Lokacin a 1983 Amurka sun soma MLRS MLRS, wanda ta hanyar da halaye sun yi daidai da Soviet "Hurricane" tsarin amfani a shekarar 1975, NATO kasashen yanke shawarar cewa ta kãma Tarayyar Soviet a kan tsarin na Salvo wuta. Duk da haka, da suka yi mamaki. Shekaru hudu daga baya, a shekarar 1987, soma amsawa manyan bindigogi rajimanti na Soviet Army shiga shigarwa "Smerch".
Tarihi na halitta
The aiki wajen samar da wani sabon roka tsarin da shi, ban da na gargajiya ayyuka domin lalata kayan aiki, da makamai, manpower, hadahada, da sandunansu, zama da kuma lalata dabara makamai masu linzami. A saboda wannan dalili ya zama dole mu ƙara daidaito da kuma harbe-harben kewayo. Ga ci gaban irin wannan tsarin shi zo daga Tula Design Ofishin jihar Research and Production ciniki "Fusion", wanda aka tsara da yawa roka launchers Rasha. Janar zanen da aka Alexander Nikitivich Ganichev, kuma bayan mutuwarsa - Denezhkin Gennadiy Alekseevich.
Design da kuma siffofin
A farkon aikin designers fuskanci wani gagarumin matsalar. All makami mai linzami launchers Rasha da kuma duniya, da suka fara da almara "Katyusha", tare da karuwa a cikin harbe-harben kewayon rasa su Babban amfani - volley bugawa da manufa ba, ya shafa a manyan waste roka. Don shawo kan wannan drawback, da farko jirgin na wani gyara da aka yi amfani a duniya da ya ce ammonium a farar da yaw. Ta amfani da wani farɗan mai kula da tsarin buga daidaito da aka cimma a biyu, da kuma daidaito - sau uku fi da cewa da irin wannan waje tsarin na Salvo wuta. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin dako amfani mafi m-boosters. Duk wadannan aukuwa bayar da shawarar cewa shigarwa na "Twister" - wani makami na wani tushen sabon matakin da cewa babu irinta a zangon, suka kuma kashe ikon wuta, da lalata sulke da motocin da manpower m maƙiyi.
allowance na ammonium
RZSO "Twister" - shigarwa na volley wuta. Shi yana da jefa jagora shambura 12, bi da bi, a cikin harsasai hada da 12 daban-daban na makamai masu linzami. Ka yi la'akari da wasu daga cikinsu. 9M55K harsashi yana da wani shugaban rabo tare da fragmentation abubuwa. Tsara don tafiyar da taushi-skinned fasaha da kuma manpower a bude karkara. A dako qunshi 9M55K1 abin da ya ƙunsa submunitions. Tsara don halakar da saman sulke da motocin da kuma tankuna. Da makamai masu linzami 9M55K3 da K4 ana amfani da anti-ma'aikata da kuma anti-ma'adinai bi da bi. The shugaban rabo 646 sanye take 9M55K5 submunitions da siffa-fragmentation lethality. Punch 120 mm kama makamai da kuma mafi inganci da dakaru wanda motsa a BMP da APCs. Makami mai linzami 9M55F qunshi wani m high-m fragmentation warhead. Yana halaka manpower, sadarwa cibiyoyin, hedkwatar, soja da kuma masana'antu da wuraren. A mafi ansu kafofin tarwatsa dako zuwa "Twister" ne 9M55S sanye take thermobaric warhead (abin da ake kira da man-iska nakiyoyi, ko injin bam). Materials na jihar gwaje-gwaje, wanda kayyade yadda ya dace da ta amfani, suna classified.
A halin yanzu, dangane da sama tarin harsasai ɓullo da sabon linzami tare da ƙara da harbe-harben da kewayon 90 kilomita. Ya kamata a lura da wani unconventional warhead. Yana da wani makami mai linzami da wani unmanned jirgin sama, wanda aka yi nufi ga saka idanu da kuma maƙiyi bincike domin rabin awa, kuma yana da babban mataki na invulnerability godiya ta zuwa ga kananan size.
A hadaddun MRL
Volley shigarwa "Smerch" kunshi wani fama abin hawa 9A52, halitta a kan tushen da hudu-aksali shasi da high giciye-Maz 543 hawa. Yana taru a kunshin na 12 shiryar da wani tubular siffar, akwai rediyo sadarwa kayan aiki, kazalika da samuwa kayan aiki wuta kula da tsarin. transportnozaryazhayuschaya inji ake amfani da loading da shirin mai gabatarwa, yana da 9T234 index, kuma a kan Maz-543. A fitarwa version na MLRS bayar da, a request, a maye mota "Tatra-816." Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a wasu kasashe, kamar India, akwai wani da raya sabis na wannan kamfanin. Don tabbatar da ingantaccen fama da aikace-aikacen saituna aka yi amfani: hadaddun IQ (Atomatik wuta iko) 9S729M1 "Ku jẽfa,-1" KamAZ-43114 ( «Tatra-T815"); Motoci ga surveying (1T12-2M index, Gaz-66). Meteorological radiopelengatsionny hadaddun 1B44 "Smile" ( "Ural-43203").
Kasashen da makamai a RZSO
By lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet ta ruguje a hannun uku regiments roka manyan bindigogi da aka shigarwa "Smerch". 336 rajimanti bayan shekarar 1991 ya zauna a cikin Belarus, 337 - a Rasha, da kuma 371 - a Ukraine. Bugu da kari ga muka ambata a sama kasashen, da kafuwa hidima a Azerbaijan, Aljeriya da Venezuela, Georgia, India, Kuwait, UAE, Peru da kuma Turkmenistan. Sashe na daga cikin tankuna a wadannan kasashen da aka sanya kai tsaye Rosoboronexport, da kuma wasu da aka sayar daga reserves na Soviet Ukraine da Belarus. China samar RZSO "Smerch" lasisi a kan ta shasi.
alamar aukuwa
A yau Rasha yana bunkasa sabon makami mai linzami tsarin. A hoto na daya daga cikinsu da aka wakilta, ya your hankali. Wannan shigarwa na "Kama" a cikin sabon shasi KAMAZ-6350 tare da 6 reluwe maimakon 12, wanda aka fara nuna a Aerospace show "MAKS-2007". RZSO kuma ci gaba wajen samar da sabon ƙarni na "iskar", wanda zai yi ceto a fama wajibi a Rasha Army da dakarun wasu ƙasashe.