Assuriyawa mulkinsa, kuma ta tarihi

A farko daular, a tarihin duniya ya Assuriya. Wannan jiha wanzu a duniya map kusan shekaru 2,000 - daga XXIV zuwa VII karni BC, kuma game da 609 BC. e. daina wanzuwa. A farko ambaci Assuriya, da aka samu a zamanin d marubuta kamar Herodotus, Aristotle da sauransu. Har ila yau, Assuriyawa mulki aka ambata a cikin wasu littattafai na Littafi Mai Tsarki.

labarin kasa

Assuriyawa mulkin ya a cikin sama kai na Taigiris River, da kuma matsa, ƙaƙƙarfar daga cikin ƙananan kai na da Karami Zab a kudu zuwa ga duwãtsu a gabas da kuma Zagras Masios duwãtsu a arewa maso yamma. A daban-daban lokaci ta zama ba, shi aka located a cikin garũruwa ta zamani jihohi, kamar Iran, Iraki, Jordan, Isra'ila, Palestine, Turkey, Syria, Cyprus da kuma Misira.

Dogon tarihin da aka sani ba daya babban birnin kasar na mulkin Assuriya:

1. Ashur (na farko babban birnin kasar, shi ne da nisan kilomita 250 daga birnin Bagadaza zamani).
2. Ekallatum (babban birnin kasar babba Mesofotamiya ya a tsakiyar hanya na Tiger).
3. Nineba (located in ba-rana Iraq).

Historical lokaci na ci gaban

Tun lokacin da labarin da Assuriyawa mulki daukan lokaci da yawa lokaci, zamanin da ta zama an conventionally kasu kashi uku lokaci:

• Staroassiriysky lokaci - XX -XVI karni BC.
• Sredneassiriysky lokaci - XV-XI karni BC.
• Neo-Assuriyawa Empire - X-VII karni BC.

Kowace daga cikin lokuta halin da gida da kuma kasashen waje da manufofin da ke jihar, hukumomi sun wadanada daga daban-daban dauloli, kowane m lokacin ya fara Yunƙurin kuma flourishing jihar Assuriyawa, da canji da kuma canji a cikin labarin kasa na mulkin ta kasashen waje da manufofin fuskantarwa.

Staroassiriysky lokaci

Assuriyawa zo a cikin ƙasa na Kogin Yufiretis a tsakiyar XX karni. BC. e., ya ce wa kabilan a Akkadian harshe. Da farko gina birnin Ashur aka mai suna a cikin girmamawa da mafi iko duka.

A wannan lokacin, duk da haka babu guda jihar Assuriya, don haka mafi Nome zama mallakan Ashur, wanda ya kasance mai talakansa mulkin Mitanni da Kassite Babila. Rated riƙe wasu 'yancin kai a harkokin ƙauyuka. By Ashshurskomu Nome hada da dama kananan yankunan karkara jagorancin dattawan. A birnin ɓullo da sauri godiya ga m ɓangaren da: shi ne ta hanyar cinikayya hanyoyi daga kudu, gabas da yamma.

Magana game da hukuncin a wannan lokaci, da monarch aka ba su yarda, kamar yadda shugabanni da cikakken hakkokin siyasa halayyar da dako da wannan matsayi. Wannan lokaci a cikin tarihi Assuriya aka ware da masana tarihi a matsayin prequel domin saukaka Assuriyawa mulkin. Har faduwar Akkad a cikin XXII karni BC Ashur shi ne wani ɓangare daga gare ta, amma bayan bacewar ta sami 'yanci na wani dan gajeren lokaci, da kuma kawai a cikin XXI karni BC. e. Ur aka kama. Kawai bayan shekaru 200 da ikon sauya zuwa ga mahukunta - ashshurtsam, daga wannan lokacin zai fara da m girma na cinikayya da kuma kayayyaki da samar. Duk da haka, irin wannan matsayi a cikin jihar dade ba, da kuma bayan shekaru 100 na Ashur hasarar da muhimmanci na tsakiyar birnin, kuma shi ya zama gwamnan daya daga cikin 'ya'yan sarkin Shamsht-Adad. Ba da da ewa birni ne karkashin ikon Sarkin Babila, Hammurabi, kuma kawai game da 1720 BC. e. Ya fara a hankali a hankali flowering na wani m Assuriyawa jihar.

biyu lokaci

Daga cikin XIV karni BC Assuriyawa shugabanni a hukuma takardun riga kira ga sarakuna. Haka kuma, a lokacin da nufin Fir'auna na Misira, suka ce, "Our wa." A wannan lokacin, akwai wani aiki soja da mulkin mallaka na ƙasar: sanya incursions cikin Bahitte jihar, 'yan hari mulkin Babila, a garin Phenicia da Syria, da kuma a cikin 1290-1260 biennium. BC. e. ƙare yankin zane na Assuriyawa Empire.

Wani sabon upsurge na yaƙe-yaƙe na ci Assuriyawa ya fara a zamanin mulkin Tiglat-filesar, wanda ya iya kama arewacin Syria, Phenicia, da kuma Asia Ƙananan, a gaskiya, sarki sau da yawa fitar da a kan jirgin ruwa a cikin Bahar Rum, don nuna ta ɗaukaka a Misira. Bayan mutuwar wani mamaya monarch ƙi fara a cikin jihar, da kuma duk m sarakuna iya daina kula da baya sun shagaltar da yankuna. Assuriyawa mulkin da aka fitar da su 'yan asalin asashe. Daftarin aiki lokaci XI-X ƙarni BC. e. An kiyaye su, wanda ya nuna ƙi.

Neo-Assuriyawa Empire

Wani sabon mataki a cikin ci gaban Assuriya ya fara bayan da Assuriyawa gudanar ya rabu da mu da Aramaic kabilan zo zuwa yankin ƙasarsu. Wannan jiha halitta a cikin wannan lokaci, an dauke su da farko daular a tarihin 'yan adam. A protracted rikicin na Assuriyawa mulkin kasa dakatar da sarakuna Hadad-nirari II da kuma Adid- nirari III (shi yana tare da mahaifiyarsa Semiramis ƙulla da wanzuwar daya daga cikin 7 Abubuwan al'ajabi na Duniya - da labulen gidãjen Aljanna). Abin baƙin ciki, wadannan uku sarki ba zai iya tsayayya da naushe na wani waje, maƙiyi - Mulkin Urartu, da kuma gudanar da wani jahilci m siyasa, wanda ƙwarai raunana jihar.

Assuriya a Tiglapalasare III

Wannan mulki Yunƙurin fara a zamanin sarki Tiglapalasara III. Kasancewa a cikin ikon a 745-727 shekaru. BC. e., ya ya iya kama ƙasashen Phenicia, Palestine, Syria, Damascus mulkin ya a lokacin mulkinsa shekaru masu yawa na amfani da makamai rikici da jihar na Urartu aka warware.

Good luck a kasashen waje da manufofin saboda gudanar da ciki kyautata harkokin siyasa. Saboda haka, sarki ya fara da tilasta kau na ta mazaunan ƙasar daga shagaltar da kasashe, tare da iyalansu, da kuma dukiya, wanda ya haifar da yaduwar Aramaic cikin Assuriya. Sarkin yanke shawarar matsalar separatism a kasar, da rarraba manyan yankin a cikin da yawa kananan karkashin jagorancin gwamnoni, ba kyale, ta haka, fitowan da sabon dauloli. Har ila yau, sarki ya tashi da gyara daga cikin sojojin: rundunar sa kai da kuma soja mulkin mallaka, aka sake tsarafa cikin wani kwararren tsaye sojojin, karɓa mai albashi daga cikin taskar, an gabatar da sabon iri na sojojin - na yau da kullum da sojan doki da kuma fama da injiniyoyi, musamman da hankali da aka biya a cikin kungiyar na hankali da kuma sadarwa.

Nasara soja yakin da Tiglat-filesar yarda ya haifar da wani daular cewa miƙa daga Persian Gulf da Rum, da kuma ko da lashe a matsayin Sarkin Babila - Pula.

Urartu - Empire (Transcaucasia), a cikin abin da invading Assuriyawa shugabanni

Mulkin Urartu aka located a kan ƙasa da Armenian Filato da kuma shagaltar da ƙasa na zamani Armenia, m Turkey, arewa maso yammacin Iran da kuma Nakhchivan cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar Azerbaijan. A heyday na jihar ãƙibar IX - tsakiyar Sabunta karni BC, Urartu ƙi sun fi mayar da gudummawar da yaki da mulkin Assuriya.

Bayan samun kursiyin bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, Sarki Tiglat-filesar III nemi su kõmo zuwa ga jihar iko a kan cinikayya hanyoyi na Asiya Ƙananan. A 735 BC. e. a cikin hukunci yaƙi a Kogin Yufiretis yamma banki Assuriyawa sun iya karya da sojojin Urartu da matsawa zuwa cikin mulkin. Monarch Urartu Sarduri ya tsere, ya mutu jim kadan bayan haka, jihar shi a deplorable jihar. Magajinsa, Rusa na iya kafa wucin gadi tsagaita wuta tare da Assuriyawa, wanda aka zarar karya da Sarkin Assuriya Sargon II.

Amfani da cewa Urartu aka raunana da shan kashi, samu daga Cimmerian kabilu, Sargon II a 714 BC. e. Urartian sojojin halaka ta, kuma ta haka ne, Urartu kuma ta dogara da mulkoki da aka mulki ta hanyar Assuriya. Bayan wadannan abubuwan, Urartu rasa da muhimmancin a duniya mataki.

Policy karshe sarakunan Assuriya

Magaji zuwa da Tiglat-filesar III bai iya rike a hannuwansu da daular kafa ta ya gada, kuma a lokaci Babila ayyana samun 'yancin kai. A gaba sarki, Sargon II na, a kasashen waje da manufofin da aka ba iyakance kawai rike da mulkin Urartu, ya ya iya sake samu iko Babila, Assuriya da aka lashe a matsayin Sarkin Babila, da ya yi nasara a suppressing duk yunkuri da ke faruwa a cikin ƙasa na daular.

A zamanin Sennakerib (705-680 gg. BC. E.) Halin da m adawa da firistoci na sarki da jama'a. A zamanin mulkinsa, tsohon Sarkin Babila, kokarin sake kafa ta dalĩli, shi ya kai ga cewa Sennakerib ya mugunta musu ukuba da Babilawa kuma gaba daya hallaka Babila. Sabani da manufofin da sarki ya kai ga weakening na jihar da kuma, a sakamakon, annobar cutar tawayen wasu jihohin kõma da 'yancin kai, da kuma Urartu kõma wasu yankuna. Wannan siyasa ya kai ga kisan da na sarki.

Da zarar iko, kashe sarki Esarhaddon magaji na farko na duk suka ɗauki maido da Babila, da kafa dangantakar tare da firistoci. Game da kasashen waje da manufofin, sarki gudanar tare da mamayewa na Cimmerians antiassiriyskie kashe tawaye a Phenicia da kuma gudanar da wani cin nasara yaƙin neman zaɓe a Misira, wanda ya sa a kama Memfis kuma da hawan zuwa kursiyin Misira, amma ya ci gaba da wannan nasara da sarki ya kasa saboda wani m mutuwa.

A karshe Sarkin Assuriya

A karshe karfi Sarkin Assuriya ya Ashurbanipal, da aka sani da mafi ilmi na Assuriyawa mulkin jihar. Shi ne ya yi a fadarsa da aka tattara na musamman da library daga lãka Allunan. a lokacin mulkinsa aka halin da akai gwagwarmaya tare da talakansa States fata a sake samu 'yancin kai. Assuriya a cikin wannan lokaci yake yaƙi da mulkin Elam, wanda ya kai ga cikakken shan kashi na karshen. Misira da kuma Babila za a sake samu 'yancin kai, amma ba su yi nasarar a sakamakon yawa rikice-rikice. Ashshurbanipalu gudanar ya fadada da tasiri a Lydia, Media, da na Firijiya, don murkushe Thebes.

A mutuwa daga Assuriyawa mulki

Mutuwar Assurbanipal alama farkon da matsaloli. Assuriya aka ci su da Mediyawa mulkinsa a Babila 'yancin kai. A united sojojin Mediyawa da kawayensu a 612 BC. e. Nineba - babban birnin Assuriyawa mulkin da aka hallaka. A 605 BC. e. a Carchemish Nebukadnezzar Babila ci karshe magaji zuwa soja raka'a Assuriya, don haka abin da Assuriyawa Empire aka halaka.

A tarihi muhimmancin Assuriya

Ancient Assuriyawa mulki bar baya da wani arziki na al'adu da tarihi da Monuments. Har mu lokacin, da yawa Bas-reliefs da scenes daga rayuwar sarakuna da manyan gari, shida-mita sculptures na winged gumaka, da yawa tukwane da kayan ado.

A babban taimako ga ci gaban ilimi game da tarihin duniya ne ya gano library da talatin da dubu lãka Allunan sarki Ashurbanipal, inda ilmi na magani, ilmin taurari, da aikin injiniya da aka tattara, da kuma ko da ake magana a cikin Great Ambaliyar.

A wani mataki na aikin injiniya da aka - Assuriyawa sun iya gina wani canal, da wandararre da ruwa 13 kamu da 3000 mita tsawo.

Assuriyawa sun iya haifar da daya daga cikin karfi sojojin na lokacinsa, dauke da makamai suka karusai, kwantena, mashi da fama sojoji sun yi amfani horar da karnuka, da sojojin da aka kyau sanye take.

Bayan fall Assuriyawa jihar ya zama magajin zuwa ƙarni-tsohon nasarori Babila.