Natterjack: mazauninsu, description, photo

Zai yiwu karanta kalmar "rana" a cikin title na wannan labarin, wani wince a kyama. A mere ambaci wannan amphibian mutane da yawa ne quite m ƙungiyoyi: karba dabba frustrating saboda duk da fata a cikin "warts", da kuma a general bayyanar ba mafi m. Amma mu gaggauta tabbatar maka cewa wannan ba haka ba ne. Idan muka yi la'akari da hankali da toad, to, wannan dabba iya ko ji juyayi.

Yau akwai fiye da ɗari uku jinsunan frogs - da ruwa, hawa dare, viviparous. Amma a yau da gwarzo wannan labarin zai zama mafi byway natterjack. Wannan nau'in shi ne tartsatsi a Yammacin Turai, kuma a cikin yankuna na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet, ana samu ne kawai a cikin Baltic States, North-Western Ukraine da Belarus Yammacin.

Natterjack: description

Wannan amphibian daga m haihuwa toads (Bufo). Wani lokacin shi ake kira a smelly toad (Bufo calamita). Yana nufin da oda na tailless. Toad, photo wanda bai ma kowa a cikin wallafe na dabbobi, shi ne na hali wakilin iyalinsa, wanda zaune a kusan kowace nahiyar fãce Australia.

Ba za mu iya ce cewa wannan shi ne babban toad. Yana da wani matsakaici-sized dabba. Yawancin lokaci akwai mutane a kusa da biyar santimita a tsawon. Toads takwas santimita a tsawon kuma a kan su ne musamman rare.

waje siffofin

Natterjack yana da wani ban sha'awa launi. Ta mayar da ake fentin a haske launin toka da kuma zaitun kore. An rufe tare da m duhu aibobi. Light tsiri, wanda gudanar tare tsakiyar baya da kuma shugaban, ya bambanta wannan amphibian daga kore toad, wanda a yau shi ne mai tartsatsi ne.

Lumpy fata, amma ba tare da zangarniya. Wannan kafa ta baya daga frogs, wanda fata ne daidai santsi da kuma kariya daga bushewa fita gamsai. Fata kara toads guda rufe da yawa kananan gland secreting wani mai guba abu. Biyu mafi babba gland shine yake dake kusa da kunnuwa. Suna da ake kira parotidy.

A ciki ne a canza launin toka-fari ya dafa. The idanu aka shirya horizontally. Maza daga wannan nau'in na frogs da iko makogwaro cavities ta hanyar abin da suka ji a wata babbar nesa. Kuma na biyu ciki fil ne kusan guda girma. Maza da mãtã bambanta a cikin launi daga cikin makogwaro - a mace shi ne fentin fari, da kuma maza - da shunayya.

Kariya daga makiya

Yana da wani hadari natterjack ya samu daga yanayi ne don haka suna fadin saka launi da kuma m gland. Wannan shi ne kawai kariya daga wadannan jinkirin-motsi dabbobi a cikin gwagwarmayar zama. A gabansa hadari, natterjack yayi kokarin tserewa, amma sa'ad da ta ƙare su yi haka, da tsoron ta na jan kashe fata da kuma rufe tare da farin kumfa ruwa cewa yana da wani musamman m wari.

Don kauce wa fadowa ganima ga badgers, cara ko rekun kare, toad ya zama kusan ganuwa. Idan predator har yanzu gudanar da su lura da amphibian, kuma ansu rubuce-rubucen da shi, sa'an nan ya ba zai hãsadar. Dunƙule dafin gland, reflex-sakewa abu da pungent wari m, sosai m dandano, samar da emetic sakamako - yarda da cewa wannan "delicacy" iya jarabce kawai sosai yunwa predator. Mutum guba abubuwa secreted da gland, sa wata cũta ba, kuma ba sa warts (mafi na kowa kuskure).

mazauninsu

Mun riga ce cewa natterjack kowa a Turai, a gabas da arewa da ta kewayo kai UK, aka same shi a kudancin Sweden, a yammacin Belarus, a arewa maso yammacin ɓangare na Ukraine, a cikin Baltic Amirka. A kasar mu da shi za a iya gani kawai a cikin Kaliningrad yankin.

Ya fi son su rayu a cikin filayen kwari. Ya likes haske yashi ƙasa ne da warmed da rana, da kuma bushe bude yankunan. Yana yi kawaici a cikin yashi bankuna na koguna, kududdufai, tabkuna, overgrown tare da Bishiyoyi da herbaceous ciyayi, kawaici a kan Heath.

Za ka iya ganin toad a cikin fadamun, a kan gefuna da dazuzzuka, a cikin kaya maras amfani sansanonin, inda ta boye a karkashin bishiya, suya a tara. Natterjack ji dadi a kan ƙasar noma (da sako-sako da ƙasa). A Pyrenees shi yakan zuwa tsawo na fiye da shekaru biyu da rabi dubu mita saman teku matakin.

Halayyar a vivo

Bayan wani hunturu na natterjack yake aiki a karshen watan Afrilu. Yawancin aiki a yamma, da rana yake aiki rare, shi yawanci ya faru a hadari weather.

A cikin tsawon sauran (hunturu) ɓuya a kogwanni, ko wasu mafaka - a cikin halitta maharibai, a karkashin kankara, a crevices na duniya, wani lokacin binne a cikin ƙasa. Dalili na rage cin abinci - kwari. A lokacin kiwo kusan ba ya yarda da abinci. Jima'i balaga zo zuwa shekaru hudu. Rayuwa Hasashen ne shekaru goma sha biyar.

Mai goge natterjack aika a cikin marigayi Agusta a lokacin da iska zazzabi saukad da zuwa 10 ° C.

A natterjack ciyarwa?

Cane toads fi son a ciyar a kan kwaro rarrafe tururuwa, beetles, dodon kodi, tsutsotsi, da sauran.

Wannan toad (photo kuke gani a kasa) - daya daga cikin 'yan cikin "dangi" yake bin ganima. Scenting ganima, ta wajen sauri ya juya zuwa ga ta da grabs ta bakin.

haifuwa

Propagated natterjack a warmed m tsaye ruwa jikinsu, dauke da overgrown tare da ciyayi. Wani lokaci mace kayansa mãsu qwai a ruwan zartsi ruwan. Domin haifuwa bukatar ruwa da zazzabi ba kasa da +18 ° C. Wannan zamani yana daga cikin rabi na biyu na Afrilu zuwa karshen watan Yuli. Mass spawning kullum faruwa a May ko Yuni.

Yawancin lokaci da rana a wannan lokaci na mutum ne a kasa da tafki. Ikryanoe igiyoyinsu da nisa daga biyar millimeters da tsawon 1.6 mita. A rare lokuta, su iya isa a tsawon 3.2 m. Suna located a wata m zurfin (20 cm). Qwai 1.6 mm diamita located in jeri biyu. A lokaci daya mace na iya sa har zuwa 5.250 qwai.

The larvae girma zuwa 8.5 mm. Development ci gaba da 55 days. Kafin tadpole metamorphosis toad tsiro up to 28 mm. Suka ciyar a kan detritus, protozoans a kan phytoplankton da kananan crustaceans.

Toads wannan nau'in girma sosai a hankali. Lokacin da tadpole zama kananan amma brisk toad, dabba zo daga tafki. Juveniles wanda da kawai fito a kan ƙasa, a cikin tsawon 1 santimita. Suna sosai hikima ya hau, latsa ciki.

ƙarfi

A tsohon Tarayyar Soviet natterjack zaune a kan m gefen fuska. Wannan nau'in rarraba sosai unevenly. A wasu yankuna, da lambar shi ne quite high, yayin da wasu da bikin murnar faduwar da lambar kuma rage mazauninsu.

Yana auku a kan ƙasa na wasu reserves. Wannan nau'in ana kiyaye shi ta da Bern Yarjejeniyar (Annex II). A ƙasashe da dama, shi ne mai rare irin natterjack. The Red Littãfi da Tarayyar Soviet, kazalika da Red Littãfi daga Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia da Estonia, da Rasha sun sanya a cikin amphibian tsaro lists. Lafiyar Qasa da jinsunan karatu ne a halin yanzu rashin cancantar kansu.

Natterjack: Interesting Facts

Wannan rana ne ba su iya tsalle da kyau, kamar frogs, saboda shi ya fi guntu Hind kafafu. Ta tsalle suna kuma ba da tsayi kuma dogon.

Toad na da irin wannan - mummunar ninkaya, saboda haka da cewa yana cikin wani m jiki na ruwa, shi iya nutsar.

Amma ta iya basira hawa bishiya dungu ko fita daga wani rami mai zurfi. Bugu da kari, shi saukin jan ciki a kan karkata akwati na itace, amma kawai idan haushi yana da akalla kadan roughness.

Kuma wata gaskiya. Natterjack sosai ban sha'awa motsa: shi ne ba rarrafe, ba tsalle, kuma yanã tafiya da gaggãwa, da kuma a kan duk hudu kafafu da kuma lankwasawa your baya funny. Wannan shi ne reminiscent na kananan hakori, amma ba tailless halittar dabba mai kafafuwa.

Natterjack bayar da muƙamin da loudest frogs a duniya. mita sautina jefarwa da maza a lokacin da ma'abota kakar, daya da rabi dubu hertz.

Wani lokaci kara toads ficewa domin hunturu tsattsewa 'sheƙarsu a kan yashi gaba. A daya mink iya shirya 'yan toads.