Mene ne jirgin sama ta fuselage? A kewaye na'urar, tsarin abubuwa

A fuselage na wani fasinja jirgin sama ya haɗu da fuka-fuki, tail kuma a wasu lokuta da shasi. Yana ne aka yi nufi ga kayan aiki, ma'aikatan jirgin da kuma kaya. Jirgin Saman ba tare da wani fuselage kira yawo reshe. A ta thickened sashe shi ne duk abin da yake a cikin al'ada hawa jiki. Ka yi la'akari da kara daki-daki, abin da jirgin sama ta fuselage. Hotuna da wannan bangaren ma za a gabatar a cikin labarin.

janar bukatun

Bayanin a kalmomi biyu, abin da jirgin sama fuselage, zamu iya cewa wannan hukuma. Domin wannan bangaren na jirgin sama saduwa da jerin bukatun:

1. M amfani da ciki girma.
2. Mafi qarancin ja.
3. Tabbatar da isasshen review na Matuka jirgin da kuma matukan jirgin masauki.
4. M Teplozvukoizolyatsiya da tightness.
5. Ta sauƙi Ana saukewa / loading.
6. Proper iska, lighting da kuma dumama.

external fom

Aircraft fuselage lissafi axisymmetric jiki bayar da wani m tapering wajen fore da aft sassa. A irin wannan tsari, bayar da mafi ƙarancin surface yankin domin ba size. Haka kuma, da rage taro na plating, da juriya rage-rage. Low nauyi ba wasu abũbuwan amfãni lokacin da fallasa su wuce haddi da matsa lamba a cikin shãfe haske taksi. Duk da haka, domin a yawan dalilai, wannan manufa form ba mutunta. Smoothness karya contours, musamman, irin wannan abubuwa na jirgin sama fuselage kamar gida fitilu, radar eriya. Wannan bi da bi take kaiwa zuwa ƙãra juriya da kuma ya karu nauyi. A wannan tasirin ne ke faruwa lokacin da mãsu bãyar da bãya daga gudãna siffofin a cikin wutsiya sashe. A wannan yanayin, da karkatar kwana da aka bayar ta kara ko rage na gangara da kaya ƙyanƙyashe.

lodi

Bayanin abin da fuselage (hoto gabatar a cikin labarin, ya nuna da halaye), dole ne a ce game da effects cewa ya yana fuskantar. A lokacin da saukowa, kuma a cikin jirgin wannan bangaren su ne:

1. The sojojin daukar kwayar cutar daga alaka aka gyara. Wadannan musamman hada da fuka-fuki, saukowa kaya, feathering, powerplant da sauransu.
2. Mass inertial effects kayan aiki, kaya raka'a cewa ne kai tsaye a cikinsa.
3. Da nata irin sojojin, wadda aka rarraba a fadin surface.
4. Inertial effects na da kansa nauyi. Yana yana kanta jirgin sama fuselage tsarin.
5. The sojojin na wuce kima matsa lamba a cikin compartments na kayan aiki, mai matsa gida.

All nuna lodi ne gaba daya daidaita. Ganin cewa irin wannan fuselage cikin tsarin makanikai, za ka iya sallama shi a cikin wani nau'i na akwatin girder. A wani sashe na shi rinjayar da kwance, kuma a tsaye sojojin, karfin juyi. A matsa compartments kara musu wuce kima ciki matsa lamba.

rationality module

A ganiya aka dauke su da irin wannan jirgin sama fuselage makirci a cikin abin da ya za su iya daukar duk lodi nuna a bisa ga isasshe low deadweight. Thin-garu harsashi a cikin wannan yanayin da ake gyarawa zuwa frame tsari. Cikakken rationality bayar amfani plating. A wurin da fuselage daga cikin jirgin sama, akwai na gida da nata irin sojojin, ciki overpressure, jimlar aikin karfi. A bakin ciki-walled harsashi, da goyon bayan frame ciki maximally kosad da bukatun na layout saukaka samar da tsari sauki, yi. Irin wannan na'ura da aka kira a matsayin fuselage beamed. Baya amfani truss raka'a. Su gaske halakakku beamed a da nauyi. Mene ne jirgin sama ta fuselage truss-type? Sheathing a wannan harka shi ne gaba daya cire daga aikin karfi. Yana daukan kawai da gida da nata irin lodi. Idan muka magana game da abin da jirgin sama fuselage a wannan yanayin, shi za a iya bayyana a matsayin ƙarin module, wanda qara total nauyi na naúra. Space truss muhimmanci dagula layout na kaya. Ko rashin amfani wannan module sa a gaskiyar cewa ba su da amfani a cikin zamani jirgin sama. Su ya kamata a yi amfani ne kawai ga low-gudun haske apparatuses na kananan jiragen sama.

rarrabuwa

Akwai iri uku jirgin sama fuselage:

1. Cladding.
2. Spar.
3. Stringer.

A karshe biyu bambanta da juna a cikin siffar da square giciye sashe. Tsaye kafa a wurin da fuselage daga cikin jirgin sama kunshi stringers da longerons. Encasing module a giciye sashe hada da Frames. Suna bayar da qaddara siffar adana a lokacin deformations Shell da kuma canja wurin da mayar da hankali da kuma rarraba lodi. A wurin da jirgin sama fuselage, akwai wuraren da za su iya zama wani babban taro na tsaro. Don hana nakasawa a cikin wadannan lokuta da aka kafa karfafa Frames. A katako kayayyaki na da tasiri na wani shugabanci da aka gani gaba daya rufe. A can ne tangent daga ƙarƙashinsu effortlessly. Su rarraba dogara a kan shugabanci na waje tasiri da kuma gicciye-bangaranci siffar da a koyaushe. Sheathing cikakken yarda da karfin juyi. A wannan yanayin, da tangential kwarara da aka rarraba a ko'ina a kan kewaye. A harsashi haka, kullum yana odnozamknuty kwane-kwane a giciye sashe. A wuraren da akwai cutouts a cikin kwasfa, shigar ikon ringing. Su samar a cikin wadannan yankunan da canja wurin da dukan kokarin.

Stringers da longerons

A tsaye sashe daga cikin jirgin sama fuselage ne kullum a kan ta dukan tsawon. Tare da fata da suka dauki al'ada Musulunci kokarin. Masana'antu na stringers da spars talakawa da za'ayi, kamar yadda mai mulkin, daga lankwasa ko extruded profiles tare da daban-daban giciye-sashe. Tsaye abubuwa da manyan stiffness. A high lodi, a wasu lokuta, za a iya shigar kumshin spars. Sun hada da dama sassan da alaka da juna. Lokacin da edging cuts manyan jigajigan amfani - a tsaye abubuwa na akwatin-sashe. Suna Ya sanya daga extruded sassan, wanda sadarwa tare da juna da kuma ganuwar plating.

bends

Su za a iya karfafa ko al'ada. Recent tabbatar da kare lafiya da giciye-bangaranci siffar da a koyaushe. Tã-taƙawa Frames ake amfani da su a yankunan da manyan yawa na danniya a jiki. Su nodes, gidajen abinci raka'a, kayyade kaya, manyan kayan aiki, injuna da sauransu. Gain kuma kafa a kan Iyaka da manyan takware a cikin hukuma. Al'ada Frames da, kamar yadda mai mulkin, a frame tsari. Suna Ya sanya daga extruded ko m takardar. Karfafa abubuwa aiki a cikin nau'i na rufaffiyar tashar baƙin ƙarfe frame ko ina-sashe. Tangential kwarara abubuwa a matsayin wani goyon baya dauki. A frame gudamawar da waje tasiri a kewaye. A halin yanzu ta abubuwa a kan lanƙwasa. Yana ma'anar ta giciye sashe. The zane na irin wannan frame ne monolithic ko tawagar. A yankunan shigarwa na partitions karfafa bulkhead bango ne gaba daya sewn up. Yana yana goyan bayan da a kwance, kuma a tsaye profiles. Sheathing na firam iya zama wani mai siffar zobe harsashi. Cikinsa da ƙarfafa abubuwa ana shirya radially.

sheathing

An yi sheet karfe. Suna kafa a kan profile surface daga cikin gidaje da kuma kulla. Gidajen abinci na zanen gado na wani mai gangara kuma a tsaye sassa na koyaushe. Domin encasing carcasses amfani monolithic haƙarƙari bangarori. Kwanan nan, quite tartsatsi amfani da kumshin kayan.

fili aka gyara

Sheathing za a iya a haɗe zuwa Frames ko stringers ko dukansu biyu, wadanda, da sauransu. A farko embodiment da ake amfani a cikin sutura kayayyaki. Lokacin da attaching kawai ga stringers amfani riveted tsaye seams. A gicciye-connection haka fakowa ba. Wannan inganta nata irin kaddarorin da koyaushe. Amma a wannan yanayin, karami lodi rufi hasarar da kwanciyar hankali. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani karuwa a cikin zane nauyi. Don hana wannan, da harsashi ne sau da yawa hade da compensator frame da aka makala - mafi makala.

gidajen abinci

Lokacin da girder fuselage spar makirci aka yi amfani da nodes wanda aka located na musamman a tsaye sassa. Wadannan gidajen abinci da ake kira batu. Kayyade fili amfani girder Stringer fuselages. A gidajen abinci da kewayen kewaye da firam tare da tilas inganta nauyin fata da kuma stringers. Mahadi irin fuselages aka kullum da za'ayi ta hanyar flanges. Irin wannan maha? Ar samar da wani ikon dangane da sassa na tuntužar kwane-kwane.

hawa raka'a

Connection nodes kafa a karfafa Frames. Sun yi da aiki na rumbunka. Saboda su shi ne da za'ayi rarraba a tsakiya a tsaye lodi. Butt nodes dole sadarwa tare da ikon spars. Don rage nauyin da fuselage tsarin shi ne ya dace domin rage adadin karfafa Frames. A kowane irin kashi iya armashi, da dama majalisai da aka makala maki.

fikafikai

Kamar yadda wani takamaiman alama na kayyade wadannan sassa hidima daidaita da lankwasawa lokacin a cikin hadin gwiwa da reshe bangarori. Za a yi la'akari da m daidaita da dama da hagu abubuwa a kan cibiyar, wucewa ta cikin fuselage. Domin da irin module spar isasshen miss tsaye mambobi - domin su za su zama daidaita naɗi. To connect daya-yanki da kuma reshe akwatin ta hanyar da gidaje dole wuce duk da ikon panel. Idan saboda wasu dalilai da wani izinin tafiya a cikin fuselage abubuwa ba za a iya aiwatar, da lankwasawa lokacin a dama da hagu dole ne a rufe a kan load-qazanta Frames. Wannan bayani, duk da haka, za a iya amfani da wani reshe spar, kamar yadda yawan sassa a cikin su ne kananan. Monoblock da coffered aka gyara bukatar a mafi yawan karfafa Frames. Yana da quite wuya a yi a kan wani zane. A irin haka shi ne bu mai kyau don amfani da spar makirci.

Kiel

Ya Dutsen bukatar wani m canja wuri na lankwasawa lokacin a kan fuselage. A saboda wannan dalili kowane tsaye keel memba aka haɗa da ikon frame da aka makala. Idan zai yiwu, ka iya amfani da mast spar irin alamar a da maki biyu. Bã su da wani tsawo daga cikin firam. Kibiya-dimbin yawa a tsaye memba yana da hutu a mahada yankin tare da shi. Yana bukatar m shigarwa na ƙarin ƙarfafa. Yana za a iya waived a cikin akwati idan frame za a sanya à ga axis na fuselage cewa jirgin saman ya ci gaba da bango na spar. Amma ganin wannan zabin zai a tare da wasu matsaloli.

cutouts

A tsakiyar ɓangare na jirgin sama fuselage hada da ramukan don windows, kofofi, hatches, fitilu, dabaran rijiyoyin. Duk wadannan cuts karya ƙulli daga fata kwane-kwane. Haka kuma, da kwanciyar hankali da aka rage muhimmanci da kuma gawa ƙarfi. Don rama domin asarar tare da contours na takware an shige a frame m edging. Tare da kananan girma na cutouts shi ne monolithic tsarin. An sanya daga takardar sanya ta stamping ko in ba haka ba. Okantovyvayut manyan ramuka a iyakar karfafa Frames. Longitudinally saka bim. A daidai wannan lokaci ba su zo ga ƙarshe a cikin lungu da kuma bayan karfafa Frames. Wannan tsiraru da tabbatar da wani m shafin na tsaye sassa. saukowa kaya gyarawa zuwa karfafa hakarkarinsa, kuma spars a cikin ƙananan sashi na jiki.

matsa gida

Lokacin da tashi a high tsawo a cikin abin da ya wuce kima matsa lamba da aka kiyaye. Don tabbatar da m nauyin airtight bukkokin aiki da su a cikin wani nau'i na Sphere ko a Silinda tare da mai siffar zobe bottoms. Wajibi ne a karfafa frame, wanda aka located a jamsin na segments. Wannan ake bukata domin yana daukan quite babban compressive load. A matsa gida Cabin tare da wani kaya na ba dole ba matsin lamba ba sha lankwasawa deformations. Yana aiki ne kawai a tashin hankali. A wasu lokuta, ya ce mold koma baya. Wannan bi da bi take kaiwa zuwa wani karuwa a nauyi na dukan tsarin. Don a tabbatar da zama dole rigidity lebur panel amfani da su lankwasawa. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar overpressure, suna da goyon baya mai gangara kuma a tsaye bim (hakarkarinsa). Don bunkasa rigidity daga cikin cikakkun bayanai ayyuka ne a cikin nau'i na sanwic constructions. A bukkoki dole ne a tabbatar m sealing dukkan kulle da kuma riveted gidajen abinci. A saboda wannan dalili, musamman tef. Impregnated da sealant, mastic promazyvayut ba-bushewa, mai rufi da musamman fili, bi da bushewa. A maha? Ar da harsashi faranti ne used Multi-jere rivet gidajen abinci a kananan increments. Musamman a hankali sarrafa hermetic hatches, windows, fitilu, kofofin. Hatimcewa aka bayar da yin amfani da musamman sealing wajen. Yana iya zama roba makada, tef, inflatable shambura, gaskets.

ake bukata ayyuka

Don tabbatar da yarda da bukatun da cewa amfani da jirgin sama fuselage, wasu mataki dole ne a yi. Wadannan sun hada da:

1. A zabi na irin wannan siga dabi'u da kuma waje casing siffofin a cikin abin da za a ja rage zuwa m, kuma da amfani girma da bi, zai zama mafi kyau duka.
2. Amfani da dagawa fuselage. Saboda su halitta wani gagarumin daga. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu don rage nauyi da kuma yankin na reshe.
3. M amfani da amfani girma. Wannan shi ne cimma ta kara layout yawa, m jeri na aza a cibiyar taro. A wannan yanayin zai ragu da taro lokacin da inertia , da kuma inganta maneuverability halaye. Takaita cikin kewayon cibiyar bambancin da nauyi a lokacin da man fetur burnup, daban-daban embodiments na loading samar da mafi kwanciyar hankali da kuma kyau handling.
4. Jeri fuselage ikon haihuwarka da kuma raka'a a haɗe a cikinta. A wannan yanayin dole ne sturdy kayyade, da kuma daidaita watsa lodi da ƙarfi mambobi da reshe, da saukowa kaya, empennage raka'a ga mahalli.
5. Samar Na / Yã saukaka wa ƙungiya, fasinjoji, berthing, loading / saukewa na kaya, da kayan aiki, abubuwa nufi ga harkokin sufuri.
6. Samar da m tsarin kula da daban-daban raka'a. Wannan wajibi ne da farko don dubawa da kuma gyara.

Domin da matukan jirgin da kuma fasinjoji na zama dole yanayi kamata a halitta, kazalika da ta dace matakin na ta'aziyya a lokacin da jirgin a high altitudes. Da ake bukata shi ne don tabbatar da sauti da kuma zafi rufi na bukkokin, yana da hadari, kuma sauri gaggawa fita daga gida. Crew ma dadi yanayi ya kamata a halitta. A musamman, mai kyau bayyani na matukan jirgin, za a bayar, sauƙi daga jirgin da kuma jirgin sama management.