Alcohols Shiri: Hanyar da Raw Materials

Alcohols an yi amfani da haka mutane da yawa masana'antu da kuma aikin da. Na su nuna daban-daban roba polymers, plasticizers, rubbers, ƙuna kuma da yawa wasu irin kayayyakin. Shiri na alcohols ne da za'ayi amfani da biochemical da kuma sinadaran hanyoyin. Mafi yawa daga cikinsu taro kayayyakin na petrochemical kira. Chemical kira na hydrocarbons ne mai gwada m samar da hanya. Shi ne kuma daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci hanyoyi ne samar da alcohols da olefins hydration. Kamar wancan samu isopropyl, sec- da tert-butyl da ethyl alcohols. Shiri na methyl barasa (methanol) ta dogara ne a kan sandararriyar barasan na itace.

Basic matakai da nuna alcohols:

• Alkaline hydrolysis halogen Kalam: samar da glycerol, benzyl barasa da sauransu.
• Hydration epoxides da alkenes: ethylene glycol, ethanol da kuma kama.
• Hydroformylation: hexanol, methanol, da dai sauransu
• hadawan abu da iskar shaka hanyoyin: samar da m alcohols.
• Farfadowa da na'ura Hanyar: mafi girma m alcohols, xylitol da sauransu.
• Biochemical hanyoyin: samar da glycerol da ethanol.

Daya daga cikin mafi taro-samar samfurin ne ethyl barasa (ethanol). A ta da asali, da aka ɓullo da wani hanya domin samar da roba roba. Ethanol da aka samu daga itace hydrolysis kayayyakin, ethylene sulfite sayar da giya da enzymatic Hanyar abinci raw kayan.

Shiri na alcohols (ethanol da methanol) daga abinci albarkatun kasa da katako ne tsada da kuma lokacin cinyewa tsari. Ethyl barasa ne yafi m da sauki don nuna daga wani m hydrocarbon feedstock, msl, tare da ethylene hydration. Don samun daya ton na ethanol da enzymatic hanya, wajibi ne a aiwatar da hudu ton na hatsi, ko takwas ton na sawdust. Don kwatanta, daya ton na ethanol da aka samu daga 2.5 ton na man fetur distillates ko ethylene gas. Labor halin kaka a mutum-hours a yi na ethanol daga daban-daban raw kayan: hatsi - 160, daga dankali - 280, na ethylene - 10. Shiri na petrochemical feedstock alcohols ne kasa m da kuma lokacin cinyewa.

Har ila yau muhimmanci sosai sinadaran samfurin ne methanol. Modern samar da methanol da aka za'ayi da kwayoyin kira dangane da carbon monoxide (II), ko da wani kira gas a wani masana'antu sikelin. Fasaha makircinsu, akwai daban-daban. Su za a iya raba da wadannan uku kungiyoyin.

- kira na tutiya-chromium catalysts a high matsin lamba. Wannan tsari ne wanda aka rabu amfani da maye gurbinsu da daban-daban kira hanyoyi a low matsa lamba.

- kira na jan-tutiya-aluminum mai kara kuzari a low matsa lamba. Amfani da hanyoyin da kira na low matsa lamba iya significantly rage kudin na samar da makamashi. Tare da wannan hanya na yi na bukatar wani babban mataki na tsarkakewa da albarkatun kasa impurities adversely shafi mai kara kuzari.

- wani uku-lokaci methanol kira a cikin tsarin da aka za'ayi a dakatar da inert ruwa da kuma finely raba kara kuzari. Wannan shi ne hanya don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa, yayin da rage makamashi ta halin kaka. Hanyar na shirya alcohols suna inganta. Uku-lokaci tsarin ne m samar da fasaha.