Misalai rudiments. Atavism da rudiments: misalai

Atavism da rudiments, misalai na wanda za a tattauna a wannan labarin ne ba gardama shaida juyin cigaban ka'idar rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Me yi wadannan Concepts da kuma abin da yake da muhimmanci na samu na kimiyyar zamani?

shaida juyin halitta

Juyin Halitta da aka kira rashin komowar aiwatar da ci gaban da dukan abubuwa masu rai daga sauki ga hadaddun. Wannan yana nufin cewa a lokacin da kwayoyin suna maye gurbin juna. Kowane m tsara yana da mafi m fasali na ginin, wanda ya kai ga karbuwa da sabon yanayin rayuwa. Wannan yana nufin cewa kwayoyin na zuwa daban-daban taxonomic raka'a, ya kamata da irin wannan fasali.

Alal misali, forelimbs tsuntsaye da pinnipeds dabbobi masu shayarwa kunshi cikin wannan sashen. Wannan kafada, hannu da dantse, kuma wuyan hannu. Amma saboda tsuntsaye suna saba tashi da wannan hanya da suka canza kama zuwa fuka-fuki, da kuma cikin ruwa mazaunan mutates cikin lasty.Takie kira gabobin homologue.

Wani hujja da ka'idar juyin halitta ne irin wannan. Saboda haka, a cikin kwari, da kuma jemagu suna da fikafikai. Amma a farko, su ake samu daga epithelial nama, da kuma a cikin Lãhira, suna fata folds tsakanin gaba da raya extremities. Waɗannan jikuna da daban-daban dabam, amma suna da na kowa siffofin na sifa da aiki. Wannan sabon abu ya tashi daga bambance-bambance da siffofin ko bambanta rarrabuwar.

Atavisms rudiments da kuma exemplified nazarin kamanta haltta ne ma kai tsaye shaida daga cikin dangantakar da ke tsakanin a total live.

Mene ne wani rudiment?

Wasu Hukumomin sun ce "raya rudimentary." Wannan yana nufin - bai isa ba don aiwatar da nufin ayyuka. A gaskiya, da rudiments kira hukumomi, wanda a cikin shakka daga juyin halitta suka rasa asalin ma'anar. A daya hannun, suna ci gaba da zuwa wasu har, da kuma a kan sauran - su ne a kan nau'i nau'i mataki. Hankula misalai na vestiges - wani canji a cikin siffar da kunne da kuma digiri na ci gaba tsokoki cewa kewaye da shi. Kakanninmu kowane minti daya shi ya zama dole su kasa kunne ga m na hadari ko wani dogon-jiran dawo. Saboda haka, harsashi siffar da aka fi m, kuma tsokoki samar da motsi. Mutumin zamani ta ikon yi lilo da kunnuwa kamar wuya ya zama da amfani a rayuwar yau da kullum. Saboda haka, mutane da wadannan basira za a iya samu sosai da wuya.

Misalai rudiments a jikin mutane da dabbobi

Underdeveloped gabobin muhimmi kakanninsa samu a cikin dabbobi sau da yawa isa. Misalai rudiments - shi ne kasancewar a cikin mutane da coccyx, wanda shi ne sauran mai wutsiya kashin baya, kazalika da hikima hakora da ake bukata domin taban da ake m da unprocessed abinci. A wannan mataki, mun kusan ba su yi amfani da waɗanda sassa na jiki. Shafi - a rudiment, wanda mutumin da ake zargin gada daga herbivores. Wannan bangare na narkewa kamar tsarin asirce enzymes da aka hannu a cikin ƙasƙanci tsari, amma idan aka kwatanta da kakanninmu da yawa taqaitaccen. Don kwatanta, a ɗan adam, ta talakawan tsawon shi ne game da 10 cm, da kuma tumaki ko raƙumi - 'yan mita.

List of adam rudiments ya ci gaba da uku fatar ido. A dabbobi masu rarrafe dabbobi wannan tsarin moisturises da kuma wanke da matsanancin harsashi idanu. A cikin mutane, shi har yanzu yana da kananan size, da kuma na sama ayyuka suna yi da babba fatar ido. Alãma ne tabo on saman mutum sama - yana da farkon na gaba jere na hakora, a cikin abin da mutum ba ya bukatar zuwa.

Rudiments dabbobi suna boye a cikin jiki hindlimbs Whales, halters da dipteran kwari kotoryeya biyu daga fuka-fuki ne reshaped. Amma macizai wata gabar jiki ba ci gaba, saboda saboda da peculiarities na oporono motor tsarin, da bukatar su ne gaba daya ba a nan.

Rudiments: photos na shuke-shuke

Gabobi marasa aiki da a tsire-tsire. Alal misali, sako kujera yana da kyau ɓullo da rhizome, wanda shi ne wani boye gudun hijira tare da elongated internodes. Shi ne a fili a bayyane kananan Sikeli, wanda suke rudimentary ganye. Kamar yadda a karkashin kasa shi ba zai iya yin ta asali aiki - ganin na photosynthesis, sa'an nan a cikin su ci gaba ba dole ba ne. Rudiment rudimentary pistil kuma shi ne a cikin nau'i na tubercle a staminate furanni cucumbers.

Mene ne wani atavism?

Wani hujja da juyin halitta ne mai throwback. Za mu iya cewa wannan ra'ayi ne da akasin rudiments. Atavism kira bayyanuwar a mutane na dabiu halayyar su da kakanninsu. Kasancewarsu kuma nuna wani mataki na kinship daga mutãnen ƙarnõnin da. A farkon matakai na amfrayo ci gaba da kuma na da wutsiya da gill pouches. Idan embryogenesis auku daidai, wadannan Tsarin zai gushe ci gaba. A hali na take hakkin da ci gaban tsarin da haske iya bayyana daidaikun mutane da uncharacteristic tsarin fasali. Saboda haka, tailed yaro da kuma mutum-amphibian - ba kawai wani kirkirarren labari.

atavism mutum

Bugu da kari ya bayyanar da wutsiya hali na atavism a cikin mutane ne ya wuce kima jiki gashi. Wani lokaci yana da yawa mafi girma fiye da na al'ada. Akwai lokuta lokacin da gashi aka rufi da dukan jiki ba fãce da dabĩnai da tafin ƙafafunsa. Atavism dauke da ya faru na ƙarin mammary gland a jiki, da kuma kamar na iya faruwa a duka biyu mata da maza. Wannan yanayin da aka samu daga dabbobi masu shayarwa, a cikin abin da yawa yara da aka haife. Kamar haka akwai bukatar a kawo dukkan su a lokaci guda. A cikin mutane, babu irin wannan bukatar.

A jeri na biyu na hakora - ƙunshi muhimmi a cikin mu m kakanninsu. Alal misali, a shark da dama layuka. Wannan wajibi ne ga m da yara kama da rike ganima. Akwai wani ra'ayi da cewa za a iya gani a throwback da microcephaly. Yana da wani kwayoyin cuta wanda ya bayyana a rage girman kwakwalwa da kuma kwanyar. A wannan yanayin, duk sauran jiki rabbai ne na al'ada. Wannan entails shafi tunanin mutum retardation.

Man pryavlyaet wasu alamu na dabbobi a cikin nau'i na reflexes. Alal misali, hiccups ne na hali fasalin na zamanin d halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Wannan dauki ya wajaba a gare su su wuce ruwa ta hanyar numfashi tsarin. A fahimtar reflex, wanda aka musamman da kyau ci gaba a yara, shi ne wata alama ce ta irin dabba mai shayarwa. Suna dauke da iyayensu 'gashi, ba za a rasa.

Atavism dabbobi da shuke-shuke

Misalan manifestations na kakanninmu dabiu a cikin dabbobi ne bayyanar ulu ko Hind wata gabar jiki a Whales. Wannan shi ne hujja daga cikin asalin wadannan dabbobi a kan dadaddun hoofed dabbobi masu shayarwa. Atavism ne ma wajen samar da karin yatsunsu a cikin zamani da dawakai, da motsi wata gabar jiki a macizai da legless kadangaru. Primroses sun kasance wani lokacin da karuwa a yawan stamens da 10. Saboda haka da yawa da kakanni na zamani shuke-shuke. Ko da yake zamani siffofin kawai 5 stamens.

A Sanadin juyin canje-canje

Kamar yadda ka gani, da rudiments da atavism faruwa a yawancin jinsuna na shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Wannan ya nuna a wasu mataki na kinship tsakanin daban-daban taxonomic raka'a cikin wannan daula. Evolutionary canje-canje ko da yaushe faruwa a cikin shugabanci na kara wuya, da haka da cewa halittu suke iya mafi daidaita da muhalli da yanayi ko inyi.

Ka yi la'akari da misalin na rudiments da atavism, mun gani a cikin al'umma tsarin da kwayoyin duniya da daidaito da ka'idar juyin halitta.