Manor Gorenki: inda, photos, tarihi

A Moscow, mafi daidai, a Balashikha shi ne daya daga cikin manyan kuma mafi tsufa Rasha kadarori. A tsawon shekaru an mallakar da shahararrun iyalan: Dolgorukov da Razumovsky, Tretyakov da Yusupov.

Gorenki gidan gona da aka gina a kan hagu gāɓar kogi, kudu da Vladimir Babbar Hanya, wadda a yanzu ake kira Nizhny Novgorod karauka. Around wani m gidan gona gidan da aka raba m lambu, gama da cascades na bakwai tafkunan, wanda ake shãmakancẽwa kashe tsibiran da kuma gadoji. Kawai uku daga cikinsu ya tsira har mu kwana. Part ƙasar da aka sayar zuwa masu zaman kansu masu da gwanjo. Sa'a, da babban gine-gine, kazalika da fada da kuma wurin shakatawa gungu kiyaye su, ko da yake ba a cikin mafi kyau yanayin.

A kadan tarihi

A tarihin gidan gona Gorenki Balashikha kafe a cikin m baya. A karo na farko a kauyen da aka ambata a cikin tarihin Gorenki na ga XVI karni. A farko mai na ƙasar ya kasance NR Zakhar'in-Yuriev - wa na matar Ivana Groznogo kuma kakan Tsar Mikhail Romanov. Lokaci na matsaloli, da kuma hawan zuwa kursiyin da aka ba a yarda ya fara equipping Romanov kadarori.

Prince Yuri Khilkov kawai a 1693 gina farko gidan gona gidan ya kuma ba shi haɗe da ƙasar a matsayin sadaki yarsa Paraschiva.

Dolgorukovs

A 1707, Praskovya Khilkov aure to Alekseya Dolgorukova. A 1724 da sabon mai na Estate a haɗe zuwa dama banki da kuma Gorenki Czyżew da kuma fara gina fāda. Ɗansa, Ivan, yana da wani cin nasara aiki a kotu, zama a fi so daga cikin matasa, Sarkin sarakuna Bitrus II na, wanda sau da yawa ziyarci Gorenki.

AG Dolgorukov mafarkin da Bitrus II auri ya sha bakwai shekara haihuwa 'yar Catherine. A watan Nuwamba 1729 ya shiga, da kuma ayyana Ekaterina amarya sarki. Amma kwatsam goma sha huɗu sarki fadi da rashin lafiya kuma ya rasu. Dolgorukovs sanya ƙagagge nufin a cikin abin da sarki ya yi gade wa gadon amarya. Amma wadannan takardu ba su yi ĩmani na dogon lokaci Dolgorukovy aika gudun hijira, da kuma duk dũkiyõyinsu da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga baitul.

Apartment a cikin XVIII karni

Manor Gorenki (photo za ka iya gani a kasa) a zamanin Elizabeth ya zama dũkiyar Count Razumovsky. Ya kasance mai chorister na coci mawaka, kuma daga baya ya zama wani fi so daga cikin Empress. Razumovsky a 1747 yanke shawarar gina Haikalin. A daidai wannan lokaci da ya fara yi na Church of All-jin ƙai mai ceto.

Malaman tarihi sun rubuta cewa shi ne lokacin da Alexei Razumovsky gidan gona ya fara yaxu. Lokacin da an landscaped fada, to wanda aka a haɗe a babban ƙofar a wani gargajiya style tare da farin tsayi ginshikan. Around fadar fasa wani m shakatawa tare da cascading tafkunan da kuma wucin gadi kogwanni. Kuma a cikin 1809, da makamantansu Estate an halitta Gorenki Botanical Society, na farko a Rasha. Akwai aka kuma shirya a lokacin da most library na littattafai a kan kimiyyar yanayin halitta.

Ya kamata a ce cewa mai na Estate wani m lover of m shuke-shuke, kiwo da wanda ya yi aiki daga wani matashi. Mun gode wa kokarin da Estate Gorenki Balashikha bayyana a manyan Botanical lambu da greenhouses, wanda ya yi girma game da dubu bakwai na ban mamaki shuke-shuke kawo daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Ga kuma akwai wurare masu zafi da shuke-shuke, waxanda suke da quite wuya a samu saba wa gida sauyin yanayi. A lambu ne horar da bamboo da kuma Sin da itacen al'ul, kudancin cypress da na itatuwan dabino. Wadannan matafiya sau da yawa ya zo daga kasashe daban-daban, to sha'awan halittar Razumovsky.

Domin wadannan manyan gonaki kallo F. B. Fisher - da aka sani da masanin kimiyyar-botanist, wanda daga baya gangarawa cikin Botanical Garden a St. Petersburg. Istinbadi yara na Earl ya ba, don haka duk dukiyar bayan mutuwarsa, ciki har da gidan gona Gorenki, ya wuce zuwa yara kane. Lokacin da rabo daga gadon gidan gona tafi Alexei Kirillovich, wanda a wannan lokacin ya riga sanannun botanist, wanda sau da yawa ake kira "Rasha Linnaeus."

Tare da shi a kan Estate fara manyan sikelin-yi. Kudi ga gyara shimfidar wuri na Estate Alexey K. kare. Ya da wani rashin su saboda wani cin nasara aure to V. P. Sheremetevoy.

A karshen karni XVIII

A wannan lokacin gidan gona Gorenki a Moscow ya canza da yawa: wani uku-storey gidan gona gidan da aka gina da m daga Scotland Adama Adamovicha Menelasa. Its facade aka yi wa ado da portico da shida babbar fari ginshikan. Modern masana tarihi da kuma art masana tarihi yi imani da cewa kafa ta gine-gine da ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da zane na sanannen fada Perov girma m Rastrelli.

Gorenki Estate da aka tsara a cikin gargajiya style. Kafin uku-labarin gini ne mai menagerie, da kuma a gefen da aka kafa stalls, ado da marmara da mutummutumai. Daga shi zuwa kandami akwai mai fadi bene.

shakatawa

Tafkunan da Mogao, gadoji, jefa cikin tsibiran, arbor-rotunda kuma, ba shakka, kore sarari ne misalta classic Turanci wurin shakatawa. Meneles m ya yi aiki ga Razumovsky, da Stroganov iyali, sa'an nan ya yanke shawarar zama a Rasha har abada. Ya kasance marubucin na musamman ayyukan, wanda ake gane da lu'u-lu'u na gine-gine da art - Alexandria Park da Cottage Palace a Peterhof Palace Reserve (Tsarskoye Selo), Arsenal (Alexander Park).

Manor lokaci na dakushe

A lokacin yakin duniya na II (1812) gidan gona sha wahala da yawa. Bayan rasuwar Alexei Kirillovich (1822) ya samu dukiya, Prince Yusupov. Masana tarihi da'awar cewa Razumovsky ba ma yi tunani game da wanda zai samu gidan Gorenki. Sahaban da'awa a memoirs cewa count fiye da ya ƙaunace kuma dauki kula da shuke-shuke fiye da a kan yara.

Tun a zamanin d 'yan qasar Yusupov nasaba da yawa gine-gine Masterpieces. Duk da haka, ba kowa da kowa ya san cewa, mafi yawan m fada da shakatawa gungu a Arkhangelsk an halitta anfani da fitar dashi daga Estate Gorenki itatuwa, greenhouse shuke-shuke da kuma sculptures.

gidan gona lalata

Bayan rasuwar A. K. Razumovskogo Gorenki a cikin tarihi na gidan gona zo gudana. Dabi'u tattara su a tsawon shekaru, an sayar wa mutane daban-daban. Library, kuma herbarium sayi Alexander I, wasu daga cikin abubuwa sayi gonaki daga ƙauyukanta, da kuma sosai Yusupov Estate da aka sayar zuwa fatake Volkov, wanda bai goyon adana na m gidan gona. Lokacin da dilapidated Estate, kuma ya zo a cikin disrepair.

A marmari gidan gona gidan fara aiki biyu masana'antu da katako gidaje ga ma'aikatan da aka gina a cikin wurin shakatawa. Daga wannan sake fasalin kudin ya shafa ba kawai gidan amma kuma wurin shakatawa da suke kewaye da shi. Maria Tretyakova, da penultimate maigidan da janar wuce gidan haya a gidan.

Sai kawai na karshe mai na Estate, industrialist Sevryugov, yunkurin raya shi. Kafin juyin juya halin ya kashe shahararre a lokacin kudi a cikin dukiya ta sabuntawa. da ciki an mayar da gida, ya sa domin da facades tsabtace tafkunan. Restoration aikin dubawa mashahuri m Chernyshev. Ya girman kai da aka Golden Hall a farko bene na gidan. Gilded stucco aiki a kan ta, rufi har yanzu kiyaye su.

Ba shi da wuya su yi tunanin sikelin da sabuntawa, shan la'akari da cewa magini yana zuwa da za a sāke gina overlapping gidajen da aka vandalized a lokacin allura factory chimneys, rabu da kafa zuwa reshe da kuma kafa a wuri da colonnade, ya hallaka dukan gine-gine na itacen da yake a wurin shakatawa, tanadi stucco da kuma zanen da gidan. Duk da haka, gidan gona da aka mayar a cikin marigayi rani na 1917.

Gorenki gidan gona a Soviet sau: da nationalization

A twenties, Estate aka nationalized, da kuma don wani lokaci akwai wani yara gida. A shekara ta 1925 a can, Mun sanya wani sanatorium "Red Rose" ga majinyatan tarin fuka. Yana samu da sunan da girmama na Rosa Luxemburg. Af, ya ci gaba da aiki a yau. Kewaye da gine-gine ya fara kasa a lokacin rani cottagers. Akwai shaida da cewa daya daga cikin gida kasar gidaje na dogon lokaci rayu Meyerhold iyali.

Manor yau

A lokacin da shekaru na Soviet mulki m-ɗauki cikinsa tattalin arziki aiki ya sa irreparable lalacewar da dukan hadaddun. Gina a kan karkararta ya kiyaye kusan duk, amma a gaskiya wurin shakatawa da aka yi watsi da fadi zuwa cikin disrepair. Daga cikin bakwai tafkunan rasa hudu, sare itatuwa da yawa, ba dadi haimõmi, rotundas, tsira kawai biyu gadoji, amma hãlãyensu ne deplorable.

Colonnade manyan daga babban gidan da outhouse, overgrown tare da bushes, da kuma mataki na halaka ne mafi kamar wani tsoho Haikali. Daga cikin matakan da suka kai ga wurin shakatawa, akwai kananan niƙaƙƙun bace da kuma gaggafa daga pedestal cewa shi sau daya qawata.

A wurin shakatawa ne a kan bankunan na kandami yana da wani ban sha'awa lambu da kuma wurin shakatawa yi a cikin Estate Gorenki. Grot - Semi-subterranean tsarin gina daga babban cobblestone, wanda sandunansu fita daga bangon, kamar hakora babbar predator. A cibiyar ne domed zauren da uku kunkuntar, Tuddan corridor. A rufi daga cikin wakiltar rushe a wuraren. Me amfani da wannan makaman - gama farin cikin da Ubangiji ya ko a matsayin mai sanyi cellar, tare da wani daidaito na babu wanda zai iya ce, ko da yake, a cikin ra'ayi, na biyu version ne mafi idon basira.

Groth na da labari, wanda ya ce a lõkacin da dukiya mallakar mallaki gidaje D. N. Saltykovoy (Saltychikha) da aka sani mai tsanani fushi, ta mainsail aka yi amfani da azaba da serfs. Duk da haka, babu wata hujja da wannan ba, kuma yana da kawai wani labari. A lokacin da na karshe maimaitawa na wakiltar aka mayar, amma a yau shi ne partially rushe sake.

Za a mayar da gidan gona Shin?

Connoisseurs na Rasha tarihi bai rasa begen cewa wannan zai faru a foreseeable nan gaba. Kuma yana da dukan abubuwan da ake bukata: kwanan nan qasaita ayyana wani tarihi abin tunawa, kare da jiha. Kwanan nan akwai fara maido aiki, amma suna fama da facades na gine-gine da kuma karamin sashi na shakatawa. Good yanayin gine-gine yale mu mu fatan cewa Estate ƙarshe saya da kansa musamman asali bayyanar. Ina son ganin a cikin wahala sau akwai hannu da shuni, ba sha'aninsu dabam da Rasha al'adu.

Manor Gorenki: yadda za a samu a can?

Estate is located a wajen gefen kudu na Nizhny Novgorod karauka. A daidai adireshin Gorenki Manor: hanya masu goyon baya, 2. Ba za a iya isa da mota, jirgin kasa da kuma bas.

Yadda za a samu to gidan gona Gorenki mota? Daga cikin babban birnin kasar kana bukatar ka je a kan hanya M7 kuma bi shi to Balashikha. Estate za ka ga a gefen dama na hanya.

Tare da Kursk tashar jirgin tafiya zuwa tashar jirgin kasa Gorenki kullum. Daga shi da kadarori bukatar wuce akalla sa'a biyu kilomita. Za ka iya daukar bas # 336, wanda ya tafi daga "yaƙin" Metro tashar. Da direba ya kamata a tambaye su daina bas a Estate, kafin kai cikin birnin.

A 'yan kalmomi a ƙarshe

Duk da shekaru masu yawa na zargin almubazzarancin, gidan gona Gorenki riƙe laya daga cikin tsofaffin Rasha daraja estate. Lalle ne shĩ, gidan da kuma wurin shakatawa rasa asalin kyakkyawa, kuma har yanzu ba za a iya kwatanta ta da irin wannan shahara kadarori kamar yadda Kuskovo da Arkhangelskoye. Amma a halin yanzu jihar ne musamman yanayi da za su iya kawai za a samu a lokacin da ziyartar wannan ban mamaki wuri.