List of maras ferrous karafa: halaye, aikace-aikace

A ci gaba da wayewa ba sun faru haka hanzari, idan mutum ya ba sami hanyar samar da kuma aiwatar daban-daban karafa. Kuma idan a na farko shi aka ciyar da nasara binciken da na halitta zinariya Nuggets kwance kai tsaye a kan ƙasa surface, sa'an nan da sannu jerin wadanda ba ferrous karafa, wanda mutane gudanar da "hora", ya zama muhimmanci fadada. A farko-gwajen da wani karin cikakken nazarin da kaddarorin sabon abubuwa sun nuna cewa duk kayan da daban-daban Properties, kuma su yi amfani da wa wannan dalilai ba zai yiwu ba. Bugu da ƙari, cikin iyaka reserves karfe samar rikitaccen abubuwan da cewa ba ferrous karfe da kuma sanya mafi muhimmanci da kuma tsada fiye da baki.

Mene ne wani maras ferrous karafa?

Wasu mutane sun yi imani da cewa ba ferrous karafa - ne musamman m zinariya, da azurfa, kuma platinum, duk da haka, wannan ra'ayi ba daidai ba ne. Da farko, a cikin sama jerin wadanda ba ferrous karafa a general ba zai iya shiga duk wadannan karafa, domin sun kasance a daban-daban kungiyoyin na biyu Properties, hanyoyin, da kuma samar da matakai, rarraba, da kuma a kan aikace-aikace (sai dai zalla kayan ado masana'antu). za ka iya ɗauka cewa dukan da ba-ferrous karafa, wanda ba dauke a cikin abun da ke ciki Fe, watau baƙin ƙarfe.

A yanayi, akwai wani babban yawan abubuwa, kowanne daga abin da yana da musamman Properties da kuma kuɓutar da su ganima. Daga cikin mafi sani: tagulla, aluminum, titanium, magnesium, nickel, da kuza, da gubar, chromium, zirconium, da kuma fiye da dozin na kayan da ake amfani da kunkuntar-profile masana'antu. Analogues suka sami ba cewa ba zai yiwu ba, amma kuma a cikin halittar wucin gadi yanayi na sosai kimiyya dakunan gwaje-gwaje ne a baya-watse aiki da mafarki na masana kimiyya daga ko'ina cikin duniya, kuma a ko'ina cikin shekaru daban-daban. Isar da shi a lõkacin da alchemical rubuce-rubucen da gwaje-gwajen da aka bayyana a cikin kimiyya da ayyuka na zamanin d shekaru, da kuma a cikin tarihi ayyukansu, adabi da yawa Legends da ba su da sahihanci a idanun shaida ga wata.

Wuta, ruwa da kuma jan bututu

To, abin da ke da amfani da karfe, ba mafi m da kuma rahusa hardware? Me yasa suka mined sau da yawa sosai jaddada yanayi, da kuma wata babbar lamba na 'yan kasuwa masu girma dabam ba sama da tattara da crumbs na ba-ferrous karafa? Cewa wadannan kayan da musamman jiki da kuma sinadaran Properties. Mafi yawa, suna halin high plasticity da softness, m energoprovodimostyu kuma ko da karafa da cewa mutane suna iya samun quite babban adadin, kõwane ɗaya daga cikinsu yana amfani da wani mabanbanta domin.

Tsananin magana, ba kowane abu za a iya amfani da tsarki, undiluted tsari, jerin wadanda ba ferrous karafa ya zama abin da ake kira doping, shi ne manya-manyan. Suna gauraye da juna ta samar da sabon mahadi da cewa za a iya amfani da su a cikin sarari masana'antu, magani da kuma wasu yankunan na rayuwar dan Adam. Wani lokaci yana da isasshen yi sãshen ko kashi na kayan aiki daga tsada da kuma musamman wadanda ba ferrous karfe, amma kawai yin spraying. Jiki da kuma sinadaran Properties na bakin ciki sosai shafi zai zama isa ya cimma da ake so manufa.

All ba zinariya cewa glitters

Gold - ƙarfe, cikin shahararrun daga cikin masu launin. Wannan ba abin mamaki, da shahararsa shi ne saboda haka high cewa na dogon lokaci, da suka biya domin dukiya, shi ne dalilin da dama kayan ado da kuma ta da manyan da shi ya zama wani nau'i ne na awo na mutum da alheri. Da dama da suka gabata da suka wuce, da lissafin tsakanin kasashen biyu faruwa a zinariya m, kuma yanzu zinariya reserves na kowane jihar kasafin kudin ne wani nuna alama daga cikin sauran tattalin arzikin da dũkiyõyi, na yawan jama'ar, a musamman.

Tsananin na zinariya - a rare karfe, duk da haka da sauki rike. Babban amfani da Sega ta m ductility, inda jewelers haifar da kyau kayan ado da articles na rawaya abu. Duk da haka, a cikin yanayin kananan zinariya tsantsa, kuma yana da matukar wuya a samu, a wannan batun, shi ne sau da yawa kara daban-daban Additives, wanda ne dan kadan canza launi da kuma softness na zinariya a karshe sakamakon. List of maras ferrous karafa ne bambancin, da kuma kowane ƙari da ake amfani da dalilai daban-daban, da babban kayan su ne:

• tagulla,

• azurfa.

• nickel.

• platinum.

• palladium.

• tutiya.

Kowace daga cikin wadannan karafa canza asalin launi da sakamakon abu, wanda zai iya zama greenish, ruwan hoda, da fari tint. Shi ne kuma muhimmin gauraye karfe ƙarfi, domin a kanta zinariya ne don haka m cewa shi za a iya sauƙi tõno, yanke da wuka, da saboda} o} arin, ciji wani hakori. Dukan wadannan hanyoyin - mai sauki da kuma araha hanyar gwada kowane samfurin ga amincin.

Bugu da kari ga kayan ado masana'antu, da zinariya aka yi amfani da sinadaran masana'antu, Electronics, sarari da kuma jirgin sama gini, da samar da man fetur.

Precious karafa

Daga cikin mafi tsada karafa sama ba mafi tsada, shi ne kawai na huɗu ranking matsayi. List of maras ferrous karafa a kudin karanta kamar haka (musayar farashin for 1 gram):

• California - daga 500 dala dubu.

• osmium-187- 200 dala dubu.

• Rhodium - $ 225.

• Kaafla - $ 77.

• zinariya - $ 30.

• osmium - $ 19.

• Iridium -16 daloli.

• ruthenium - $ 15.

• palladium - $ 14.

• Azurfa - $ 0.6.

Lokaci-lokaci wasu daga cikin wadannan sinadaran abubuwa amfani a cikin tsarki tsari, kuma ba kowa ake amfani da su haifar da Masterpieces na mai yin kayan ado ta art. An sau da yawa zaci daidaici Manufacturing mutum aka gyara daga hadaddun sassa fallasa su ko rashin zafi ƙwarai, chemical, da dai sauransu Non-ferrous karafa daga wannan rukuni - .. Yana da wani daidaici, hadaddun amma riba zama, wanda faruwa a jihar matakin ko ta hanyar monopolistic kungiyar. A soja masana'antu fahimci musamman kayan aiki, makamai masu linzami, wanda ake kokarin mayar guda na details domin kara aiki.

aikace-aikace

Mutane da yawa za su yi mamakin me ya sa wadannan kayan ne don haka tsada. Kuma tun da kama grams na daraja karfe, cewa za a iya yi a yi? Amsar mai sauki ce: ba tare da wasu dabarun da kayan aiki - kome ba.

Alal misali, palladium da ake amfani da minting na tsaraba da tarin ma'ana, wanda yake shi ne wajen zuba jari. Amma a cikin wani more m nufi, shi ne amfani don ƙirƙirar na'urorin kiwon lafiya. Ruthenium ne da amfani a matsayin bangaren domin tsarkakewa daga ruwa kuma ta taurare iridium gami ga kayayyakin da za a fallasa su musamman high yanayin zafi.

Mutane da yawa daga cikin wadanda ba ferrous karafa ake amfani da matsayin hanyar samun kudin shiga da kuma adana babban birnin kasar ta shiga a kasuwar ciniki a matsayin shi ne na aikin stock mu'amala, kazalika da kasancewa daya daga cikin wajen domin Inuwa ma'amaloli da ƙauyuka.

jan gami

Copper - daya daga cikin rare kayan a yi na lantarki wayoyi, ruwa bututu, Electronics. Ta wani sosai tsaurin, mai kyau shugaba zafi da wutar lantarki a lokaci guda shi ne ba da karfi isa, kuma shi ne talauci da simintin. Don warware wannan drawback, wani m karfe da aka kara daban-daban impurities wanda yin wani karfi tagulla. Tin, wanda aka samu a sakamakon, ba batun lalata da abrasion, godiya ga Properties na da ikon yinsa ne musamman m.

Wani kowa ƙari ne a tutiya, wani yawan na karfe sa ya yiwu a samu da tagulla. Wannan abun da ke ciki yana da muhimmanci sosai dopant abun ciki, da hakan cikin kashi abun ciki na ƙari, da wuya karfe, amma shi ne mafi saukin kamuwa zuwa lalatattu lalacewa.

Amma jan-nickel gami ne sau da yawa amfani a yi na ado, da ƙari bada mafi m launi da kuma ƙarfi daga cikin kayayyakin.

aluminum gami

Aluminum - shi ne daya daga cikin manyan wadanda ba ferrous karafa. Irin wannan shahararsa shi ne saboda da low cost na samarwa, aiki sauki da kuma zumunta sauƙi na karfe, da yiwuwar yin amfani da sake yin fa'ida kayan.

Kamar yadda da sauran karafa a m aluminum a fusing daban-daban Additives, a Bugu da kari, kansu gami iya daban-daban masana'antu dabarun kasu kashi waɗanda aka karfafa for zafi magani, ba ƙẽƙashe, kuma akwai ma wani raba, na uku category, wanda damar zaben 'yan wasa daga sassa da ake bukata da kuma kayayyakin.

Birgima ba ferrous karafa da shawara cewa, da kayan bayan da magani daukan nau'i na sandunansu, wayoyi na daban-daban giciye sassan da makõma, zanen gado, shambura, ingots da bushings.