Niobium band: samarwa, Properties, aikace-aikace

Niobium - sinadari da atomic lambar 41. Yana da aka fara gano a cikin farkon karni na XIX, amma ta san da aka dakatar da ga 150 shekara. Kawai a 1950, mai zaman kansa cell a cikin lokaci-lokaci tebur da aka kasaftawa da shawarar da International Union of aiyuka da Irfanin Chemistry zarra. Don amfani da mai amfani kamar yadda wani kashi a cikin masana'antun, an yi shi daga wani tsiri na niobium. By kanta, shi ba ya mallaka wani abu na musamman. Yana bayyana ta da cikakken m lokacin da samar gami, mafita ko sauran qagaggun.

hakar niobium

Niobium tama enrichment - wani hadadden da tsada tsari. Wannan shi ne saboda abun ciki a cikin daya tonne na dutse bai wuce 24 grams. Bugu da ƙari, cikin kashi saboda irin wannan sinadaran Properties ne mai wuya a bambanta daga Tantalite.

Karkashin yanayi samu kawai a warwatse tsari - a igneous kankara da lu'ulu'u, kazalika da wani ɓangare na wasu ma'adanai - pyrochlore loparite, columbite-tantalite. Wannan kashi na lokaci-lokaci tsarin yana cirewa yafi daga yanzu mahadi. niobium samar kunshi matakai uku:

1. Autopsy kankara da wani babban abun ciki na niobium kayan.
2. Branch of niobium Tantalite, shirya m mahadi.
3. Farfadowa da na'ura da tsarkakewa na karfe da kuma ta gami daga impurities.

Dalili na samar da sake zagayowar up high-zazzabi thermal tafiyar matakai amfani da aluminum, sodium ko carbon. Nan da nan tsiri niobium foda shirya ta latsa, sintering foda "cubes" a vacuo, da kuma electron-katako baka narkewa.

amfani Properties

Saboda ta yi fice a halaye na niobium da ake amfani a da yawa masana'antu. Don sauƙaƙe aiwatar da asali kashi a cikin abun da ke ciki dabara, sanya daban-daban birgima kayayyakin, ciki har da niobium tsiri. Babban aiki sashi a cikin wannan yanayin ne niobium carbide, cewa yana da amfani sakamako a kan inji Properties na kayan. Domin doping da ton na karfe bukatar kawai 200 grams na niobium. A sakamakon gami da babban taurin kuma ductility, low friability, mafi lalata juriya. A kashi amfani ga m da wadanda ba ferrous karafa, musamman aluminum, daga alkalis kuma acid.

A amfani da niobium

Niobium tsiri mafi yawa amfani matsayin dopant don ƙirƙirar biyu gami daga ferrous da ferrous karafa. Babban aikace-aikace ne niobium roka, rediyo da kuma lantarki injiniya, sinadaran na'ura yi, Aeronautical da astronautical aikin injiniya.

Aikace-aikace na ƙarfe ko tsarki niobium saboda wani adadin mutanen da m Properties. Daga cikin su Highlights bijirewarsu, da juriya ga lalata, ikon kara da zafi juriya da kayan da su conductive iya aiki.

Musamman quality, wanda yana da niobium tsiri ne kusan sifili hulda isotope na uranium a zazzabi har zuwa 1100 digiri Celsius. Bugu da ƙari, cikin zarra yana low wucin gadi radioactivity. Duk wannan ya sa shi dace domin kariya daga makaman nukiliya reactors, kazalika da kwantena ga ajiya na ciyar rediyoaktif man fetur.

Production na niobium

Na niobium karfe kayayyakin ne yafi saduwa da bukatun na nukiliya masana'antu. Akwai matattarar shirya barinta for uranium da kuma plutonium teplovyvodyaschih abubuwa, kwantena ga adanar ruwa karafa, radioactive. Products, Ya sanya daga niobium amfani don ƙirƙirar nauyi wajibi sarrafa kwamfuta. Tare da shi, rage juriya na conductors, game da shi samun cryotrons - sverhvysokoprovodyaschie kwamfuta abubuwa. A Austria, da azurfa, kuma niobium gami amfani ga minting na tsabar kudi haraji.