Delphic can ciki, kuma Geology: kimiyya, mai gaskatãwa ga labari

A garin Delphi a Girka - yawon shakatawa cibiyar yanzu, amma shekara dubu biyu suka taru a nan ne ba yawon bude ido, amma da yawa mahajjata. Su disembarked daga jiragen ruwa, da kuma tayi ta hawa dutsen zuwa duwatsu, inda, a tsakanin alfarma zaitun ɗan kurmi tsaya a Wuri Mai Tsarki keɓe wa rana, Allah Apollo. A cewar labari, a wannan wuri , ɗan Zeus kashe dragon Python, wanda tsaron kogon, ba mutane da kyautar annabci. Tun wannan lokacin, musamman firist - mai suna bayan da dragon Pifiyami - annabci makomar su mutane da kuma amsa tambayoyi game da nan gaba. Irin wannan matsafai a zamanin tsohuwar Girka akwai mutane da yawa, amma mafi girmama ya haikalin Apollo a Delphi.

An located a gindin Dutsen Parnassus. Tun da wuri da aka girmama daga uku Millennium BC to 4 karni AD, akwai da yawa nassoshi da shi, kuma suka yi a hadaddun oracular annabcin domin. Duk da chroniclers ce cewa haikalin Apollo tsaya a kan kogon, inda tashin karkashin kasa da gas. Priestesses yarda ne kawai 'yan mata da suka yi annabci. Duk da yake Suka yi aiki Pythia, sa'an nan aka gudanar da alkawuransu na farjinta, kuma kawai sai, barin sabis, aure.

Masu ziyara kawo kyauta ga haikalin da kuma tambaya, wadda aka rubuta a kan wani kakin hannu. Samu a wani babban yawa da kuma na zuwa daban-daban sau, sun nuna cewa, mahajjata suka sha'awar a cikin wannan rudanin: ko don canja matarsa, za mu iya dogara da wannan ko wannan mutumin da za su amfana idan daya ko wani ciniki. Oracle baya wanka saukar a adyton - karkashin kasa jam'iyya karkashin tushe na cikin Haikali - a kuma zauna a kan wani taži. Yana sniffing da ta gudana a trans. Ta rambling magana magana Delphic can ciki - na musamman firist gane a wani bakon mutterings jawabi a priestess na alloli.

Amma archaeological tono, gudana a wannan wuri daga XIX karni., Ba su sami wani fasa karkashin Haikali. Masana kimiyya Adolf Oppe da Pierre Amandri a cikin takardun da ya bayyana cewa, Pythia, annabcin da kuma can ciki na Delphi - ba fiye da a manyan, zaunanniya dama ƙarni zamba, wanda a cikin sa cikin Haikali firistoci wadãtar daga rashin laifi mahajjata. Duk da haka, a game da haikalin da Apollo a Delphi akwai wani m halin da ake ciki a lokacin da kimiyyar zamani ba ta hana ba, amma ya tabbatar da labari daga cikin mu'ujizai da ya faru a cikin masallãci.

A 1980s, da karatunsa aman wuta tsarin da aka gudanar, abin da ke faruwa a wannan wuri. An gano cewa laifuffukan wanda zai iya tashi ta hanyar kayayyakin da magmatic aiki, gudanar gabas da yamma, a mike zuwa inda Pythia zauna, da kuma inda amsa tambayoyi Delphic can ciki. adyton dakin ya 2-3 mita kasa ƙasa matakin, kamar dai shi aka tsara don kama da rike da gas zuwa daga crevices. Amma abin da ya wannan abu intoxicating priestess da kuma gabatar da shi a cikin wani trance?

Plutarch ambaci cewa "pneuma", wanda hũra da Pythia, yana mai dadi wari. Ko da a cikin shekaru 20 na karni na ashirin Himik Izabella Ganye gano cewa, a 20% bayani daga ethylene take kaiwa zuwa adam mantuwa, da kuma wani weaker kashi Yanã trance. Archaeologists Higgins a 1996 da shawarar cewa murya daga cikin allolin, wanda mini iso, a cikin Pythia da kuma sanar da Delphic can ciki, da aka yi wahayi zuwa da nau'i-nau'i daga ethylene gauraye da carbon dioxide. Wannan shi ne cikar masana kimiyya tura da nazarin wani haikali na Apollo a Gierayolise (Malaya Aziya), inda cakuda har yanzu samun daga ƙasa yadudduka ga surface. A Delphi, bayan da dama manyan girgizar asa, kogon ne rufaffiyar da kuma "source na wahayi," ya bushe.