Leif Eriksson - Viking gano America kafin Columbus

Leif Erikson (ga photo kasa.) - sanannen Viking, wanda a Amurka na biyar ƙarni kafin Columbus. Kawai navigator, sabanin da Genoese bai ci gaba da karatu da kuma kadan lugar ƙasar. Kan gaba shekaru 500 da babu Turai bai ziyarci nahiyar Amirka. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu a takaicce gaya muku game da Scandinavian tafiya da 'yan'uwansa.

Leif Eriksson. Abin da ya gano?

The tambaya na ko Turawa ziyarci America kafin Columbus, shi ya dade da rigima. Akwai biyu sagas cewa bayyana tafiya Leif Eriksson da 'yan'uwansa - "Saga na Erik Red" da "Saga na Greenlanders". Amma duka biyu ayyukan halitta a cikin XIII karni, cewa shi ne, mutum ɗari biyu da shekaru bayan abubuwan da suka faru da aka bayyana. Saboda haka da labari ne mai free fasara da kuma fassarar abin da ya faru. Duk da haka, wani m Vinland, wanda ya sami Vikings, an ambaci by Adam na Bremen (na da tarihin). Gaskiya, da karshen bayyana shi da kalmomi na Sarkin Denmark Sven gidan estridsen.

A karshe, cikin tambaya barrantar kawai bayan gano Canadian archaeologists. Labrador da Newfoundland, suka sãmi wuraren Viking shafukan. Bayan haka, ba shakka cewa, daya Leif Eriksson gano America kafin Columbus. Ko da yake idan ka yi imani da abun ciki na "Saga na grenladtsah", da Viking aka har yanzu lissafa biyu. Discoverer of America - Bjarni Heryulfson.

A karshen karni na goma, sai ya yi tafiya zuwa Greenland. Huddling a hanyar zuwa hanya Bjarni ga a sararin sama a ƙasar. Heryulfson bai je bakin, amma sa'ad da ya isa Greenland, ya yi magana a daki-daki, game da abin da abin da suka gan makwabta. Leif Eriksson sha'awar a cikin labarin. Dan Erik Red, wanda ya kafa ta farko ta Kudu Greenland Viking shiri, da sauri gane cewa mafiya yawa daga wannan babbar tsibirin ne inda ba wanda yake zaune. a wajen arewa gaba ne mai hadari, kuma m. A daya hannun, shi rasa itace don gina jiragen ruwa. Amma abin da ya ba tsaya da Viking.

A samu na sabon asashe

Leif Eriksson sayi Bjarni ta jirgin a. Sa'an nan, ya tattara wata tawagar mutane 35 da kuma gangarawa yamma. Bayan kwana biyu, da Scandinavians sun gano rairayin bakin teku, game da abin da ya gaya Heryulfson. Ziyarci wuraren da Leif ƙirƙira sunayen: Land of volcanoes (Helluland), gandun daji ƙasar (Markland) da kuma innabi ƙasar (Vinland). Riga aka sani da yankunan da Grecia samu Eriksson. Markland - a Labrador, kuma Helluland - Baffin Island. Kawai wurin da Vinland haka yanzu suna rigima. A wannan wuri ne da Viking tsaya domin hunturu, sa'an nan ta koma gida.

tafiya iyali

Bayan gano Greenland Eriksson sanya tsare-tsaren na mulkin mallaka na sabon yankuna. Wahayi zuwa gare ta tafiya na Leif, na tafi yin iyo a cikin dan'uwansa Thorvald. Ba da da ewa ya samu to America kuma ya iya kafa shiri a can. Amma mallaka ya short-rayu. A shekara daga baya, da Vikings fuskanci danniyar da ke yankin. Indiyawan kashe kusan dukkan mutane. A yaƙin ya kashe kansa Torvald.

Na biyu wa Leif - Thorstein - kuma suka shiga jirgin ruwa zuwa yamma. Gaskiya, America ya taba kai. A fili, da jirgin farkon Thorstein juya kudu. A cewar wani version, Viking tanã gudãna zuwa ga Hudson ta Bay, sa'an nan rasa haƙuri, kuma ya zo da baya. Bayan da cewa Erik Red ta dangi sun sanya wani biyu ko uku yakin, amma ba su iya samun wani qafafunku a nahiyar.

m Vinland

A fili, a karkashin wannan sunan boyewa Newfoundland. Vikings gano by archaeologists a tsibirin parking baro-baro ya ce abin da suka kasance ba a farkon na XI karni. Kawai da sunan shi ne m. Wanda ya ziyarci tsibirin, haƙĩƙa, Yanã sanin game da kananan yawan girma inabi. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa Leif Eriksson, wanda biography da aka sani ga duk Scandinavians bar Labrador zuwa New England. Kuma akwai kawai mai yawa da inabin jeji.

Masana sun tambaye wannan ka'idar. Leif wani sosai gogaggen Navigator. Ya sami abin da ya ke neman, kuma suna da kamar wuya a kasai, za kudu. Akwai wasu juyi na asalin sunan Vinland. Daya daga cikin su ya ce Leif Ericsson ya christened wannan ƙasa sosai daban. A tsawon lokaci, da sunan da aka gurbata, da kuma a cikin wannan tsari shi koya Danish Korol Sven, wanda ya gaya wa duk chronicled Adam na Bremen. A cewar wani version, sunan Vinland ne talla. Kamar wancan Eriksson kokarin kawo zuwa tsibirin sabon natsuwa. A cikin ni'imar da wannan ka'idar shi ne gaskiya cewa, saboda wannan Greenland - wannan ba wani kore duniya kamar yadda ta sunan yakan haifar.