"Ikarus 250": fasaha bayani dalla-dalla da kuma hotuna

The girma Soviet jihar a lokacin, shi yana bukatar wani na ɗaki da kuma dadi bas. Personal hanya kai ga 'yan kasa da aka ba sosai, don haka nesa tafiya an dauke quite matsala al'amarinsu. Na sadaukar da taimaka shuka da Hungarian Ikarus, inda ya fara samar da almara "Ikarus 250".

Ya kamata a lura da cewa su samar da ba a fara daga karce, kamar yadda a karshen shekarar 1960 da aka ɓullo da manufar Bus 200 jerin, wanda sun kasance m kalma hanya kai ga ajalinsa. Ainihin ra'ayin, wanda ƙaddara su ƙaddarawa, Yaduwar bas "Ikarus 250" ya zama wani babban modularity da daidaituwa, wanda ba ka damar da sauri da kuma saukake shiga da samar da sabon model. Simplifying da zane ya yarda ya sa a kan hannun jari na sabon bas ne riga a farkon 70-ies karni na karshe.

The rai labari na Soviet hanyoyi

Model "Ikarus 250" da ke cikin samarwa daga shekara ta 1971 zuwa 2003. Domin fiye da 32 shekara! An yi imani da cewa a lokacin wannan lokaci ganuwar da shuka bar game da 150 dubu motoci. Da farko, wannan bas ne yadu shigo a cikin "fraternal" jamhuriyoyin ga kungiyar na nesa zirga-zirga, amma nan da nan, saboda da kara ci gaban birane, inji fara sa kawai a kan m flights. Saboda da damar da ta'aziyyar da "Icarus" sosai m daban-daban yawon shakatawa da kungiyoyi, wanda ya yi amfani da su don shirya balaguro din.

A kudancin jamhuriyoyin har yanzu aikata cire duk fasinja kujeru a cikin gida, ya bi ta hanyar hira "Icarus" a babbar lorries. Duk da haka, ga al'ada aiki da shi wajibi ne don iterate da kuma sake tafasa sosai da dukan dakatar, a matsayin tsohon corny ba zai iya jimre da ƙara lodi. Duk da haka, wannan halin da ake ciki shi ne ba na musamman zuwa kasar mu, "Ikarus 250" ya auku ko da a cikin Amurka da kuma Latin Amurka. Hakika, mafi yawan motocin da jerin ne yanzu a irin wannan yanayin talauci, cewa su aiki ne tsananin lokaci-lokaci.

Muhimman bayanai game da model

Oddly isa, ko da jikin zanen a ja da fari layi a kasa, a wani lokaci kayyade mutum jihar misali. A sabon tsarin ya bambanta daga da magabata ba kawai cewa, amma kuma yafi elongated jiki. A kowane gefen sun biyar m windows cewa (a cikin 'yan shekarun nan) za a iya tinted a kan request. Vents suna located ta taga, a kan rufin akwai m m iska intakes, daya daga wanda za a iya amfani da a matsayin mafaka ƙyanƙyashe. Yana kamata a lura da cewa bas "Ikarus 250" da aka asali daban-daban da su daga birane "uwan" tare da hudu zagaye fitilolin mota (biyu a kowane gefe). A wasu iri da muka sa Haske a kan rufin.

A mafi yawan 'yan canji halin gaban biyu gaba daya glazed kofofin. A farko sanye take da wani pneumatic actuator wanda aka kunna ta danna maɓallin button a kan panel. The kofa da aka motsi a layi daya ga jirgin. Ban sha'awa, amma a kan wasu bas pneumatic actuator shi ya ba asali, amma saboda shi yana da da za a bude da kuma rufe da hannu. Na biyu kofa ne a "mai tsanani" sashe yana buɗe kuma rufe da wata manual liba.

game da salon

Hakika, bas "Ikarus 250" yana ba sanye take da gida, wanda yake a kalla wasu har za a iya kira zamani, amma har yanzu m shortcomings da ba. Yana za a iya kafa daga 43 zuwa 57 guda biyu tare da katako, wurin zama armrests, da nisa tsakanin kujeru ne sosai kananan, kawai 65 cm. A kujeru haka ne isasshe m, kuma sun tabbatar bad a lokacin dogon flights. Amma kowane biyu na kujerun da mutum iska ducts da kananan fitilu, da cewa ga 70-ies a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ya da wani abu "cosmic".

Saukaka / cikas ga fasinjoji

Domin janar ciki lighting hadu da uku ƙananan Dome da takwas fitilu a kowane. Dumama - radiators, shigar karkashin kowane biyu na kujerun, tare da dumama da ruwa ya gana da engine sanyaya tsarin. Bus ƙwarai a cikin abin da shi ƙwarai kasa kasa da wurin zama. Wannan ba kawai muhimmanci mika kaya daki, amma kuma gaba daya ware da "kumbura" da ƙafafun. Duk da haka, wannan ciki zane YA KAFA "Ikarus 250/40" (da wasu bambance-bambancen karatu) shi ne kusan m ga birane amfani, kamar yadda fasinjoji, wanda sau da yawa zo da tafi a ƙunƙuntaccen nassi ne musamman m.

A al'ada datsa a kan windows saka blinds da suke matukar dadi a lokacin dogon flights da rana, sa'ad da rana zai iya hana mutane daga shan wani ɗan rurumi. A gaban wani ɓangare na fasinja daki halin da kara nadawa kujera wanda aka yi amfani a matsayin shiryar, masu kula, ko ƙarin direban zaune a can. A fitarwa version na "Ikarus 250/40" (photo na bas aka gabatar a cikin labarin) a ƙarshen frame aka saka musamman dakin da bayan gida da kuma a kananan firiji. Abin baƙin ciki, a Turai na Tarayyar Soviet da wannan nau'in ba ta kasance ba kowa fiye da wasu "Cadillac". A cikin gida da aka saka da baya da wani ƙarin biyar wuraren zama, ko da yake tafiya a kan su shi ne musamman sharri saboda engine zafi da kuma karfi vibrations daga gare shi.

direba ta wurin

Tuƙi - rubuta ZF S6-90U. Direba ta wurin a kan salon da kuma ayyuka ba ya bambanta daga fasinja. The kawai gargadi - tsawo gyara. Daga ciki filin aiki direba ba rabu, fãce kaɗan garun gilashi. Dashboard halin da manyan size da kuma mai kyau readability na na'urori masu auna sigina: wani injin gwada sauri, a tachometer, a voltmeter, da kuma man fetur matakin nuna alama.

jiki

Taru daga square shambura, wagon irin. Designers ya azurta hanya amfani ga a kalla uku da suka gabata. Alas, wannan wani shiri take kaiwa zuwa m sakamakon. Idan bas da aka sarrafa a cikin matsananci yanayin ba tare da manyan gyare-gyare, da jiki sashe a baya na zahiri sagged dauke da deforming da salon. A kowane gefen akwai biyu manyan kaya daki (ɗaya a kowane gefe), kowane girma ne 5.3 m ^3. Open compartments a hanyoyi biyu: ko dai ta wajen wani hannunka liba kai tsaye a jiki, ko ta amfani da maballin a gaban mota.

The raya damina a kan bas "Ikarus 250" (photo za ka gani a wannan abu) karfe, a haɗe da jiki ta hanyar waldi fasteners. A farko jerin bas a gaban shigar kusan daidai da wannan damina, ya bambanta, a wasu qananan bayani. Saboda m sanyata karfe worthlessness, baya suka fara kafa roba yi cewa a yarda da dama mai rahusa yi.

game da injuna

Mafi sau da yawa engine "Ikarus 250" - sananne tsakanin direbobi Raba-MAN D2156HM6U, kamar yadda akwai motoci sanye take da Raba D10 da D11. Sun kasance a-line, muna da wani shida Silinda, turbocharged. Su kauri ya bambance bambancen, da mafi m gyara bayar zuwa 220 lita. wani. A cikin 'yan shekaru, ya tashe dizal bas Raba-MAN D2156HM6. Ikon da wadannan injuna ya dan kadan mafi girma, amma su na asali halaye zama guda. A general rashin engine - wani mummunan yi har ma fiye da bakin ciki gogayya a kan bottoms. Wadannan dalilai sanin yadda bad hanzari da kuma musamman korau halaye a lokacin da tuki Uphill.

Mutane da yawa tuna yadda "Icarus" kusan dauki wadanda hours of hadari fito, wanda sun jimre har "Maz" gaba daya "matattu" injuna. Duk da haka, a cikin wani madaidaiciya line, wadannan diesels iya da kyau samar da akai gudun 100 km / h, wanda ga Soviet bas su da kyau sakamakon.

Ribobi da fursunoni na Raba D10 (D11)

Babban disadvantages ne guda - kuzarin kawo cikas da kuma hanzari, ko da yake wadannan injuna har yanzu nuna fi kyau sakamakon. Amma suka kammala fi inganci sassa, a daidai m AMINCI, karko da kuma maintainability na engine. Wannan kawai rauni kuzarin kawo cikas, guda biyu tare da tartsatsi a cikin mafi sassa na Tarayyar Soviet Tuddan hanyoyi da m rubucen negate dukan amfanin da sauri cin rai. Engines da lalacewa fara makarkata karfi da kuma hayaki. Bugu da kari, "bayi" sun sananne a Soviet direbobi, a matsayin mai cinyewa a cosmic sikelin. Wannan mafarki yana engine direbobi Detroit DieselCummins VT350DAF LT120, wanda aka kwace wa kusan duk shortcomings "Bawan" da aka fi tattali da kuma karin iko, amma kusan taba faruwa a kudi ne yayi amfani da a cikin ƙasa da Tarayyar Soviet inji.

PPC

Cpt manual, da matakai shida, aiki tare a cikin bango a lokacin nan, quite m. A peculiarity wannan akwatin shi ne cewa shi, ko da yake ba zai amfana wa m hanzari, na samar da wani barga, kuma mun gwada tattali motsi a high gudu, wanda ya m ga Soviet bas. A actuator hada da wani karfafa cardan shafts tare da gidajen abinci. bushe irin kama, da kuma aka sanye take da wani pneumatic na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa mai kara amfani.

Braking yi

Bus "Ikarus 250" bayani dalla-dalla wanda muka duba yiwuwar, aka sanye take da wani dual-kewaye drum birki. A birki actuator da pneumatic actuator. Birki ganguna da radius na 21 cm da su kauri, bi da bi 14 da kuma 18 cm. Lokacin da matsakaicin motsi ga mazauna kudi na 60 km / h, da braking nesa ya tashi zuwa 37 mita. A filin ajiye motoci birki kan raya ƙafafun - inji marẽmari da pneumatic actuator. An karin birki actuator, wanda ayyuka Kwafin filin ajiye motoci. Matsawa actuators a cikin tsarin - daga 6.2 zuwa 7.4 kgf / cm ^2. Don sakamakon condensate ba akwai tarewa da birki in winter, amfani da musamman m kan fasaha barasa.

sauran Features

Lighting katako sanye take da fitilu rated a 45 watts, ana amfani da low katako fitilar 40 watts. A gefe fitilu suna shigar Villtes Series kwararan fitila zuwa 5 watts. Idan akwai wani gazawar da sanyaya tsarin ko da engine matsawa batu digo a cikin hoses na birki tsarin a cikin kayan aiki panel sa'an nan Lights sama a ja alama. Baturin sallama nuna alama kuma sakonni daban. Don gyara bas ne dace a cewa duk lantarki fis din suna located kai tsaye a kan direba ta wurin, kamar guda naúrar.

A ka'ida, bas "Ikarus 250" (photos na wanda za ka gani a cikin labarin) da suna mai kyau tsakanin fasinjoji, wanda fiye da m gamsuwa ba kawai kasa aiki oteplitelya hunturu. Wasu dalilai ba sosai rage ta'aziyya a cikin tafiya. Ci gaba a lokacin salon da armchairs, mai karko da dakatar da al'ada samun iska tsarin - Waɗannan su ne abubuwan da ya tafi a zumunta ta'aziyya a tsawon nisa. Shi ne ba abin mamaki bane cewa a wasu wuraren "Ikarus 250/59" da aka sarrafa har yanzu.