Mene ne ACS? Kai-propelled manyan bindigogi shigarwa: rarrabuwa, nadi

Kai-propelled manyan bindigogi raka'a (Sau) ya kira fama motocin, wanda ba kome ba ne fiye da wani kai-propelled shasi-saka manyan bindigogi gun. A rayuwar yau da kullum da shi ne wani lokaci ake kira kai-propelled bindigogi ko artsamohodami. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu dubi abin da yake cikin ACS, inda suke amfani da tallace da kuma bambanta daga sauran iri makamai.

summary

Saboda haka, abin da yake cikin ACS? A wani m ji matsayin ACS za a iya gani duk fama da motocin, wanda aka dauke da makamai suka bindigogi. Duk da haka, a cikin kunkuntar ji da ACS hada kawai ne ga waɗanda inji cewa suna dauke da makamai da bindigogi ko howitzers, amma ba su tankuna ko sulke da motocin.

Sau da bambancin iri, kazalika da ikon yinsa. Su za a iya wheeled ko sa ido shasi, to tsare ko ba don kare makamai, sun gyarawa ko hasumiya Dutsen da babban gun. Mutane da yawa daga cikin kai propelled manyan bindigogi na duniya, sanye take da doguwar hasumiya shigarwa, kama tankuna. Duk da haka, da suka sãɓã wa jũna muhimmanci daga tankuna ga dabara amfani da balance "makamai da makamai."

Kai-propelled manyan bindigogi naúrar (ACS) ya fara ta tarihi a kusa da lokacin da farko igwa da kuma sulke da motocin - a farkon karni na 20th. Haka kuma, daga cikin ra'ayi na zamani soja kimiyya, da farko Faransa tankuna aka zarar analogue daga baya Sau fiye da tankuna. A tsakiyar da kuma na biyu rabin karni na ashirin da a cikin manyan kasashen zo cikin tsawon m ci gaba daga dukan nau'i na kai-propelled manyan bindigogi.

A farkon karni, godiya ga wani m Jump a soja kimiyya, atomatik iko, bisa ga kwararru da yawa, ya fara da'awar da magabaci a tsakanin sauran sulke da motocin. A baya can, lalle shi haƙĩƙa mallakar tankuna. Da muhimmancin da ACS a cikin yanayi na zamani soja fadace-fadace ne na girma kowace shekara.

Tarihi na ci gaba

A cikin filin, yakin duniya na farko fagen fama amfani kai-propelled raka'a, gina a kan tushen da manyan motoci, tractors ko crawler. Daga baya, da ci gaban tankuna, injiniyoyi gane cewa tank tushe ne mafi kyau dace domin shigarwa na iko manyan bindigogi tsarin. Unarmored bindigogi a kan shasi aka kuma ba a manta ba, domin su ne sanannen domin su high motsi.

A Rasha, na farko sulke ACS miƙa dan D. I. Mendeleeva - VD Mendeleev. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko da kuma yakin basasa rayayye yi amfani da wani 72-millimeter gun lander, gina a kan tushen da truck "Russo-Balt". Cabs wasu daga cikinsu ma partially gashi. A cikin 20s na karshe karni da ci gaban ACS tsunduma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, Jamus da kuma Amurka, kuma amma mafi yawan ayyukan bã kõme ba ne fiye da wata surrogate kafuwa.

Lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Jamus suka fara rayayye ci gaba da sulke sojojin, da damar massively shigar a kan shasi tank manyan bindigogi. Saboda haka, a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a kan tushen da T-35 da kuma tankuna T-28 samfur kai-propelled bindigogi SU-14 da aka halitta. A Jamus, domin hira karkashin Sau amfani da m tankuna Pz Kpfw I.

Yakin duniya na II bukata da amfani da duk mahalarta. Jamus massed samar ACS dangane da haihuwa da kuma kama tankuna. Bisa da kansa inji, da suka aikata fiye da sauki da kuma m shigarwa. A labarin hada da irin Jamus model: StuG III, da kuma StuG IV, Hummel da Wespe, kai-propelled bindigogi "Ferdinand" (ake kira mayakan Hetzer da Elefant tank) da kuma 'yan wasu. Tun karshen shekarar 1944 wajen samar da ACS a Jamus wuce girma samar da tankuna.

The Red Army fara yaƙi ba tare da wani serial kai-propelled manyan bindigogi. Production na guda kai-propelled howitzer SU-5 da aka tsaya a 1937. Amma a watan Yuli 1941, akwai wani kai-propelled bindigogi ZIS-30 surrogate irin. Kuma gaba shekara da taro line tafi hari bindigogi model SU-122. Daga baya counterweight Jamus nauyi sulke da motocin bayyana shahara SU-100 da kuma ISU-152.

Birtaniya da kuma Amirka, injiniyoyi sun mayar da hankali sojojin ne yafi a samar da kai-propelled howitzers. Saboda haka akwai abin koyi: Sexton, Bishop, M12 da kuma M7 firist.

Saboda ci gaban da babban yaƙi tankuna, da bukatar yin amfani da kai hari da makamai bace. Anti-makami mai linzami tsarin da helikofta gunships quite nasarar iya maye gurbin tanki hallakarwa. Amma howitzers kuma anti-aircraft bindigogi suna tasowa ya zuwa yanzu.

Kamar yadda ACS su ikon yinsa girma da kuma fadada rarrabuwa. Ka yi la'akari da iri kai-propelled bindigogi, bayyana a cikin soja kimiyya a yau.

tank hallaka

Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, irin wannan yaki da inji ne na musamman a lalata sulke da motocin. Yawanci, sun samu kamar yadda dogon barreled makamai semiautomatic bindigogi na wani zamo kamar 57 mm zuwa 100 mm tare da unitary caji Hanyar da damar don cimma wani babban kudi na wuta. Tã tank hallaka, tsara don su yi yaƙi da wannan maƙiyi na'ura da kuma nauyi tankuna za a iya dauke da makamai dogon-barreled bindigogi raba caji, ya zamo kamar wanda ya kai har zuwa 155 mm. Shigarwa na wannan aji ne m da dakaru da kufaifan. Tsalle a ci gaban da suka samu a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Halayyar wakilan tank hallaka na lokaci ne mai Soviet kai-propelled bindigogi SU-100 model da Jamusanci "jagdpanther". A halin yanzu, da shigarwa na wannan aji ya hanya zuwa anti-makami mai linzami da kuma tsarin fama jirage masu saukar ungulu, wanda suna da yawa fiye da tasiri a magance da tankuna.

hari da bindigogi

Shin sulke da motocin don wuta goyon bayan tankuna da dakaru. ACS da irin wannan manyan-tara makamai (105-203 mm) ko short-dogon-barreled bindigogi, wanda sauƙi buga garu matsayi dakaru. Bugu da kari, da hari da bindigogi da za a iya yadda ya kamata amfani da tankuna. Wannan irin kai-propelled bindigogi, kazalika da da, rayayye ci gaba a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Bayyane misalai na Jamus hari bindigogi propelled karfe StuG III, StuG H42 da Brummbar. Daga cikin Soviet inji bambanta: SU-122 da kuma SU-152. Bayan da yaki, da cin gaban babban yaƙi tankuna kai ga cewa sun aka tara makamai tare da manyan-zamo kamar bindigogi, iya daukan hankali maƙiyi kufaifan ba tare da matsaloli da kuma unarmored hari. Saboda haka, da bukatar yin amfani da kai hari da makamai bace.

Kai-propelled howitzers

Shin mobile kayayyakin aiki, don wuta daga boye matsayi. A gaskiya, shi propelled analogue towed manyan bindigogi. Irin wannan ACS m zamo manyan bindigogi tsarin daga 75 zuwa 406 millimeters. Suna da wani kadan Ballistic littafin, wanda kare fãce daga counter-baturi wuta. Tun daga farko, ci gaban kai-propelled manyan bindigogi ci gaba da kai-propelled howitzers. A bindigogi na manyan zamo tare da high motsi da kuma na zamani sakawa tsarin yin irin wannan makamai daga cikin mafi tasiri a kan wannan rana.

Musamman yadu used kai-propelled howitzers zamo mafi girma daga 152 millimeters. Su za su iya buge a maƙiyi nukiliya warheads, wanda ya sa ya yiwu don ya hallaka manyan abubuwa da kuma kungiyoyin na sojojin da kananan yawan Shots. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Jamus motoci masu shahara Wespe da Hummel, American howitzers M7 (Firist) da kuma M12, kazalika da Birtaniya Sexton kai-propelled bindigogi da kuma Bishop. Tarayyar Soviet kokarin kafa samar da irin wannan inji (model na Su-5) a cikin 40-ies karni na karshe, amma wannan yunkuri bai yi nasara ba. Yau, a kan zamani Rasha da sojojin fuskantar daya daga cikin mafi kyau kai-propelled howitzer a duniya - 2S19 "MSTA-S" zamo kamar 152 mm. A cikin sojojin NATO kasashen daraja ta madadin 155-mm kai-propelled bindigogi, "Paladin" a sabis.

anti

Sau a cikin wannan aji suna Semi-bude ko bude injin, dauke da makamai anti-tanki makamai. Yawanci, suna gina a kan tushe na haske sulke tank shasi, wanda sun zama rabu amfani domin da nufin yi. Wadannan inji suke da daraja da mai kyau hade da farashin da ya dace da kuma suna samuwa a gwada high kundin. Duk da haka, da suka har yanzu rasa da Martial halaye na na'ura mafi specialization. A misali mai kyau na wani tanki hallakar da yakin duniya na II ne Jamus inji Marder II da kuma m SU-76M. Yawanci, irin wannan kananan-tara makamai ba ko kuma kafa srednekalibernymi bindigogi. Duk da haka, wani lokacin akwai karin iko version, misali, Jamus Nashorn zamo kamar 128 mm. A zamani sojojin raka'a ba amfani.

antiaircraft

Shi ne na musamman igwa da kuma inji bindigogi, wanda babban aiki ne kayar low-tsawo da kuma matsakaici-tsawo jirgin sama da kuma maƙiyi jirage masu saukar ungulu. Yawancin lokaci suna kananan-zamo atomatik bindigogi dauke da makamai (20-40 mm) da / ko manyan zamo bindigogi (12,7-14,5 mm). An muhimmin kashi na anti-aircraft shiriya tsarin ya kan hanzari motsi hari. Wani lokaci su bugu da žari dauke da makamai masu linzami na "ƙasa-da-iska." A birane fama, da kuma a lokuta idan ya zama dole su yi tsayayya da manyan talakawa da dakaru, anti-jirgin sama bindigogi nuna kansa a matsayin da ba za a. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, musamman bambanta da Jamusanci anti-aircraft bindigogi Wirbelwind da Ostwind, kazalika da Soviet ZSU-37. Modern Rasha sojojin ya biyu ZSU dauke da makamai: 23-4 ( "Shilka") da kuma "Tunguska".

surrogate

Shin improvised fada motocin, tsara a kan tushen da kasuwanci manyan motoci, manyan bindigogi tractors da tractors. Reservation a surrogate Sau, kamar yadda mai mulkin, rasa. Daga m shigarwa irin wannan aji rarraba aka samu 57-mm kai-propelled anti-tanki fama abin hawa ZIS-30 cewa dogara ne a kan wani sa ido manyan bindigogi tarakta "Komsomolets". A mafi yadu amfani surrogate inji, Nazi Jamus da farkisanci Italiya saboda rashin wasu sulke da motocin.

A hankula kai-propelled manyan bindigogi da Tarayyar Soviet nasarar hadawa da ayyuka na mahara azuzuwan. An bayyananne misali na wannan model ISU-152. Jamusawa da bin da dabarun samar da sosai na musamman kai-propelled bindigogi. A sakamakon, wasu Jamus raka'a kasance mafi kyau a cikin azuzuwan.

amfani dabara

Su fahimci abin da ACS da kuma abin da suka kasance, bari mu koyi yadda za a yi amfani da su a yi. Manufar kai-propelled manyan bindigogi a fagen yaƙi ne, don tallafa wa sauran iri da sojojin da manyan bindigogi wuta daga boye matsayi. Saboda gaskiya cewa ACS da wani babban motsi, sun iya tare da tankuna a lokacin karya ta hanyar maƙiyi defenses, muhimmanci kara fama damar da sulke da dakaru sojojin.

High motsi ma ya ba da damar kai-propelled manyan bindigogi don kai farmaki makiya. Don yin wannan, pre-lasafta duk da sigogi na harbi. ACS sa'an nan zuwa da harbe-harben matsayi da ya jagoranci wani m kai hari kan abokan gaba ba tare da zeroing. Bayan haka, da suka da sauri bar harbe-harben line, kuma da lokacin da makiya za su lissafi da wuri domin a retaliatory buga, da matsayin da ya zama fanko.

Idan abokan gaba tankuna da motorized dakaru hutu, ta hanyar da line na tsaro, kai-propelled manyan bindigogi iya zama a matsayin nasara anti-tanki makamai. Don wannan karshen, wasu ACS model samu shiga su musamman harsasai bawo.

A cikin 'yan shekaru, kai-propelled manyan bindigogi fara da za a yi amfani da su kashe makasa cewa an boye a m kai farmaki sauran wurare firepower.

Single kai-propelled manyan bindigogi, dauke da makamai da makaman nukiliya da makamai masu linzami zai iya halakar da manyan abubuwa, masu garu ƙauyuka, kazalika da Aljihuna na sojojin abokan gaba. A wannan yanayin, da makaman nukiliya da makamai masu linzami ACS kusan ba zai yiwu ga sakonnin. Duk da haka, cikin kewayon yiwu hari a niyya manyan bindigogi nakiyoyi kasa da kuma jiragen sama na dabara makamai masu linzami, kazalika da ikon da fashewa.

tsari

Mafi na kowa da nisa, kai-propelled inji yawanci gina a kan tushe na tanki da shasi haske gashi sa ido motocin. A lokuta biyu da tsari na gyara da kuma majalisai ne irin wannan. Ba kamar tankuna, hasumiyar ACS shigarwa located a raya na makamai gidaje, da kuma ba a tsakiyar. Kamar wancan ne da aiwatar da samar da harsasai zuwa ƙasa yana yuwuwa da yawa. Engine-watsa band, bi da bi located a gaban kuma tsakiyar rabo daga gare shi. Saboda gaskiya cewa baza aka located a baka, shi ne bu mai kyau da cewa gaban ƙafafun an haddasa. Duk da haka, a cikin halin yanzu ACS Trend zuwa da yin amfani da raya-dabaran drive.

rabuwa da management, shi ne guda - a wurin aiki na da direba, an dake kusa da cibiyar gearbox na na'ura ko kusa da ta gefen hagu. The mota aka located tsakanin aya daga cikin direba ta da matukan jirgin daki. Fada daki hada da harsasai da kuma na'urorin don yin saiti bindigogi.

Har ila yau ya bayyana embodiment na ajiye aka gyara da kuma majalisai, gun Dutsen iya shirya na Tank samfurin. Wani lokaci, su yi wakiltar wani tanki hasumiya zaban ma'aikata da aka maye gurbinsu na musamman hasumiyar da kudi na kayan aiki da kuma kayan aiki ga shiriya. A nan muna tare da ku da kuma gano abin da ACS.