Matakai da na'ura na Chemical Technology

Modern tsarin sunadarai ya shafi nika, crushing, kai da daban-daban kayan. Wasu daga cikinsu ta jũya zuwa aiki a aerosol tsari, wanda aka kafa a cikin turɓãya tare da iska da kuma aiwatar da gas a cikin yanayi. La'akari da shika-shikan da sinadaran fasaha, a halin yanzu amfani a samar.

Inji for tsaftacewa na gaseous abubuwa

A wãtsarwa na wani babban total surface yankin, a sakamakon, sun nuna inganta nazarin halittu da kuma sinadaran aiki. A wasu daga cikin abubuwa a cikin nau'i na Sahihi, sabon Properties, misali, suna iya spontaneously fashewa. Akwai daban-daban na'urorin da sunadarai fasahar amfani ga tsaftacewa daga yi na gaseous abubuwa daga wani iri-iri masu girma dabam da kuma siffar da ake wãtsarwa.

Duk da gagarumin bambance-bambance a cikin zane, manufa na aikin dogara ne a kan mai nauyi lokaci da bata lokaci ba.

Cyclone da pyleosaditelnye kyamara

By nazarin da dama matakai da na'urorin na sinadaran fasaha, mayar da hankali a kan kungiyar na turɓaya-kamawa na'urorin, wanda sun hada da:

• Rotary ƙura haraji.
• cyclones.
• zhalyuznye model.
• pyleosaditelnye kamara.

Daga cikin abũbuwan amfãni daga wadannan na'urori, mu lura da sauki na zane, don haka suka ake samar a kan musamman Enterprises.

Kamar yadda irin wannan na'urorin ya debe kwararru lura kasa yadda ya dace, da bukatar sake tsaftacewa. Duk wani nau'i na ƙura kau na'urorin aiki a kan tushen da centrifugal sojojin, daban-daban iko da gudun shaida na wãtsarwa.

Alal misali, na gargajiya sinadaran sulfuric acid masana'antu fasahar shafi yin amfani da wani cyclone domin kau da impurities daga matoya gas kafa a lokacin calcination na pyrite. Gas, wanda ya ƙunshi barbashi calcine (triiron tetraoxide), shiga cikin cyclone ta cikin tangential musamman bututun ƙarfe, sa'an nan rotates tare da ciki ganuwar da na'ura. Da jari da kuma shaida daga turɓãya da aka kwashe a cikin turɓãya tarin hopper, da kuma tsarkake gas gudana zuwa gaba, na gaba da ke shiga cikin na'ura ta cikin tsakiyar tube.

A sunadarai tsari ya shafi yin amfani da wani cyclone lokacin da sakamakon gaseous abu bai kafa high da bukatun.

inji scrubbing

Rigar aiwatar da zamani a masana'antu an dauki daya daga cikin mafi inganci da kuma sauki siffofin lura da masana'antu gas daga daban-daban dakatar da barbashi. Matakai da apparatuses da sunadarai fasahar hade tare da rigar tsabtatawa na gas, a yanzu a bukatar ba kawai a cikin 'yan qasar amma kuma a waje masana'antu. Bugu da kari ga particulate al'amari, su sami damar kama da gas da kuma tururi aka gyara da rage ingancin kayayyakin.

Akwai wani rabo daga irin wannan na'urorin a cikin cushe m, kumfa da kumfa, m kuma centrifugal iri.

Disintegrator kunshi wani na'ura mai juyi da kuma a stator bayar da wani musamman jagora vanes. The ruwa ciyar a cikin kadi na'ura mai juyi ta hanyar da nozzles. Saboda da gas rafi motsi tsakanin zobba na stator da kuma na'ura mai juyi, nika ne da za'ayi a cikin raba droplets, sakamakon ya karu lamba na gas da wani ruwa kamawa barbashi. Saboda centrifugal karfi ƙura jefa da ganuwar da na'urar, sa'an nan fitarwa daga barinta, kuma aka tsarkake gaseous abubuwa fada cikin wadannan naúrar, ko saki a cikin yanayi.

zurfin tace

Sau da yawa sinadaran fasaha ya shafi aiwatar da tacewa abu ta hanyar musamman porous katangu. Wannan hanya presupposes wani babban mataki na tsarkakewa da dama dakatar da barbashi, duk da haka porous tace bukatar a sinadaran masana'antu.

Su main hasara ne dauke da bukatar tsanaki maye tace aka gyara da kuma manyan size motocin.

Industrial Matatu aka subdivided cikin granular da kuma masana'anta azuzuwan. Suna tsara don tsarkakewa daga masana'antu gaseous abubuwa da ciwon wani babban taro na tarwatsa lokaci. Don gudanar da wani lokaci-lokaci kau na tara barbashi a cikin regenerating na'ura sanye take da musamman na'urorin.

Features matatar

Thin sinadaran fasahar hade da tsabtace na man fetur kayayyakin daga inji impurities da zafi, shi dogara ne a kan tacewa tafiyar matakai.

Daga cikin wadanda matakai da apparatuses cewa a halin yanzu yi amfani da petrochemical masana'antu, da aka gano da tacewa ta coalescing partitions, duban dan tayi. Tare da centrifugal SEPARATOR, coalescing tace, sedimentation tsarin, pre-tsabtace mataki ne da za'ayi.

Domin gudanar da hadaddun tsarkakewa mai halin yanzu ana amfani porous polymeric abun da ke ciki kamar yadda da tace abu.

Sun tabbatar da su yadda ya dace, karko, AMINCI, don haka su ne fiye da na kowa amfãni a sinadaran fasaha.

lantarki tace

Sunadarai matakai a samar da sulfuric acid fasahar shafi yin amfani da wannan musamman na'urar. A tsabtace yadda ya dace a cikinta ne daga 90 zuwa 99.9 cikin dari. Electrostatic tace iya tarko ruwa da kuma m barbashi na daban-daban masu girma dabam, aiki da na'urorin a cikin zazzabi kewayon 400-5000 digiri Celsius.

Godiya ga low aiki halin kaka daga cikin wadannan na'urorin sun samu babba baza a cikin zamani sinadaran masana'antu. Daga cikin manyan shortcomings na kama kayan aiki, ware gwaji na farko halin kaka na yi, kazalika da bukatar babban fili don shigarwa.

Daga wani tattalin arziki da ra'ayi, su ya kamata a yi amfani da lokacin lura da gagarumin kundin, in ba haka ba da yin amfani da electrostatic precipitators zai kasance m m.

contactor

Chemistry da kuma sinadaran fasaha da ya shafi yin amfani da daban-daban inji da kuma na'urorin. Wannan sabuwar dabara kamar yadda lamba na'urar yi nufi ga dauke da fitar catalytic tafiyar matakai. A matsayin misali, dauki na hadawan abu da iskar shaka na sulfur oxide (4) a cikin sulfur dioxide, wanda shi ne daya daga cikin matakai na samar da sulfuric acid.

Saboda da karkace, da radial-gas ya wuce ta wata kara kuzari Layer zubar a kan takamaiman partitions. Saboda lamba na'ura aka muhimmanci ƙara yadda ya dace da catalytic hadawan abu da iskar shaka naúrar simplifies tabbatarwa.

Special m kwandon da ciwon m Layer na mai kara kuzari sa ta maye ba tare da wani matsaloli.

kiln

Wannan na'ura ana amfani da a samar da sulfuric acid daga baƙin ƙarfe pyrites. Sunadarai dauki auku a zazzabi na 700 ° C. Saboda da countercurrent manufa, shafe kwarara a gaban kwatance iska oxygen, da baƙin ƙarfe pyrite, wani da ake kira fluidized gado. A ainihi shi ne cewa ma'adinai barbashi an shirya gaba ɗaya ta girma na oxygen, wanda ya tabbatar da high quality wucewa da hadawan abu da iskar shaka tsari.

Bayan kammala hadawan abu da iskar shaka tsari, sakamakon "kyandir" (iron oxide) da dama a wani musamman hopper, daga inda aka cire daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. A sakamakon a-makera gas (sulfur oxide 4) aka aika zuwa tsarkakewa daga turɓãya, sa'an nan bushe.

Modern kilns amfani a cikin sinadaran masana'antu, za a iya rage asarar dauki kayayyakin, a lokaci guda na kara ingancin da a-makera gas.

Domin hanzarta aiwatar da hadawan abu da iskar shaka na pyrite a makera ga harbe-harben, a samar da sulfuric acid fara abu ne preliminarily ƙasa.

Shahtennye makera

Irin wannan reactors hada da tsãwa Tanderu, forming tushen da karfe masana'antu. A cajin da dama a cikin wutar makera, da aka tuntube da wani abinci na oxygen ta ramin, sa'an nan kuma sanyaya sakamakon Cast baƙin ƙarfe aka yi.

Daban-daban gyare-gyare na irin wannan na'urorin da aka yi amfani a cikin aiki da ba kawai da baƙin ƙarfe, amma kuma jan ores, sarrafa alli mahadi.

ƙarshe

Yana da wuya su yi tunanin wani cikakken rayuwa na zamani mutum ba tare da yin amfani da su a samfurin da sunadarai samar. A sinadaran masana'antu, bi da bi, ba zai iya aiki yadda ya kamata ba tare da yin amfani da mai sarrafa kansa da kuma inji fasahar, da yin amfani da musamman kayan aiki. A halin yanzu, da sinadaran masana'antu ne mai hadaddun sa na kayan aiki da kuma inji cewa an tsara don sinadaran-jiki da kuma sinadaran tafiyar matakai, sarrafa kansa kayan aiki don shiryawa da kuma safarar kayayyakin.

Daga cikin manyan inji da apparatuses, rare a wannan samarwa, da aka ware wadanda cewa damar da karuwa a cikin aiki surface na tsari, don gudanar da wani high quality-tacewa, cikakken zafi musayar, kara yawan amfanin ƙasa na da dauki kayayyakin, rage makamashi ta halin kaka.