Gustav Meyrink: biography, kerawa, karbuwa daga ayyukan

Daya daga cikin shahararrun marubuta na nuna na XIX-XX ƙarni - Gustav Meyrink. Expressionist da fassara wanda ya karbi karbuwa a kasashen duniya godiya ga labari "golem". Mutane da yawa masu bincike sun sh kira shi da daya daga cikin na farko bestseller na 20th karni.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

A nan gaba mai marubuci da aka haife shi a Vienna a 1868. Mahaifinsa Ministan Carl von Hemmingen an yi aure to actress Mary Meyer, me ya sa Gustav aka haife shege. Af, Meyer - ya real name, wanda aka ce masa Meyrink ya dauki daga baya.

Malaman tarihi sun lura da wani ban sha'awa, daki-daki: da expressionist marubuci haife Janairu 19, a wannan rana kamar sanannen American marubuci-sufi, da American Edgar Allan Poe. A cikin tarihi na adabi na kasashen, sun taka irin wannan rawa.

Ƙananan yara, Gustav Meyrink da tare da mahaifiyarsa. Kamar yadda wani actress, ta kasance sau da yawa a kan hanya, don haka da yara da aka kashe a cikin m tafiya. Learning zo a dama birane - Hamburg, Munich, Prague. Meyrink masu bincike sun nuna cewa, shi da uwarsa dangantakar sun sanyi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa, bisa ga yawa wallafe-wallafen sukar, don haka rare sun demonic mace haruffa a cikin aikinsa.

Prague lokaci

A 1883 Meyrink zo zuwa Prague. A nan sai ya sauke karatu daga Academy of Ciniki da wani banki sana'a. A cikin wannan birnin, Gustav Meyrink ciyar biyu shekarun da suka gabata, akai-akai portraying shi a cikin ayyukansu. Prague ne ba kawai bango a gare shi, amma kuma daya daga cikin manyan haruffa da dama litattafan, kamar "The golem," "Walpuski Night", "The Angel na West Window".

Ga kasance daya daga cikin key events a cikin rãyuwar marubuci, ya lura da Malaman tarihi. Details game da shi iya koya daga labarin "The Pilot", da aka buga bayan mutuwarsa. A 1892 Meyrink aka ƙoƙarin kashe kansa, da fuskantar da mai zurfi na ruhaniya rikicin. Ya hau a kan tebur, tsince da bindiga kuma ya game da su harba, wani slipped karkashin ƙofar kadan littafin - "rayuwa bayan mutuwa". Daga kokarin barin wani rai ya kasance a lokacin ƙiya. Kullum, sufi daidaituwa taka leda a babban rawa a cikin rayuwarsa da kuma ayyukansa.

Meyrink zama sha'awar nazarin theosophy, kabbalah, sufi da koyarwar Gabas, aikata yoga. A karshen taimake shi jimre ba kawai na ruhaniya, amma kuma jiki matsaloli. Marubuci duk rayuwarsa sha wahala daga ciwon baya.

banki

A 1889, Gustav Meyrink tsanani tsunduma a kudi. Tare da wani abokinsu, Kirista Morgenstern kafa banki "Mayer da kuma Morgenstern." A farko, abubuwa suka tafi Uphill, amma wani marubuci tsunduma a banki aiki ne ba su da wuyar, da biyan karin da hankali ga rayuwa wadanda mutane dandy.

A asalin marubuci nuna akai-akai, saboda haka, sai ya yi yaƙi ko da wani duel tare da daya jami'in. A 1892 ya aure kusan nan da nan ta taka rawar gani a aure, amma saki kawai a 1905 saboda doka jinkiri da kuma dagewa da matarsa.

Gaskiyar cewa banki tasowa sosai sosai mugun, shi ya zama na fili a 1902, lokacin da Meyrink kawo akwati domin aikace-aikace na spiritualism da kuma maita a banki ayyukan. Ya shafe kusan watanni 3 a kurkuku. Zargin gane ƙiren ƙarya, amma wannan harka shi ne har yanzu wani mummunan tasiri a kan kudi aiki.

A farkon wallafe-wallafen aiki

Meyrink m aiki ya fara a 1903 tare da kananan satirical labaru. Riga sun yi wani m sha'awa cikin Sufi. A wannan lokacin, Gustav ne rayayye hada kai tare da Prague neo-romanticism. A cikin bazara ya saki ta farko da littafin "Hot maza da sauran labaru", kuma daga baya tarin gajejjeran labaru, "Orchid. M labarai".

A 1905, ya fa, tã yi wani na biyu aure - tare da Filominoy Bernt. Da suka yi tafiya, fara buga wani satirical mujallar. A 1908 ya zo na uku tarin gajejjeran labaru, - "Kakin". Wallafe-wallafen aikin ba zai iya ciyar da iyali, don haka Meyrink soma nazarin translation. Domin wani lokaci sai ya gudanar ya fassara 5 kundin na Charles Dickens. Translation Meyrink tsunduma har karshen rayuwa, ciki har da biyan mai da hankali ga occult texts.

The labari "The golem"

A 1915 ya buga cikin shahararrun labari by marubucin - "golem". Meyrink nan da nan sami Turai ɗaukaka. A core samfurin labari na rabbin Yahudawa wanda ya halitta a lãka dodo da kuma ba da rai da shi ta amfani da kabbalistskih texts.

A mataki faruwa a Prague. The riwayan, sunansa ya zauna ba a sani ba, ko ta yaya ya sami hat na wani Athanasius tsuntsaye. Bayan wannan, da gwarzo fara ganin m mafarkai, kamar yadda idan ya kasance da sosai tsuntsaye. Ya ke kokarin samun mai shi daga hula. A karshen, san cewa wannan stonecutter da restorer, wanda ya rayu shekaru masu yawa da suka wuce, a Prague, a cikin Yahudawa duhun kai.

The labari ya samu gagarumar nasara a duk faɗin duniya, barin wani rikodin ga cewa lokaci wurare dabam dabam na 100 dubu kofe. A shahararsa na samfurin bai hana ko yakin duniya na farko, wanda ya barke a wancan lokacin, da kuma cewa da ayyukansu ba yabon da makami, yayin da a Austria-Hungary bai ji dadin samun nasara.

Jamus zuwa Rasha "golem" fassara sanannun Soviet fassara David Vygodskii a 20-30s.

A farko babban rabo mai girma tabbatar da shahararsa ta Meyrink kuma m litattafan, duk da haka, irin wannan babban wurare dabam dabam, suna daina samar. "Green fuska" da aka saki a cikin yawan 40 000 kofe.

Success a fina-finai

Bayan da saki da labari "The golem" sun zama mashahuri karbuwa daga Meyrink littattafai. A farko topic mayar da su cikin babban allo a Jamus fim darektan Paul Wegener a 1915. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa tare da labari Meyrink ta haɗu su kawai asali labari. Ko da yake an ba zai yi jinyar da cewa wannan littafin ya yi wahayi zuwa fim. The rawa ya taka leda golem Wegener. A sakamakon haka, ya halicci wani trilogy game da wani lãka mutum. A 1917, da zanen "The golem da Dancer," da kuma, a 1920 "The golem: Yadda Ya zo a cikin duniya." Abin baƙin ciki, sosai farko film ne har yanzu dauke bata. Yana kiyaye kawai game da 4 minti na sa'o'i allo lokaci. Amma godiya ga Wegener golem zama recognizable cinematic hanya.

Meyrink film karbuwa daga cikin littattafan ba ƙare a can. A shekarar 1936, a Czechoslovakia, ya zo da fim "The golem." Meyrink yaba da aikin da umarni Julien Duvivier. A 1967, kusan a zahiri wani labari yin fim Faransa darektan Jean Kershborn. A shekarar 1979, to wannan batu iyawa Polish cinematographer Piotr Szulkin.

"Green fuska" da kuma "Walpuski Night"

A cikin farkawa daga cikin nasara daga 'yan ayyukan da marubucin, kamar yadda Gustav Meyrink, "Green fuska" da kuma "Walpuski Night". A cikin uku labari na Austria impressionist mataki sake faru a Prague, a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. "Walpuski Night" da aka rubuta a cikin wani grotesque tsari, shi kuma mai yawa Sufi, esotericism. Author izgili da Austria burghers da kuma jami'an kasar.

A cikin tsakiyar labarin akwai nau'i biyu daga haruffa. Mallaka Life medic da ya farka, wata karuwa suka auku a cikin talauci, da kuma matasa mawaki Ottakar cikin soyayya tare da 'yar da Countess Záhradky, wanda shege dan ya ne.

Babban mataki faruwa a cikin Walpuski dare, a lokacin da, bisa labari, ba tambaya da saba dokoki, kofa ajar tsakanin mu duniya da kuma na gaba. Tare da wannan misãli Gustav Meyrink, wanda biography aka nasaba, yakin duniya na farko, ya yi ƙoƙarin bayyana munin yaki da kuma zuwan juyin juya halin.

A culmination - wani mummunan yaƙi kamar yadda idan ya sauko daga zane-zane na lokacin da Hussite yaƙe-yaƙe. Daga baya masu bincike dauke "Walpuski Night" a matsayin irin gargadi. Gaskiyar cewa daidai shekara guda daga baya a Prague ya faru nationalistic jawabai, mummunan repressed na sarki sojojin.

A Rasha, "Walpuski Night" ya zama mai farin baya a cikin 20s. Mutane da yawa malaman wallafe-wallafe ko yi imani da cewa Archibald Archibaldovich na Romana Bulgakova "Maigida, kuma Margarita", da darektan da gidan cin abinci Griboyedov gidan, kofe daga Mr. Bzdinke, mai shi na tavern "Green kwado" daga Meyrink.

litattafan Meyrink

A 1921 Meyrink wallafa labari "White Dominican" bai samu tartsatsi nasara daga cikin jama'a, da kuma a shekara ta 1927 saki ya karshe manyan aikin - "The Angel na West Window". A farko, sukar bi da shi coldly, a Rasha translation bayyana ne kawai a shekarar 1992, godiya ga Vladimir Kryukov.

The labari faruwa a dama yadudduka da ma'ana. Kafin mu Vienna 1920. A tsakiyar labari hali - mai bin da zuriyar Dzhona Di, real-rai Welsh masanin kimiyya da alchemist na XVI karni. Hannuwansa fada qagaggun m. Su karatu da barazar kamu da muhimmanci events a cikin sirri rai na protagonist. Duk wannan shi ne m, kuma yayi dace da biography na Dzhona Di.

A wannan labari an rinjayi Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Wasu heroes baya ga haruffa na Dostoevsky da Andrew White.

ÃyõyinSa Meyrink style

Features Meyrink style da gano ta ya latest labari. A cikin hedkwatarsu da alchemical alama ce daga cikin tsarki aure. Akwai biyu abubuwa - namiji da mace, suka nemi su za su sake saduwa cikin wani guda naúrar a cikin babban harafin. Duk wannan shi ne reminiscent na koyarwar Carl Jung ta psychoanalytical fassarar alchemical symbolism. A samfurin yanzu a babban yawan nassoshi Alchemy, Kabbalah da tantric koyarwarsa.

da marubuci ta mutuwa

Gustav Meyrink, wanda littattafai ne m ya zuwa yanzu, ta shige a cikin shekaru 64 da shekaru. Mutuwarsa aka nasaba, tare da bala'i na dan Fartunatas. A cikin hunturu na 1932, 24-yaro ne dan shekaru da aka ji rauni mai tsanani yayin da gudun kan, da kuma samu rayuwa a cikin keken hannu. The saurayi ba zai iya kai wannan kuma ya kashe kansa. A wannan shekara, a lokacin da aka ƙoƙarin yin mahaifinsa, amma Meyrink-mazan sa'an nan ajiye da wani m littafinsa.

Marubuci bayan rasuwarsa dansa for game 6 watanni. Disamba 4, 1932, ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani. Haka ya faru a cikin kananan Bavarian garin Starnberg. Ya aka binne shi kusa da danta. A cikin kabari Meyrink kafa fari headstone tare da wani rubutu a Latin vivo, wanda ke nufin "su rayu".

A Rasha Meyrink ya dade da aka haramta, musamman a lokacin Soviet zamanin. Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet mafi daga cikin ayyukansa da aka fassara a cikin Rasha da kuma buga.