Mene ne tsanaki nomenclature

-Din-din nomenclature yale mu mu kira wakilan daban-daban azuzuwan hanyoyin gudanar da mahadi. Dangane da membobinsu da wani rukuni na abubuwa, akwai wasu nuances a cikin sunayen da ya kamata a ambata. Magana game da yadda za a tsanaki nomenclature ya shafi hydrocarbons na daban-daban Tsarin, kazalika da oxygen-dauke da mahadi.

Nau'in gudanar da mahadi

Kamar yadda carbon sarkar irin yawanci raba kwayoyin abubuwa to cyclic da acyclic. cikakken da kuma unsaturated, heterocyclic da carbocyclic. Kira acyclic mahadi da ciwon wani tsarin a cikin hawan keke. Carbon kwayoyin halitta a cikin irin wannan mahadi ana shirya a jerin samar da wata mike ko branched sarkar unclosed.

Ware cikakken hydrocarbons, wanda da guda carbon shaidu, kazalika da mahadi da mahara (biyu, sau uku) shaidu.

Nomenclature na alkanes

-Din-din nomenclature shafi yin amfani da wani takamaiman algorithm na ayyuka. Yarda da dokoki damar babu kurakurai ba da sunayen cikakken hydrocarbons. Idan kana bukatar wani aiki, "Call na tsanaki nomenclature samarwa hydrocarbon" wajibi ne a fara don tabbatar da cewa shi nasa ne a aji na alkanes. Next ka bukatar ka dubi tsarin da mafi tsawo sarkar.

Lokacin da carbon atoms asusu domin lambobi radicals kusanci zuwa saman sarkar, da lambar kuma da sunan. -Din-din nomenclature ya shafi yin amfani da ƙarin haše-haše, tantancewa da yawan m radicals. Matsayin su, aka nuna ta lambobi, ƙayyade yawan, sa'an nan ya kira radicals. A karshe mataki, shi ne wani dogon carbon sarkar, ƙara kari na baya baki -an. Alal misali, a hydrocarbon, CH3-CH2-CH (CH) -CH2-CH3 na tsanaki nomenclature aka kira 3-methylpentane.

Nomenclature na alkenes

Wadannan abubuwa a kan din nomenclature ake kira da wajibi nuni da arziki na wata mahara (biyu) shaidu. A kwayoyin sunadarai, akwai wani jerin ayyuka, wanda taimaka wajen bayar da sunayen alkenes. Don fara a samarwa carbon sarkar aka bayyana ta da mafi tsawo gutsure dauke da wani biyu bond. Lambobin carbons a cikin sarkar da aka yi daga gefe kusa da saman inda mahara bond aka located. Idan miƙa aiki: "Abin da al'amari ga din nomenclature", shi wajibi ne domin sanin da gaban da samarwa tsarin da hydrocarbon radicals.

Idan sun kasance ba, kiran da sarkar kanta, ya kara da -en kari na baya baki, ya nuna matsayin da adadi na biyu bond. Domin wakilan unsaturated alkenes, wanda sun hada da wadanda radicals ne ba, dole ne ka saka su location lambobi, ƙara prefix tantancewa da adadin, kuma amma sai ci gaba suna da mafi yawan hydrocarbon sarkar.

A matsayin misali, mu ba da take fili daga cikin wadannan tsarin: CH 2 = CH-CH (CH3) -CH2-CH3. Ganin cewa kwayoyin yana da wani biyu bond, a hydrocarbon m, da sunan da zai zama kamar haka: 3-metilpunten-1.

diene hydrocarbons

A kewayon wannan aji na unsaturated hydrocarbons ne halin da wasu peculiarities. Kwayoyin diene mahadi an halin gaban biyu biyu shaidu, saboda haka a cikin suna nuna matsayin kowane daga cikinsu. Ga wani misali da wani fili na wannan aji, ba shi da wani sunan.

CH2 = CH-CH = CH2 (1,3 butadiene).

Idan ba a cikin kwayoyin radicals (aiki jinsunan), sa'an nan da lambobin nuna matsayin su dubu kwayoyin halitta a cikin babban sarkar a gefe wanda shi ne mafi kusa ga ta saman. Idan wani kwayoyin mahara hydrocarbon atoms ake amfani da lokacin enumerating prefix di-, tri-, tetra-.

ƙarshe

Tare da tsanaki nomenclature ne zai yiwu ya ba da sunan wakilan duk azuzuwan hanyoyin gudanar da mahadi. A general algorithm abubuwa kira damar samfurori da cikakken kuma unsaturated hydrocarbons. Domin carboxylic acid, wanda shi ne yanzu a cikin abun da ke ciki na carboxyl aikin kungiya, masu lambobi daga cikin manyan sarkar ne da za'ayi tare da shi.