Dolgorukov a kan ginin ganuwar 1156.

Olympus na Jihar Rasha - Kremlin a Moscow

Da farko, an gina ganuwar ginin, kuma kawai da zuwan Dmitry Donskoy babban birnin kasar ya sami sunan mai suna - dutse dutse. An maye gurbin ganuwar da dutse, wanda aka yi da ƙananan dutse. A zamanin Ivan III, an gayyaci gine-ginen Italiyanci, waɗanda suka fara sabon gini (1475-1479) - nazarin gine-gine na dutse da kuma gina gine-gine na brick a wurinsa. Domin kiyaye tsaro, an gama shi a sassa tare da saurin sauyawa don sabon saiti. Ginin ya ci gaba na tsawon shekaru goma. Har ila yau, tare da gyaran bango, an gina ginin Cathedral na Assumption.

A lokacin yakin 1812, Kremlin a Moscow ya lalace sosai kuma ya kama shi. Ya ɗauki shi kimanin shekaru huɗu don sake dawo da tsohon bayyanarsa. Da dama daga cikin kwararrun kwararru sunyi aiki a kan wannan. Har ila yau, babban mummunar lalacewar da aka haifar a lokacin yunkurin juyin mulki na 1917, lokacin da aka kori Kremlin ba tare da wata kungiya ba.

Location:

Moscow Kremlin, a matsayin babban mahimmanci na siyasa da fasaha na babban birnin kasar Rasha, dole ne ya kasance a tsakiyar birnin. Ana iya bayyana wannan daga matsayi guda biyu:

• Binciken kyakkyawa game da tsari a matsayin cibiyar babban birnin - babban kwamandan ginin, wanda daga bisani manyan manufofi suka zo, da sauransu.
• Da yake la'akari da Kremlin a Moscow a matsayin daya daga cikin tsofaffin abubuwa, ya dace ya lura da wuri mai kyau. An gina sansanin nan kuma yana tsakanin kabilun biyu masu haɗuwa, suna barin mai yiwuwar mahaukaci damar kai farmaki kawai daga gefe guda, wanda ya shafi rinjaye na asalin gwamnati.

Kremlin dake Moscow yana kan Borovitsky Hill - a gefen hagu na Kogin Moskva. A cikin tsarin zane-zane, tsarin shine matsala mai ladabi (don ya zama mafi daidai, yana da wata maƙalli tare da gefe ɗaya).

Lokacin zamanin USSR

A wata hanya ta musamman, Kremlin ya canza lokacin da gwamnatin Soviet ta sami iko a kasar. Tun 1918, Moscow ta sake zama cibiyar siyasa ta dukan jihohi. A watan Maris na wannan shekara, dukan gwamnatin Soviet ta koma Kremlin. Shigar da "majalisa" a cikin tsoffin sarakuna na sararin samaniya ya haifar da fushi ga 'yan ƙasa na talakawa, amma an cire shi da sauri. Ginin ya zama yanki da aka haramta, mutane da yawa sun rasa damar samun damar shiga ƙasar. Masana tarihi sun tabbatar da cewa, a duk tsawon shekarun Soviet, Kremlin a Moscow a matsayin gine gine-ginen yana da lalacewa - fiye da rabi na gine-ginen da aka gina a yanzu da kuma wuraren tsabta.

Daya daga cikin mafi yawan sanannun canje a cikin Soviet lokacin da aka maye biyu-gangarawa gaggafa, sanya, a tsakiyar tafiya hasumiya, da taurari da Ural semiprecious duwatsu, wanda daga bisani aka maye gurbinsu da yaƙutu.

Kremlin hasumiya

Gidan Kremlin na Moscow suna wakilta a cikin adadin ashirin, an gina kowannensu a cikin shekaru daban-daban kuma yana da nasaccen suna da sunansa na musamman. Gidan da ke biyowa hudu suna dauke da su: Beklemishevskaya, Vodovzvodnaya, Angular Arsenal (wanda yake a cikin sasanninta na triangle, kawai abubuwan da ke cikin sashi mai tsayi, sauran goma sha bakwai), kuma Spasskaya ya fi shahara saboda kallon da aka sanya akan shi. A kan dakuna biyar akwai rufin taurari na ban mamaki: a kan Spasskaya (Frolovskaya), Nikolskaya, Troitskaya, Borovitskaya (Predtechenskaya) da Vodovzvodnaya.

Mafi ƙasƙanci shine Hasumiyar Tsar, wanda aka gina a 1680, kuma Triniti mafi girma (79.3 mita), Nikolskaya (mita 70.4) da Spasskaya (mita 71) Duk ɗakunan, musamman saboda gina a lokaci guda (Rabin na biyu na karni na XVII), hukuncin kisa a cikin tsarin zane guda. Bright tabo ne Nikolskaya Tower, ci a cikin Sashin Gothic style.

Ayyukan masu kula da ƙasashen waje

An gina ganuwar Kremlin a cikin shekarun 1485-1516 daga gine-ginen Italiyanci. Suna wakilci triangle marasa daidaito tare da tsawon tsawon 2235 m, tsawo da nisa na 5-19 m da 3.5-6.5 m daidai da haka. An yi ado da ganuwar garu, akwai nau'in 1045 (bisa ga al'adar Lombard, a matsayin nauyin hawaye). Yawanci suna da ƙaura a cikin nau'i na fashe. An gina gwaninta a cikin su, fadi da fadi. A waje, ganuwar suna da siffar sassauci, kuma a cikin ciki an yi ado da ƙira a cikin nau'i. Wannan tsari na gine-ginen an tsara ba kawai don sauƙaƙe ba, amma kuma don karfafa tsarin. Kamar yawa gine-gine daga waɗanda sau, da Kremlin bango kiyaye da yawa daga boye wuraren da m wurare, ba ka damar barin karfafa idan ya cancanta. Duk da haka, sashe na bangon a arewa maso gabashin, yana fuskantar gidan Red, yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Columbus. Yana riƙe da toka na manyan siffofin zamanin Soviet. Yanzu ana tambayar tambaya game da rarraba wani wuri don columbarium.

Kremlin da kayanta

Ko da yaya arziki Moscow ya kasance game da wurare masu ban sha'awa, Kremlin shine babban janyewar babban birnin. Ya san sanannun abubuwa daban-daban na gine-gine. Shigarwa zuwa ƙasarsa, ba shakka, biya, da kuma tafiye-tafiye, amma menene kudi idan aka kwatanta da ƙarni na tarihin, da adanawa da kuma sanya su a cikin ɗakunan?

Kiristocin Orthodox suna da ban sha'awa sosai:

• Ƙaddanci Cathedral.
• Ƙungiyar Cikin Gida.
• Fadar sarki da Ikklisiya ta goma sha biyu.
• A Cathedral Verkhospassky.
• Ikilisiyar Mala'ikan, da dai sauransu.

A lokacin ziyarar, babu shakka, za a yi marmarin yin hoto na Kremlin a Moscow. Ya kamata farin duka biyu sama da garu da hasumiyoyin, kazalika da m fadar gine-gine - wannan Grand Kremlin Palace da kuma Palace of fuskoki dabam-dabam, da kuma Fun Palace.

Wadannan gine-gine masu gine-gine kamar Kremlin Palace, wanda aka fi sani da Fadar Majalisa, Rundunar Sojoji, Fadar Majalisar Dattijai da sauran mutane na iya zama wurare masu ban sha'awa don sanarwa.

Daya daga cikin abubuwan da ake gani da Kremlin shine, Tsar Cannon da Tsar Bell, a cikin 1586 da 1733-1735. Mai daraja.

Wuraren Moscow - Kremlin da gidajen tarihi

Yayinda yake ambaton gidajen tarihi a kan yankin Kremlin, ba zai yiwu ba a gaya game da Asusun Diamond - ɗaya daga cikin manyan kayan kayan ado a kasar. Alamar mahimmanci na tsohon ikon sarauta ita ce kaddamar da tsar - jihar, da scepter da kambi. Don dalilan tsaro, an haramta hoto da rikodin bidiyo a ciki. Akwai wasu duwatsu masu tarihi guda bakwai, wadanda suka fi shahara daga cikinsu: lu'u-lu'u "Orlov" da "Shah". A karshen, kamar yadda muka sani, an gabatar da Rasha Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas I, da Shah Farisa da wani ra'ayi zuwa yin sama da girma rikici dangane da ban tausayi mutuwar wani sanannen Rasha mawãƙi kuma marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo AS Griboyedov ya kai hari ga Ofishin Jakadancin Rasha a Tehran a farkon 1829.

Tarihin jihar Rasha ne mafi yawanci a cikin ɗakin Gidan Ma'aikata. Wannan gine-gine biyu ne da gine-gine ta gina. Ya ƙunshi dukan kursiyai, inda shugabannin Rasha suka zauna a cikin shekaru daban-daban. Akwai za ka iya shaida sanannen tarin na Faberge qwai, da saber na Minin da Pozharsky, da azurfa Chalice Yuriya Dolgorukogo, da sauransu. D.

Yanayin halin yanzu na Moscow Kremlin

Tarihin Kremlin a Moscow ba ta rasa zina a zamaninmu ba. A halin yanzu, kuma ya zama mafi daidai - tun 1991, Kremlin shine wurin zama na shugaban kasar Rasha. Dangane da wannan hujja, a cikin shekarun ninni, an aiwatar da aikin gyarawa wanda ba a iya kwatanta shi ba a kan dukan ƙasar. Irin abubuwan da suka faru kamar Faceted Chamber, da Alexander da Andreevsky Halls na Grand Kremlin Palace, da majalisar dattijai, da sauransu, an mayar da su.

Kusan kowace shekara fenti da ganuwar da Kremlin, don haka ba su rasa su wanda ake iya nuna da kuma m view.

Ƙungiyoyin Ayyuka

Wadanne kungiyoyi suna samuwa a sanannen labarin "Rasha, Moscow, Kremlin"? Da farko, wannan shi ne ofishin shugaban kasar Rasha, wanda ke cikin fadar majalisa. Abu na biyu mafi muhimmanci shi ne Ikklesiyar Orthodox na Russia, wanda hedkwatarsa ke a Blagoveshchensk, Arkhangelsk da Uspensky cathedrals. Ƙungiya mai muhimmanci da ke cikin Kremlin ita ce Babban Tsaro na Tarayya - Ofishin Tsaro na Tarayya - wannan sabis ne da aka ba da sabis na alhakin - kare manyan jami'an Rasha.

Ɗaya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa ga masu yawon bude ido shi ne gidan ajiye kayan tarihi mai suna "Moscow Kremlin", wanda aka bayyana sassan da dama a sama. An kafa shi a cikin nisa 1806 kuma har yanzu yana daya daga cikin wurare masu mahimmanci don sanarwa a Moscow.