Pilot Stepan Mikoyan: biography, photos

Stepan Mikoyan - Soviet gwajin pilot, da jirgin sama, Hero da Tarayyar Soviet, mariƙin na oda na Lenin da kuma Red Banner, a rayuwa da aka hade da jirgin sama. Shi ya kasance alhakin manajan sanannen "Buran" - Space Jigila, wanda gwaje-gwaje da babban rabo mai girma a watan Nuwamba 1988

yara

Mikoyan Stepan Anastasovich, wanda biography da aka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin, an haife shi a Tiflis (yanzu Tbilisi) 12 Yuli 1922 Uba Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan ya sanannun Soviet jam'iyyar da kuma jihar shugaban, da kuma mahaifiyarsa Ashkhen Lazarevna Tumanyan. Aurensu ya mai tsawo da kuma farin ciki. A cikin kalmomin Stepan Mikoyan, ba ya iya tuna guda lokaci a lokacin da mahaifansa biyu jãyayya ko suka ɗaga murya. Sun yi ko da yaushe bi da juna tare da babban kauna da girmamawa.

The iyali Mikoyans da 'ya'ya maza biyar. Babbansu ya kasance Stepan. Uku ƙaramin yara da aka mai suna bayan sanannen Baku commissars - Sergo Ordzhonikidze, Alekseya Dzhaparidze, Stepan Shaumyan da Ivana Fioletova, wanda Anastas Mikoyan ya ko da yaushe kiyaye dangantakar abokantaka. Ɗa na biyu da aka mai suna Volodya, kamar yadda ya aka haifi wani shekara bayan mutuwar VI Lenin. All yara ciyar hutu a gida "Zubalovo". A cewar Stepan Mikoyan, shi ne wata babbar yankin, a kewaye da wani babban bulo bango. Kuma wani wuri a cikin zuciya na shi akwai wani gida "Zubalovo-2", inda Stalin ya rayu tare da iyalinsa.

Tun Anastas Ivanovich ya shahararren dattaku, ya kasance abokai tare da mutane da yawa daga cikin ayarinsa Iosifa Stalina, wanda aka baya repressed. Stepan san su duka, kuma da yara abokai tare da dan shugaba Vasiliem Stalinym.

sha'awa sama

A cikin 30s na karshe karni, kusan kowane matashi so gama rayuwarsa tare da jirgin sama. Game da sama yayin da yin mafarki na daruruwan dubbai na Soviet makaranta. Na yi ba togiya da babban dan Stepan Mikoyan. Bugu da kari, wannan abin sha'awa ne ya taimaka ya kawu Artem Ivanovich, wanda a lokacin da yake wani matashi jirgin sama zanen kaya.

A watan Agusta 1940, Stepan Mikoyan, tare da wani aboki Timurom Frunze sa suna a Kachin Flying makaranta. A shekara daga baya, a farkon watan Satumba 1941, ya samu nasarar sauke karatu daga makaranta a garin Kut Krasny (Saratov yankin.). Bayan da ya aka aika zuwa 8th maye rajimanti jibge a cikin karamin kauye Sennoy, kawai arewa na Saratov. A nan, ya yi gaggawa sake koyi ga tashi a jirgin sama "Yak-1." A tsakiyar Disamba na wannan shekara a kan raba Stepan Mikoyan (photo mai tafiyan jirgin sama ya gabatar a cikin labarin) shiga cikin 11 th Fighter rajimanti, wani ɓangare na 6th IAK PVO da kuma kare sama a kan Moscow.

Great Patriotic War

Isa a da makõma, matasa matukin jirgi ya gano cewa rajimanti kafin shi ya tashi don kai farmaki Jamus sojojin ƙasa. Duk da haka, domin duk Disamba da kuma wani ɓangare na Janairu 1942, da ya yi ba gudanar ya taba tashi a kan wata manufa, kamar yadda matsananci yanayi bai ba da damar a gudanar da wani aiki yadda ake gudanar a cikin iska. Tare da farko na serene kwanaki Stepan Mikoyan zama da hannu a kan jirgin "Yak-1" a cikin flights, da manufar wanda ya rufe Soviet sojojin a garin Volokolamsk gundumar da kuma, musamman, da mahayan Janar L. M. Dovatora wanda ya yi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci hare-hare da Jamus-shagaltar da ƙasa.

Shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa quite sau da yawa, Soviet jirgin sama zo karkashin wuta daga maƙiyi antiaircraft bindigogi. Don haka shi ne daya daga cikin kwanaki na Janairu 1942 Makiya anti-aircraft bindigogi bude wuta a kan mu da jirgin sama, kuma yanayin ya juya bad sharply kuma akwai wani nauyi snowfall. Amma, duk da wannan, da rundujar soja masu dawaki ya iya sosai kasa kan titin jiragen sama saboda Stepanu Mikoyanu, wanda ba ya san wurin da titunan Moscow, m ga Tsakiya Aerodrome a Moscow, inda ya zaunar da 11 ga watan Fighter rajimanti.

baftisma na jini

A cikin duka a lokacin hunturu na 1941-1942. matasa matukin jirgi a matsayin bangare na rajimanti sanya 10 nasara flights, amma minti 11 zai iya zama m for shi. Janairu 16 a lokacin da wani cover na Istria, ya jirgin sama domin wasu m hatsari An buga wani biyu leftana 562 th rajimanti Mihailom Rodionovym. Stepan Mikoyan, wanda biography zai iya zama a kan wannan karshen kuma, har yanzu gudanar da kasa ya kona mota, da matukan jirgin ce, dama a kan ciki. A fall na Soviet jirgin sama da aka gani a kauyen matasa. Sun jefa ƙone, da fashe kafa wani matukin jirgi na hanya, da kuma a can, gano wasu seleji, ya kai shi filin asibiti.

Mikhail Rodionov laifin da yake faruwa ba a shari'a, da kuma leftana Mikoyan magance bayan ya dawo. Amma wannan, shi bai je kotu. A farkon watan Yuni 1942, Senior Lieutenant Rodionov aka kashe a wani iska yaƙi kusa Kaluga, wanda ya sa aka posthumously bayar da muƙamin Hero na Tarayyar Soviet. Kuma Stepan ya warkar da su raunuka ga 'yan more watanni.

sabon jirgin sama

A watan Agusta, 1942 a Lyubertsy a kan ta riga uku gyaranta zo 434 th Fighter sufurin jiragen sama rajimanti, wanda daga baya ya zama 32nd Guards. Shi ne sananne ga cewa shi da zarar ya yi yaƙi 26 matukan jirgin, wanda ya karbi sunan Heroes na Tarayyar Soviet. Tare, suka harbe saukar da fiye da 520, maƙiyi jirgin sama. Sa'an nan a 1942 da regimental kwamandan ya 24-shekara gwarzo na Tarayyar Soviet Ivan Kleschev, kuma ya lura da naúrar kanta Vasily Stalin.

Dan shugaba daga yara san da 'yan'uwa Mikoyans - Stepan da Vladimir. Na farko, da rajimanti dauki matasa, wadanda, kuma daga baya ya shiga da na biyu. Bayan yaki Tsohon soji da suka yi aiki tare da su gefe da gefe, an gaya mana cewa 'yan'uwa biyu sun musamman tarbiyya, m da kuma kaskantar da kai, don haka suka kusan nan da nan ya koma regimental iyali m.

A farkon Satumba 1942 kammala ma'aikata na rajimanti, ya zauna a kan kai jirage tashi zuwa Sennoy. A nan, da matukan jirgi ya ci gaba da sabon jirgin saman soja jirgin sama "Yak-7B", kawai ya isa kai tsaye daga Saratov sufurin jiragen sama Shuka. A 'yan kwanaki daga baya ya zo da wani tsari kaura zuwa wani Airfield, dake kusa da farm "Stalingrad", wanda yake shi ne kawai 60 km daga birnin. Kleschevsky rajimanti aka nan da nan inducted cikin 16th Army.

Dogfights kan Stalingrad

A farko fama manufa na sabuwar kafa rajimanti umarce kaina Ivan Kleschev. Ganin farko Stalingrad daga iska, da sababbin da aka buga irin wannan spectacle. Stepan Mikoyan daga baya ya tuna cewa idanunsa ya bayyana harshen birni. Black hayaki daga gobara ya tashi zuwa dama kilomita sama, kuma ya duba ta hanyar ta hanyar da blue ruwan Don kuma Volga. A sama na iyo daruruwan jirgin sama, wanda mafi yawansu sun Jamus mayakan da kai harin.

Kamar yadda aka sani, da regimental kwamandan Kleshchev ko da yaushe gabatar musamman sababbin ga dogfights hankali. Kuma, duk da cewa Stepan Mikoyan riga da wasu fama da kwarewa a cikin sama a kan babban birnin kasar, da shi, duk da haka ƙaddara shi ga mabiyansa. Wannan dabarar taimaka wa matasa da matukan jirgi umartarku saya fama da kwarewa ba tare da da yawa hadarin.

Dakatar daga jirgin

Duk da haka, na biyu da rabi na Satumba ta kasance mafi muni: kawai makonni uku dogfighting rajimanti halaka fiye da 80, maƙiyi mayakan. Amma da asarar da suka babban ƙungiyoyin: 25 jirgin sama da kuma matukan jirgin, 16. Daga cikin matattu ne kane Vladimir Stepan Mikoyan. regimental kwamandan Ivan kansa Kleshchev aka munanan raunuka.

Bayan da mutuwar ɗan'uwansa Mikoyan Stepan Anastasovich aka dakatar daga tashi ta domin na umurni. A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Vladimir matukan jirgi a mahara jirage kawo rubutu "Ga Volodya!". A farkon watan Oktoba, ragowar rajimanti aka aiko zuwa ga raya. Da dama jami'an aka bayar da muƙamin Hero na Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma Vladimir (posthumously) da kuma Stepan aka bayar da soja umarni na Red Banner.

War Mikoyan gama a daraja na kyaftin, kuma aka bayar da biyu yaƙi karrama. A lokacin tashin, dole ne ya ciyar da 'yan fadace-fadace da abokan gaba da jirgin sama, amma, bisa ga takardun, ciki har da 6 kungiyar ta lashe ta yaƙi lissafi.

Nazarin a cikin Engineering Academy

A shekarar 1945, Mikoyan nasara auri tsohon aboki Eleanor, 'yar gwajin matukin Petra Lozovskogo, wanda aka takaici kashe yayin da ake tashi a jirgin "I-4". Bayan bikin aure, saurayin shiga Air Force Academy. AG Zhukovsky a Faculty of Engineering. Sauraro wanda ya riga ya yi shekaru gwaninta, da aka yarda su tashi da jirgin sama a zubar da cikin Academy. Training rajimanti ya sa'an nan a cikin kauyen. Belopesotsky kusa Kashira. Daga bisani, uku daga cikinsu ya zuwa Master sabuwar jiragen saman yaki.

Domin ya sauke karatu aikin Mikoyan Stepan Anastasovich zaɓi da wuya da kuma wajen da tsoro ga lokaci theme. Yana kula da supersonic dabara jirgin saman soja. Mafi m, duk da bayanai game da ci gaban da nan gaba jirgin sama "MiG-19" ya samu daga kawunsa Anusha Mikoyan.

Stepan samun digiri aikin jagorancin sanannen VF Bolkhovitinov da cewa tun kafin yaki da aka tsunduma a cikin shiri na nauyi kai harin "DB-A", kuma daga baya halittar farko a cikin Tarayyar Soviet makami mai linzami hallakarwa "BI". Saboda haka, za mu iya cewa da tabbaci ba Mikoyan tare da su takwarorinsu da masu sana'a matukan jirgin da kuma inji injiniyoyi sun a farkon sosai daga cikin halittar jet jirgin sama.

yi aiki tu uru

A watan Agusta 1951, Stepan Ananstasovich samu a kan jirgin gwajin matsayi a Nii Air Force. A nan sai ya ciyar 23 dogon shekaru a gwada daban-daban fama da jirgin sama na zuwa Yakovlev, Mikoyan da Sukhoi. Ya, fiye da kowa, shi ne ya samu nasarar hada da aiki na matukin jirgi tare da matsayi na SRI gubar m.

Tun shekarar 1975 Stepan Mikoyan - da Hero na Tarayyar Soviet. Ya aikata shi wata daraja maxaukakiya domin latest gwajin na interceptor "MiG-25". Domin duk lokacin da ya aiki ya ya iya Master da 102 daban-daban na jirgin sama, da ciwon a lokaci guda a cikin iska fiye da 3.5 dubu. Hours.

"Buran" shirin

A 1974 Stepan Anastasovich da shawarar da likita kwamitin da aka cire daga gwajin na fama motocin, amma ya aka yarda da aiki a kan jirage masu saukar ungulu da kuma kai da fasinja a jirgin sama. A shekaru 56 na shekaru ya san cewa zai ba su iya sake samu nasarar wuce wani likita jarrabawa, don haka muna da yarda da tayin su matsa zuwa wani aiki.

A watan Afrilu 1978, ya zama mataimakin Mikoyan "Walƙiya" NGO shugaba zanen. Ga GE Lozino-Lozinsky halitta orbital jirgin "Buran". A karkashin wadannan yanayi, a wani zarafi lokacin ya zo tara shekaru masu yawa na aikin kwarewa Stepan Anastasovich a kan kungiyar na da jirgin gwajin, a lokacin da aka yanke shawarar kirkiro da wani yanayi analogue daga jirgin, mai suna "Product 002". Flight gwaji, benci, kuma fasaha da horar da matukan jirgin da hannu a cikin Mikoyan. Ya ce ke da alhakin gudanar da real "Buran" a cikin ta farko da na karshe jirgin cikin sarari.

memoirs

Rungumar, za mu iya cewa da tabbaci ba Laftanar Janar sufurin jiragen sama Stepan Mikoyan kusan dukan rai da jirgin sama, ko kuma wajen, su piloting. Kuma ko da a matsayin shekaru 70 da haihuwa, da launin toka-masu gashi general, ya akai-akai tuka motar da kansa, "Yak-18T".

Duk da aiki jadawali, har yanzu ya samu lokacin da za a rubuta a littafin. Sada a cikin yanayi, memoirs daidai gani rayuwa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma duk abin da ya rayu da kuma yadda ya yi aiki ta shahara marubucin Stepan Mikoyan. "Memoirs na soja gwajin matukin" zo na farko a Birtaniya, kuma daga baya a Rasha. Wannan littafin ya taso da babban amfani ba kawai ga matukan jirgin, amma kuma talakawa mutane da suka damu da tarihi na jihar.