Mene ne wani rudiment? Rudiments da atavism - quirks yanayi ko da shaida ga juyin halitta?

Mene ne wani rudiment? Wannan bangare na shuka ko dabba jiki, ba ya aikata ta aiki, wanda shi ne aka yi nufi. Rayayyun kwayoyin halitta fifita gabobi Tsarin, kuma su binciken samar da karin damar tabbatar da ci gaba.

Misalai rudiments a cikin dabba duniya

Mene ne rudiments? Misalai za a iya samu a ko'ina. Alal misali, dandelions, ko da yake sun haifa ba tare da hadi, har yanzu suna da furanni da kuma siffar pollen. Daga cikin kwari za a iya samu flightless beetles, wanda sun kafa cikakken fuka-fuki an boye daga ƙarƙashinsu da m Fused elytra.

Dabbobi masu rarrafe kamar pythons, har yanzu suna da gabobi kafafuwa, ba a haɗe zuwa vertebrae (as a mafi vertabrate) - shi kawai gudãna, a cikin kogon ciki. Wannan shaida cewa macizai samo asali daga hudu kananan kafafu, da abubuwa masu rarrafe. Wasu kadangaru ne rudimentary, gabobi kafafu karkashin fata da suke da imperceptible daga waje.

Dabbobin da yawa da rudimentary idanu. Alal misali, kogon karkashin ruwa mazaunan kamar su kifi (Mexican tetra da salamander jinsunan Typhlotriton spelaeus da Proteus anguinus), makafi, amma suna da wani rudimentary gabobi idanu. Eyes Mexican tetra da ruwan tabarau, degenerative akan tantanin ido da kuma na gani jijiya. Makafi salaman da idanu da yara da na waje haske ne rufaffiyar eyelids.

Whales da gabobi kafafuwa da kuma Hind kafafu. The kafa ƙasũsuwa ne ba a cikin jiki na Whale, amma ba a haɗe da sauran kwarangwal. Maimakon haka, suna kawai dashi a cikin dabba nama. Yana da wani wasiya ga juyin halitta na Whales daga terrestrial kakanni, tare da consequent asarar da Hind wata gabar jiki da kuma kafafuwa. Duk da cewa ya kasance rudimentary a zamani Whales, shi ne ragowar wadannan sifofi.

mutum vestiges

Mene ne wani rudiment? Wannan sashi na jiki, ya ɓace a cikin juyin halitta ta kai tsaye manufa, kamar mutum appendix, wanda da zarar bauta wani muhimmin aiki, kuma yanzu ne ya fi zãlunci daga mai kyau. A coccyx ne sauran wutsiya, ƙashi na daga magabatan mannyan birai - shi ne mai saura ɓangare na da amfrayo wutsiya, wanda aka kafa a jikin mutum, sa'an nan bazu da "ci" da rigakafi da tsarin. Amma wasu mutane da har yanzu, ko da yake musamman rare, an haife tare da wutsiyoyi (atavism).

Wasu mutane na iya yi lilo kunnuwansu, ko da yake wannan dukiya ne muhimmi Cats da kuma sauran dabbobi da ake bukata domin sarrafawa daga sauti yayin farauta. Magabatan da mutane san sun kasance herbivorous, da kuma hakora da aka bukata domin taban da ake da nika shuka abinci. Fiye da 90% na dukkan manya da ake kira hikima hakora. Wadannan m hakora wani lokacin girma yadda ya kamata da kuma zai iya haifar da ciwo mai tsanani. Sau da yawa mutane kawai rabu da su.

A bayyanar "Goose bumps" a cikin mutane shi ne ma mai rudimentary alama. Wannan dauki yakan auku a lokacin da sanyi, ko tsoro. Tsokoki a gindin kowane gashi da aiki don ya dauke da gashi up. A dabbobi, wannan aiki ne da alaka da zafi riƙewa. A wannan matsala na iya faruwa idan dabba ne a karkashin barazana. A wannan lokaci, "a tsayawar-up Jawo" damar da dabba don duba ƙarin menacing da kuma barazana.

Ba gardama shaida ga juyin halitta

ya kamata a lura cewa kowane jinsi yana da wani musamman pedigree ga karatu da misali phylogenetic itace. Kowane kwayoyin yana da wani musamman jerin magabata a haɗa shi da su. Ya kamata a sa ran cewa kwayoyin su ne shaida wannan pedigree tarihi. Mene ne wani rudiment? A ilmin halitta, wannan ilimin Halittar Jiki da kuma kwayoyin siffofin da suke da basa aiki.

Mene ne wani rudiment? Alal misali, fikafikan tsuntsaye ne sosai hadaddun kwayoyin ra'ayi, structures, musamman maida shi musamman domin Powered jirgin, amma akwai tsuntsaye da ke shawagi ba a ba. A daukan hankali misali - da owls fuka-fuki wanda za a iya amincewa kira gabobi marasa aiki, tun da suka ba da ake bukata domin jirgin, amma wajen daidaita alhãli kuwa yanã gudãna da ma'abota raye-raye.

m masana kimiyya

Gabobi Tsarin haifar da wani damuwa naturalists cikin tarihi. Wannan tambaya sha'awar masana kimiyya dogon kafin Darwin farko samarwa da duniya ka'idar The Origin of Species. Masana kimiyya da dama hankalinsu XVIII-XIX karni, kamar Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832), Georges-Lui Leklerk, Comte de Buffon (1707-1788) da kuma Zhorzh Kyuve (1769-1832) an karatu da wannan matsala.

Shekaru sittin kafin littafin na "The Origin of Species," Darwin, mashawarta Faransa gwani a haltta Geoffroy Saint Hilaire (1772-1844) jawabi batun gabobi fuka-fuki na wani jimina da cassowary. Ya kasance a wata asara me yanayi ko da yaushe ya fita "ya bi sawun jiki," wanda aka ba da ake bukata. Shekaru goma daga baya, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) ya ba da definition wasu gabobi Tsarin cikin "Zoological Falsafa".

atavism

Atavism ne wasu halaye muhimmi ga wani karamin rukuni na kwayoyin. Misalan sun ha] adam wutsiya (coccygeal tsinkaya), ƙarin ko webbed yatsunsu, mahaukaci hairiness, sublingual tsoka a karnuka da sauransu. Wasu kwayoyin halittu, misali, saukar a baby, kawai deactivated bayan haihuwa. Mene ne rudiments da atavism? Wannan shi ne kawai da tip na dutsen kankara na shaida juyin halitta.

Atavism halaye ne:

1) gaban adult mataki na rayuwa.

2) babu alamun iyaye ko 'yan kakanninsu.

3) wani matsananci rarity a cikin yawan.

Daya daga cikin mafi ban mamaki atavism ne mutum wutsiyoyi. Wasu suna da taushi, dauke da kawai tsokoki, jini da kuma jijiyoyi. Wani lokaci yana iya zama ba guringuntsi. Wadannan wutsiyoyi za a iya cire surgically. By Atavisms hada da manyan yawan nonna (2-x).

wasanin gwada ilimi juyin halitta

Abin da yake a cikin rudiments na ilmin halitta? Yana hukumomi, rasa su kai tsaye nufi da an daina cika su kai tsaye ayyuka. Idan duk kwayoyin sauko daga magabata daya, sa'an nan da asara ko saye da daban-daban ayyuka da kuma Tsarin ne ya sa ta tarihi Ba'a.