Nave - menene wannan? Ma'anar kalmar "nave". Nave a gine

Nave - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin manyan abubuwa na Turai gine na cikin Haikali. Menene wannan lokaci nufi? Ina da shi ya auku? Menene babban fasali na aisles a cikin gine-gine? Wannan za a tattauna a cikin labarin.

Nave - shi ... Asalin ajalin

A haikali gine ne da gaske daukan hankali da kuma m. Neman a babban Cathedrals tare da nuna spiers da kuma babbar akwai gilashi windows, yana da wuya a yi imani da cewa wannan kyakkyawa halitta ta mutum. A daya daga cikin key abubuwa na Haikalin gine da za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

Mene ne nave? Wannan kalma tana nufin wani ɓangare na coci gini, tsara kawai domin zama aminci. Mene ne ma'anar kalmar "nave"? Wannan gine-gine da ajalinsu ya zo daga Latin kalma navis, wanda ke nufin "jirgin."

Lalle ne, nave - a tsaye memba a cikin Haikali yi, dakin, sosai reminiscent na wani jirgin ruwan ko jirgin. Ya ba da sa'a yana da elongated siffar, NUNA da dogon hanya zuwa Kirista ceto. A wasu kalmomin, da coci - Yana da kome kamar jirgin da cewa za ta gudanar da bi na gaskiya ta hanyar duk da hadari, kuma tãguwar ruwa na m teku na rayuwa.

Basilica a matsayin da irin yi

Basil (daga Girkanci - "da gidan sarki") - musamman irin shiri, rectangular a shirin. Yana da aka hada da wani m yawan aisles, daban-daban a tsawo.

Basil hada da dama gine-gine da abubuwa. Su ne:

• naves (tsakiya, a kaikaice).
• transept.
• sredokrestiem.
• narthex.
• kararrawa hasumiya.
• ɗakin sujada.
• apse.
• mawaka.
• Ambulatory.

Idan aisles a cikin Basilica 'yan, su rarrabu a ginshikan ko ginshiƙai. Ya ce tsakiyar (yawanci mafi girma) sama da biyu bene hasken windows na ginin.

A farko Basilica fara gina tsoho Helenawa. Sa'an nan da irin wannan shiri da aka aro gine-ginen na Roman Empire.

Saboda haka, abin da yake a cikin nave cikin Haikali gine-gine, da muka tattauna. Yanzu bari la'akari a more daki-daki wannan kashi.

Nave a cikin gine na Cathedrals

Saboda haka, a cikin nave cikin Haikali gine da aka kira a tsaye mikawa rabo daga ciki, wanda aka iyakance (tare da daya ko garesu) a jere na ginshikan.

Mafi sau da yawa a Turai Cathedrals uku naves (a kalla - daya ko biyar). A wannan yanayin, da tsakiyar an ko da yaushe alama a tsawo da nisa. Da rabo daga cikin haikali gine-gine a kan aisles riqe a Gothic gine da kuma Baroque da classicism.

Wannan kashi ne amfani ba kawai a cikin haikali gine-gine, amma kuma a cikin wadanda mutane. Saboda haka, misali, wata uku-nave shawarar da kungiyar na sarari sau da yawa za a gani a cikin ciki na library, kazalika da yawa jirgin karkashin kasa tashoshin.

Mene ne transept?

Transept - wani key kashi a cikin gine gine-gine kamar na Basilica. A gaskiya, shi ne guda nave, kawai giciye, kuma ba a tsaye. Ko da yake giciye-Dome majami'u nave da transept iya sau da yawa na da irin wannan tsayin, cikin sharuddan kafa wani cikakken giciye siffar.

Matsayin mai mulkin, wannan gine-gine da kashi kara bayan da ginin. Irin wannan gefe-tsinkaya kira apse. A intersecting da a tsaye nave babban coci transept sredokrestiem siffofin. Yana, bi da bi, bayar da dalilin da haikalin Dome, hasumiyar ko spire.

ado aisles

Naves a cikin coci sau da yawa ado da ake kira taga-wardi, wanda aka kẽwayesu da stucco ado kõ kuwa alamu. Kansu a matsayin taga gilashin za a iya yi wa ado da akwai gilashi dabara.

Portals aisles da kuma ginshikan suna kuma sau da yawa ado da bayani dalla-dalla dutse sassaka. Ganuwar za a iya complemented m zane-zane. Flamboyant Gothic - wannan ne style of gine-gine, wanda arziki ado aisles ado, sassaka da kuma alamu ne na kullum. A mafi daukan hankali misalai na wannan gine ne kwatance Cathedral a Reims, Rouen da Chartres Cathedral.

Naves-zakarun Turai

A mafi tsawo naves a Turai suna located in da wadannan majalisarku:

1. A babban coci a Aarhus, Denmark (nave tsawon - 93 mita).
2. St Patrick ta Cathedral a Dublin, Ireland (91 mita).
3. Burzhsky Cathedral, France (91 mita).
4. St. Bitrus Basilica, Vatican City (91 mita).
5. Church of St. Albans, United Kingdom (84 mita).

A mafi naves a Turai suna located in da wadannan majami'u:

1. St. Bitrus Cathedral a Beauvais, France (da tsawo na da nave - 48 mita).
2. St. Bitrus Basilica a Vatican City, Italy (46 mita).
3. Cathedral of Milan, Italy (45 mita).

Ba tare da wani shakka, cikin ababuwa gine-gine a Turai basilic irin ne Cathedral of St. Bitrus a Vatican. Shi ne mafi girma Kirista coci a duniya! St. Bitrus ne cibiyar da cocin Katolika. Ya Dome tsawo na 133 mita - daya daga cikin shahararrun alamomin na Roma.

A ciki na babban coci - da yawa tombstones kuma sculptures, wanda aka real ayyukan art na Renaissance. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a kasa na tsakiyar nave nuna alamar sauran majestic Cathedrals na duniya, a cikin abin da kowa da kowa zai iya kwatanta su size da saituna daga cikin Haikali a Vatican.

St. Bitrus Basilica - wani uku-nave. Kasa shi ne crypt, wanda Stores 23 sarcophagus tare da ubanninsu, kuma kabari St. Bitrus.

Moscow naves

Naves za a iya samu a Rasha babban birnin kasar gine. Mafi yawan waɗannan majami'u a Moscow - uku-nave. Shi ne Kremlin Cathedrals - Arkhangelsk da zato, da coci na Boris da Gleb, da kuma Church of a Tãshin ¡iyãma a cikin Sokolniki.

Shugaban Mala'iku Cathedral - daya daga cikin tsofaffin majami'u a Rasha, wanda aka gina a tsakiyar XIII karni. Yana yana da biyar surori. The biyu bene na ginin ne shagaltar da mawaka. A karkashin babban coci akwai wani necropolis a wadda karya ragowar tsoho shugabanni da sarakuna. Ga ake binne Ivan Kalita, Dmitry Donskoy, Tsar Ivan da Munin kuma wasu (a total na 56 burials).

Church of a Tãshin ¡iyãma a cikin Sokolniki aka gina a cikin farkon karni na ashirin a cikin style of "zamani". A shirin yana da wani nau'i na gicciye. Bagaden Church ne directed zuwa kudu, wanda shi ne sabon abu ga Orthodox majami'u. Architect P. A. Tolstyh amfani da zane na ginin wani musamman m: da coci kasa da aka tilted zuwa ga bagaden. Wannan damar muminai da su yardar kaina tsayar da hajji.

a ƙarshe

Saboda haka, nave - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin key abubuwa a cikin Basilica gine-gine. Ya yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin daban-daban iri gine-gine, amma mafi sau da yawa - a haikali gine. "Ginãwa" na nave a cikin gine dauke da tsoho Helenawa.