Jinsin dabbobi: misalai, rarrabuwa

A duniyarmu, akwai m iri daban-daban dabbobi. Don hankalta da su, shi wajibi ne, don su bincika rarrabuwa, wanda ya hada da iri, azuzuwan da kuma kungiyoyin. Siffofin ne matakin karshe na division, domin su adadin ne don haka manyan. Better ya dauki 'yan asali iri dabbobi, wanda suke da yawa kasa. Karatu su bijiro da batun kafa jinsunan zai zama fiye da m.

Sponges

Na dogon lokaci wadannan dabbobi an dauke da shuke-shuke. Kimiyya ta yi nazari kan tsarin kwanan nan. Soso irin hada da wani m iri-iri na dabbobi. Misalan wadannan za a iya jera na dogon lokaci. Wakilai ko da yaushe suna zaune a cikin ruwa yanayi, amma sun bambanta a cikin bayyanar sosai m hanya. Sponges iya kama wani lackluster growths, lozenges, twigs ko lumps. Glass gani na wadannan dabbobi dubi wuce yarda da kyau da kuma shi ne mai real fitacciyar yanayi - abin da ake kira Venus kwandon ko teku orange ze m da translucent. Akwai kuma na kowa siffofin - misali, Sponges, da wuya motsi. Duk da haka, kowane irin iya ba tare da wani matsaloli don samun abinci - ta wucewa ta cikin jiki tsawwala kundin na ruwa, da kwayoyin daga waxanda suke da abinci da kuma wadannan m tãlikai. Amma da ban sha'awa abu ne cewa, daidaituwa da sunayen wadannan dabbobi da sunan kayan gida don wanka ko tsabtatawa ne ba ta hanyar kwatsam: a baya da wannan manufa shi ne amfani da zaune Sponges da suke da amfani ga fata da kuma na iya zama sosai m ga tabawa.

coelenterates

Saboda haka, da jeri jinsunan, misalai ya kamata a raba cikin Categories bisa ga main iri. Next - coelenterates kaskantattu halittu ne wadanda jikuna an hada da kawai biyu yadudduka na Kwayoyin. All iri, tare da waɗansu 'yan ƙalilan, da ake samu a cikin ruwa yanayi. Alal misali, wannan hydroid evdendrium, da murjani, Acropora ko siphonophores fizofora. Kowace daga cikin wadannan iri musamman bayyanar - wasu ne kamar kananan itatuwa, yayin da wasu kama gashinsa. Su suna da ha ta al'ada live a mazauna, da kuma tsarin da jiki - kamar yadda a fili daga cikin sunan, kadai jiki rami ne hanji. All iri za a iya raba kungiyoyin biyu: da polyps, wanda aka located a wani wuri, ko jellyfish, wanda zai iya zama mobile.

tsutsotsi

Jeri jinsin wanda jerin sosai tsawon, yana da daraja ambata cewa irin. Tsutsotsin iya zama lebur, zagaye da ringed. Duk wadannan jinsuna ne united tsarin da dama cell yadudduka - ectoderm, da indodem, da kuma mesodam. jiki cavities tsutsotsi akwai, jiki da aka yi sama da parenchyma, wanda ya yi aikin dukan zama dole ayyuka. Duk da haka, akwai wani bambanci tsakanin wadannan iri. Flatworms da kwakwalwa kara, a zagaye akwai 'yan tsaye da kuma peripharyngeal jijiya zobe, da kuma a annelid - da enteric juyayi tsarin. Bugu da kari, cikin karshen gabatar da wani rufaffiyar jijiyoyi, wanda wasu ba su da.

clams

Ya kamata karatu ba kawai m nau'in. Nau'in hada da yafi m kwayoyin, kamar Shellfish. Yana da wani irin da ya hada da matsakaicin yawan jinsunan. Shin kwayoyin da cewa rayuwa a cikin tẽku (oysters, dorinar ruwa, mussels, squid), sabo ruwa (mussel, viviparus, mollusks) ko rigar ƙasa (dodon kodi, slugs). Girma na clams da daban-daban iri ne sosai daban-daban, za su iya zama sosai kankanin ( 'yan millimeters) ko a matsayin babban matsayin fiye da ashirin da mita a tsawon. Mutane da yawa kai a sedentary salon, amma wasu za su iya matsawa da jet hanya. Wannan squid da irin wannan nau'in. Nau'in molluscs kuma ya hada da zažužžukan kamar cephalopods bivalve da gastropod. Wasu da harsashi, kunsha da dama yadudduka (sashen dutsen corneum da lemun tsami), amma mutane da yawa sun rasa shi a cikin shakka daga juyin halitta. Hadawa da duk wadannan jinsuna, sunayen wadda, ta hanyar, sun hada da kuma katantanwa, da kuma squid, tsarin na narkewa kamar tsarin. Ya kunshi raka'a hudu daga gaba, tsakiya da kuma raya hanjinsu. Wasu mutane da suka sãɓã wa jũna murdede harshe tare da hakora, yayin da wasu ciyar a kan passively, kawai ta tace abinci daga ruwa dakatar gills. Duk wani nau'i na Sistem sakulasan ne sistem ba rufaffiyar da ya hada da tasoshin da zuciya da dama atria da ventricles. Na cikin ruwa kwayoyin numfashi tare da gills, ƙasa - haske. A excretory tsarin da aka wakilta kodan, da kuma juyayi - nodes warwatse da dama manyan ganglia.

arthropoda

Jeri daban daban iri dabbobi, da jerin ba zai iya zama cikakken ba tare da wani ya ambaci wadannan kwayoyin. Arthropod - cewa centipedes, da kunamai, da kuma gizo-gizo, da kuma crabs. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi dvustoronnesimmetrichnye dabbobi da jikin kasu kashi segments. Jikin rufe cuticle na chitin, abin da hidima a matsayin exoskeleton da kuma kariya ga kwayoyin. Tun da yake wannan category hada da wani iri-iri na jinsin dabbobi, misalai na numfashi tsarin za a iya diametrically tsayayya - shi ne duka haske da gills. All wakilan wadanda ba rufaffiyar jijiyoyi. jiki siffar za a iya bambanta. Matsayin mai mulkin, jiki kunshi dama segments: shugaban, thorax da ciki - suna da duk irin wadannan dabbobi. Misalai, duk da haka, sun hada da wasu bambancin: gizo-gizo shugaban da kirji a hade tare da paunch, kuma ticks duk segments ware kusan ba zai yiwu.

tsirkiya

Mafi na kowa da kuma sanannun jinsin dabbobi, da hotuna na wanda kowa da kowa ya gan, suna da irin wannan. Shi ne mafi girma da kuma tabbatar da da kwarangwal axis na na tsarin jijiya tube. Type hada da uku main iri kwayoyin: wannan tunicates, bescherepnyh da vertabrate. A farko jinsin dabbobi, misalai daga waxanda suke da nisa kasa a san fiye da karshen, mafi kusantar su zauna a cikin wani ruwa-ruwa matsakaici, da kuma shirya mazauna. Bã su da wani ganga ko jakar jiki, da juyayi tsarin na ganglion kuma underdeveloped hankula. Irin kwayoyin hada da wadannan iri: teku squirts, Appendicularia, pirosomy da sauransu. Wadannan halittu haifa a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban, feed a kan algae, kananan dabbobi, detritus. Mene ne ban sha'awa, da adult nau'i ne Sauki, amma larvae ne yafi aiki da sosai raya hankula. Bescherepnyh ba da raba kai, wanda kayyade su sunan. Numfashi tare da gills kuma ba su da yawa mambobi, an dauke cikin shahararrun lancelet. A karshe, vertabrate - mafi shahara da kuma ci gaba da wani rukuni na dabbobi. Sun hada da dukkan nau'o'in dabbobi masu shayarwa, kifi, da tsuntsaye, da abubuwa masu rarrafe halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da kuma. Wannan irin ya samo asali a cikin prehistoric sau. A lokacin, mutumin da aka sani a kusa da dubu hamsin jinsunan vertabrate.