Mene ne shorthand - tarihi facts da kuma na yanzu fahimta

Mene ne shorthand - bayanai tsara don ba kawai hadu da kishin ilmi na bincike mai karatu, amma kuma yana da wani m aikace-aikace a cikin mutanen da wanda ayyukan suna da alaka da wajibcin ji da kuma aiki na wani manyan girma na magana da rubutu.

Historical preconditions na cursive

ABC, kafa a cikin 9th karni a kan umarni na Byzantine Sarkin sarakuna 'yan'uwa Cyril da Methodius, da za a yi amfani da fassarar da Greek tauhidin littattafai a cikin Slavic. Amma da tsabta da kuma sauƙi na amfani na QFontDatabase haruffa alama tsarin da gudummawar da m da fadi da yaduwar Slavic Rubutacciyar Harshe da kuma amfani da shi ba kawai a cikin addini Sphere, amma kuma a cikin iyali da kuma kasuwanci matakin.

By karshen 10th karni Slavic haruffa fara da za a yi amfani da a kan ƙasa na Old Rasha jihar a matsayin coci harshe. Tsohon Slavonic harshen hankali modified a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da Gabas Slavic salon magana magana, wanda ya kawo sabon abubuwa zuwa gare shi.

Suke dashi rubuce-rubucen sun yarda da masana kimiyya ya gano juyin halitta daga cikin alamar nuna QFontDatabase. Akayi na zamanin d font gyare-gyare hada da haƙƙin na dokokin ƙa'idar harafi (mafi rubutun d¯a nema a mayar da 11th karni), Semi-uncial, amfani da tun 14th karni kuma ya zama wani abin koyi ga rubutu na farko buga littattafai a Rasha, kuma cursive, abin da ya bayyana kusan lokaci guda tare da halfuncial.

Akayi na ci gaba Rasha cursive tsarin

Tsohon Rasha cursive fito a matsayin wani muhimmin kashi na kasuwanci wasika, amma kyawawan zarar tsiwirwirinsu fadi amfani. Mene ne cursive, shi da aka sani ga jama'a, da kuma shi da aka yi amfani da duk yankunan da rai.

Domin shekaru daban-daban 16-17 cursive zama kusan m da kuma samar da wani irin rubuce-rubuce, da wasu abubuwa na wanda ya ba su canja ba a cikin lokaci.

Babban ãyõyin cursive

Cursive da wani yawan rarrabe fasali. Babban bambancin daga sauran iri tsohon Rasha adabi ya kusan cikakken abandonment na geometricity kiwon wani gagarumin simplification na classic rubuce-rubuce haruffa, saukaka kuma gudun da image. Samar da daban-daban haruffa an taso keya, bambanta rubutu babban da kuma Ƙaramin baki haruffa, style ƙwarai, shanyewar jiki, madaukai, kari da cewa tafi a hayin line, akwai wani m jituwar haruffa.

A marmarin hanzarta da rubuce-rubuce tsari ya hankali ya kai ga gagarumin 'yanci da sauƙi na rubuta, bayyanar da bambancin da su images (rubutun hannu) Fusion rubuce-rubuce Lines.

} ungiyoyin cursive

A farkon rabin karni na 18th ƙare kafa cursive kira tsohon Rasha masana tarihi. A na gaba mataki na ci gaba da rubuce-rubuce a cursive Rasha, daga baya ya kira yakin. An halin da simplification da proportionality na lamba, na kauda tashe wasu daga cikin abubuwa, mafi readability.

A gyara Kanmu da Bitrus I a farkon 18th karni, ya bace daga cikin haruffa na 10 haruffa da kuma akwai wani sabon 4 (E, E, Q, R), lafazi alamomi da aka soke. Akwai wani raba haruffan kalmomi da phrases, da tsarin da aka ɓullo da kasafi na babban birnin kasar haruffa.

Ana zargin wani mafi sauki, m, kuma m haruffa da gudummawar da ci gaban da Rasha adabi, rubuce-rubuce da kuma ilimi. Amfani da} ungiyoyin cursive font da ake amfani da buga wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu na wadanda mutane hali, kimiyya takardunku, gwamnatin takardun, koke-koke.

A kara ci gaba da} ungiyoyin cursive tasiri rinjayar da Latin rubutu. By tsakiyar karni na 19th, kafa cursive wanda font aka yi amfani da kadan, ko kuma ba canji a zamaninmu.

Mene ne shorthand yau

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don gudun rubuce-rubuce, dangane da yin amfani da abbreviations records tsarin - acronyms, abbreviations, acronyms. Stenography, shorthand, semantografiya, bayanin kula - hanyoyin da high-gudun rubuce-rubuce, rubuta daban-daban hanyar zuwa rikodin bayanai, ta amfani da wasu alamar tsarin, manufar.

translation cursive

Game da tambaya na fassara, cewa shi ne cursive, shi ne daya daga cikin manyan ga m translation, da farko na baka a jere.

Ba kamar da shorthand, shi ne ainihin wani verbatim rikodin ko lura-shan, dangane da rage rubuce-rubuce saukar da babban al'amari, cursive translation ayyukan, a gaskiya, an karin memory yana nufin, tasiri mataki na riƙe da rubutu ba tare da wani gagarumin load. Yana ba ka damar rage asarar bayanai a lokacin da canja wurin babban adadin fi'ili saƙonni. Cursive amfani a cikin translation, ba sauki kam na rubutu, ya kuma bi da kayadadden fassarar ware da kuma canja wurin da key bayanai saƙonni.

hanyar Basics

Ka'idojin da kuma hanyoyin kan wanda duniya translation cursive hada da zabi kalmomi da mafi girma ma'anar, wasu rikodi tsarin rubuta banda vowels a tsakiyar kalmomi, da kuma biyu baƙaƙe, da yin amfani da alamomin maimakon haruffa ga rubutu na ginin jumla zura sandunan ɗaukarsa.

Saukaka da kuma ingancinsu na haruffa ne gudun burbushi, tsabta, ikon su mayar da hankali a kan abun ciki na rubutu a kan mataki na ji. Kowane fassara kayyade zabi na haruffa da kansu a kan nasu, sau da yawa ta amfani da nasu ba-rabe-ãyõyi.

A ranar, da yin amfani da high-gudun rikodi tsarin ne a hankali rasa ta munasaba saboda ci gaban fasaha. Duk da haka, ga wadanda tsunduma a translation ayyuka, da sanin cewa irin wannan shorthand, shi ne wani tabbaci na kwarewa.