Szczerba Lev Vladimirovich - Doctor of Philology, Rasha da kuma Soviet masanin ilimin harsuna. Biography L. V. Scherby

Scherba Lev Vladimirovich - an yi fice a Rasha masanin ilimin harsuna, wanda yana dauke da kafa na St. Petersburg Phonological makaranta. Sunansa da aka sani ga kowane ɗan makaranta. Wannan masanin kimiyyar sha'awar ba kawai Rasha wallafe-wallafen harshen, amma da yawa wasu kazalika da dangantaka. Aikinsa da gudummawar da aiki ci gaban da harsuna. Duk da wannan - a dalilin zama matsahi na saba da irin wannan fice malamai kamar Lev Scherba. Tarihinsa da aka gabatar a wannan labarin.

Binciken a makarantar sakandare da kuma jami'a

A 1898 ya sauke karatu daga Kiev makaranta tare da wani ya samu lambar zinariya, sa'an nan ya shiga Jami'ar Kiev, a cikin baiwa da kimiyyar yanayin halitta. A shekara, Lev koma St. Petersburg University, da tarihi-philological sashen. A nan, ya yi aiki, yafi a Psychology. A 3 rd shekara, ya halarci laccoci a kan Gabatarwa zuwa harsuna, Farfesa Baudouin de Courtenay. Ya zama sha'awar a cikin tsarin kula da kimiyya al'amurran da suka shafi da kuma dauki up karkashin shiryarwar wani farfesa. Scherba Lev Vladimirovich m shekara rubuta wata} asida lambar yabo samu lambar zinariya. Shi ne ake kira "da qwaqwalwa ne qwarai kashi a imin sautin harshe." A 1903, ya kammala horo a jami'a, kuma Baudouin de Courtenay Scherba bar a sashen Sanskrit da kuma kamanta nahawu.

tafiye-tafiye a kasashen waje

St. Petersburg University a shekarar 1906 a kasashen waje Lev Vladimirovich. Ya shafe shekara guda a arewacin Italiya, karatu da kansa Tuscan yaruka. Sa'an nan, a cikin 1907, ya koma Paris Szczerba. Ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa ga kayan aiki a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na gwaji imin sautin harshe, ta yi karatu Faransa da kuma Turanci pronunciation na karin lafazi Hanyar da aiki da kansa daga cikin gwaji abu.

A binciken da na yare Sorbian harsuna

A Jamus, Lev ciyar kaka holidays na 1907 da kuma 1908. Ya yi karatu a cikin kusanci da Muskau yare na Sorbian harsuna. Interest a cikin Slavic harshen manoma kira shi Baudouin de Courtenay. Karatu da ya wajaba wajen samar da wata ka'idar da hadawa da harsuna. Lev zaunar da su a unguwar Muskau, a cikin kauye, ba da sanin a cikin manufa yare kuma wani syllable. Szczerba koyi harshen yayin da rayuwa a cikin soma iyali, musharaka cikin filin aiki da ita, raba Lahadi nisha. Lev tsara kayan tattara a cikin littafin, wanda aka gabatar Scherba domin samun wata doctoral digiri. A Prague, sai ya ciyar karshen tafiya kasashen waje, karatu Czech harshe.

Hukuma gwaji imin sautin harshe

Scherba Lev Vladimirovich koma zuwa St. Petersburg da kuma fara aiki a cikin majalisar ministocin na gwaji imin sautin harshe, wanda aka kafa a 1899, a Jami'ar, amma shi ya kasance wani dogon lokaci a Jihar sakaci. Wannan binciken - da aka fi so yaron Scherba. Samun tallafi, da ya yi umurni da gina musamman kayan aiki, kullum updated library. Domin fiye da shekaru 30 karkashin ya jagoranci muna ci gaba da gudanar da karatu a cikin phonological tsarin na imin sautin harshe da harshe na jama'a daban-daban na Tarayyar Soviet. A karo na farko a Rasha a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje Lev Scherba ya shirya horo pronunciation na yammacin Turai harsuna. Lev a farkon 1920s halitta rabe-Cibiyar aikin shafe daban-daban masana. Ga shi ko da yaushe ya kasance bayyananne sadarwa imin sautin harshe da yawa wasu tarbiyya, kamar kimiyyar lissafi, Psychology, Physiology, ilimin tsarin jijiyoyi, ilimin halin tababbu da sauransu.

Laccoci, gabatarwa

An fara daga 1910, Lev Scherba lectured a gabatarwar wannan batu, harsuna (harsuna) a cikin wani shafi tunanin mutum da ma'aikata, da kuma gudanar da azuzuwan a imin sautin harshe a musamman Darussan tsara don malaman kurãme-mutes. A shekara ta 1929, dakin gwaje-gwaje kungiyar na jawabin therapists da kuma likitoci taron karawa juna sani a kan gwaji imin sautin harshe da aka shirya.

Scherba Lev Vladimirovich yi sau da yawa a cikin Society otolaryngologist rahotanni. Ya sadarwar da masana a cikin halitta da murya da kuma diction, tare da theoreticians na tsarkakewa da kuma m duniya sun akalla rai. A farkon 20-ies Soviet masanin ilimin harsuna Szczerba yi aiki a Cibiyar da mai rai kalma. A 1930, ya lectured a kan Rasha harshen da imin sautin harshe a Rasha Theater Society, kazalika da karanta rahoton a Birnin Leningrad, Jihar Conservatory, a vocal baiwa.

ci gaban dakin gwaje-gwaje

A 1920-1930 shekaru da ya awon ya zama na farko-aji bincike ma'aikata. Da shi shi ne sabon kayan aiki, da abun da ke ciki na ma'aikatansa hankali ya karu, don fadada kewayon da ayyukan. Yana fara zuwa tara masu bincike daga duk fadin kasar, yafi daga kasa jamhuriyoyin.

A lokaci daga 1909 zuwa 1916

Daga 1909 zuwa 1916 - wani mai dausayi tsawon ransa Scherba kimiyya. Ya rubuta a kan 6 shekaru 2 littattafai da kuma taimake su, ya zama na farko digiri, sa'an nan likita. Bugu da kari, Lev gudanar da taro a kan ilmin harsuna, Old Slavonic da kuma Rasha, a gwaji imin sautin harshe. Ya gudanar da azuzuwan a kan kamanta nahawu da Indo-harsunan Turai, a kowace shekara gina tafarkinsa a kan abu na sabon harshe.

Doctor of Philology Lev Scherba 1914 ya jagoranci dalibi kungiyoyin, wanda karatu da mai rai Rasha harshe. Aiki mahalarta sun: SG Barkhudarov, S. A. Eremin, S. M. Bondi, Yu. N. Tynyanov.

A lokaci guda, Lev fara yi administrative aikinsu a dama makarantu. Szczerba nemi canza kungiyar na koyarwa, tãyar da shi zuwa ga matakin da latest nasarori na kimiyya. Lev consistently kokawa da na yau da kullum da kuma takalidai a cikin koyarwa ayyukan, da kuma taba yin sulhu akai su akida. Alal misali, a 1913, da ya yi murabus daga St. Petersburg Malamai 'Institute, kamar yadda a yanzu da farko malamin ya ba da sako na ilmi, da kuma aiwatar da komai haqqinsa dokoki wanda ƙwace kimiyya da kuma hana mai son dalibai.

1920

A 1920 da ya fi muhimmanci nasara ya ci gaba da karin lafazi Hanyar koyar da waje harsuna, kazalika da tsawo na wannan hanya. Musamman hankali ne ya biya Szczerba correctness da kuma tsarki na pronunciation. A wannan yanayin, duk da karin lafazi mamaki da kimiyya da harshen ɗaukar hoto da kuma assimilated dalibai sane. An muhimmanci wuri a cikin koyarwa aiki daukan Scherba ji records da waje texts. All horo, fi dacewa, ya kamata a dogara ne a kan wannan hanya ne dauke Szczerba. Ya kamata karba farantin a wani tsarin. Ba kwatsam Lev sosai mayar da hankali a kan sauti na harshe. Ya yi imani da cewa wani cikakken fahimtar magana a cikin wani waje da harshen da aka hankali hade da daidai haifuwa na sauti form, saukar zuwa irin murya. Wannan ra'ayin - na janar ilimin harsuna Concepts Scherba, wanda ya yi ĩmãni da cewa baka form na harshe ne mafi muhimmanci a gare shi a matsayin hanyar sadarwa.

Lev a 1924 an zabe ta Soviet Academy of Sciences kamar yadda ta wakilinmu memba. Sai ya fara aiki a cikin ƙamus na hukumar. Its aiki shi ne littafin da wani kamus na Rasha harshen, wanda ya riƙi wani yunkurin haifar da mafi A. A. Shahmatov. Lev Vladimirovich a sakamakon wannan aikin sun nasa ra'ayi a fagen lexicography. Aiki a kan jawo sama a kamus ya nuna a cikin rabi na biyu na 1920, yana neman su yi amfani da ka'idojin gina a yi.

Faransa harshen Littattafan

Lev Scherba a 1930 kuma ya fara zama Rasha-Faransa kamus. Ya halitta ka'idar bambanci lexicography, wanda aka bayyana a takaice a cikin gabatarwar da 2nd edition na littafin, wanda shi ne sakamakon Scherba aiki har tsawon shekaru goma. Shi ne ba kawai daya daga cikin mafi kyau amfanin da harshen Faransanci na Tarayyar Soviet. A tsarin da ka'idodinta wannan littafi ya ba da dalilin aikin na irin wannan kamus.

Duk da haka, Lev bai daina. A cikin tsakiyar 1930s, ya buga wani manual a kan harshen Faransanci - "imin sautin harshe da harshen Faransanci." Wannan shi ne sakamakon da biyu shekarun da suka gabata na koyarwarsa kuma gudanar da bincike a kan aikin pronunciation. A littafin dogara ne a kan wani kwatanta da Rasha pronunciation na Faransa.

Reorganization na koyar da waje harsuna

Lev a 1937 karkashin jami'ar-fadi da sashen na waje harsuna. Szczerba sake tsarafa su koyarwa ta hanyar aiwatar da kansa rubutu karatu da kuma fahimtar hanya a cikin wasu harsunan. Don wannan karshen, Szczerba gudanar da musamman taro ga malaman, da nuna kayan a Latin dabaru. A kasida, wanda nuna da ra'ayoyin, da ake kira "Kuma yãyã nake karatu kasashen waje harsuna." Lev 2 shekaru The management daga cikin sashen muhimmanci tãyar da matakin mallakarsu dalibai.

Scherba kuma sha'awar a Rasha wallafe-wallafen harshen. Lev halarci yadu fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa yayin} o} arin magance da kuma yi daidai da misali da kuskure da kuma nahawu da Rasha harshe. Ya zama memba na hukumar, wanda ya shirya wata makaranta littafi Barkhudarova.

A karshe shekaru ransa

Lev a watan Oktoba 1941 aka kwashe zuwa Kirov yankin, a Molotovsk. Ya koma Moscow a lokacin rani na 1943, wanda ya koma zuwa ga al'ada rayuwa ta zuwa shugaban na farko a cikin koyarwa, bincike da kuma management ayyuka. Tun Agusta 1944 Szczerba ya tsanani da rashin lafiya, da kuma Disamba 26, 1944 Szczerba mutu Lev.

Taimako ga Rasha harshen wannan mutumin yana da nauyi ƙwarai, kuma aikinsa ne ya dace wa yau. Su ne dauke litattafansu. Rasha harsuna, phonology, lexicography, psycholinguistics ne har yanzu dangane da aikinsa.