Malic acid

Malic acid (Formula NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH) oksiyantarnaya, dibasic hydroxycarboxylic ( 'ya'yan acid). An wakilta wani colorless crystalline abu. Malic acid ne da narkewa a cikin ethanol da ruwa, talauci - a ether.

The abu yana da wani tsarkakewa, anti-oxidant, anti-kumburi, hydrating kuma m astringent Properties.

Nau'in NOOSSN2SN acid (OH) COOH

Karkashin yanayi, kowa L-malic acid. Narkewa batu - ɗaya da ɗari digiri. Sosai narkewa a cikin ruwa. A solubility na ethanol 68,3 g diethyl ether - 1.9 grams da mutum ɗari grams na sauran ƙarfi.

D-malic acid na da narkewa zafin jiki na 130,8 digiri. Solubility a ethanol - 35,9 g, diethyl ether - 0.6 grams da mutum ɗari grams na sauran ƙarfi.

Dukansu abubuwa ne insoluble a benzene.

Malic acid baiwa sinadaran Properties oxyacids. Its salts da esters ake magana a kai Malatya. Lokacin da ya kona wa mutum ɗari digiri na faruwa a cikin hira da malic acid anhydride, wani m lactide. Kan shafe tsawon dumama (har zuwa 140-150 digiri) facilitates kawar da ruwa. A sakamakon haka, da hira da malic acid don fumaric acid, tare da m dumama har zuwa ɗaya da ɗari da tamanin da darajõji ne kafa tukuna, kuma maleic anhydride.

NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH an dauki daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci tsaka-tsaki aka gyara na tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a cikin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Malic acid da aka hannu a cikin metabolism a cikin nau'i na malate. An kafa a tricarboxylic acid sake zagayowar, gluconeogenesis a. Malate bayan enzymatic halayen za a iya tuba a cikin pyruvate, fumarate, oxaloacetate.

Shirye NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH ta rage tartaric acid, hydrolysis na D, L- bromyantarnoy acid.

A masana'antu NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH amfani a yi na confectionery kayayyakin da 'ya'yan itace ruwaye. Kuma malic acid da aka yi amfani da winemaking. M abu a matsayin PH mai bincike da mai daɗin ci wakili.

Tattalin malic acid (D, L) a lokacin da tanadi oksaliluksusnoy acid NOOSSOSN2SOON Na amalgam ko ta hydrolysis (oksaliluksusnoy acid) na gano ester.

The halitta abin da ke faruwa abu samu a cikin 'ya'yan acid. Wadannan musamman hada da m apples, dutsen ash 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, gooseberries, rhubarb. A taba malic acid da aka dauke a cikin nau'i na alli da gishiri. A kananan adadin shi za a iya samu a cikin ruwan inabi. A yanayi NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH aka kafa saboda bai cika hadawan abu da iskar shaka aiwatar da sugars. Musamman a babban adadin malic acid za a iya gano a cikin m inabi (daga goma sha uku zuwa goma sha biyar grams da dm3). A lokacin ripening 'ya'yan yawan NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH rage zuwa guda biyu zuwa biyar grams da dm3. Irin wannan karu a maida hankali saboda gaskiyar cewa abu ne rayayye da hannu a numfashi tafiyar matakai. Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin 'ya'yan inabi daga arewacin yankunan sami mafi girma malic acid fiye da a da' ya'yan itatuwa daga kudancin yankunan. Contents NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH, kuma ya dogara da yanayi a lokacin shekara da kuma a kan iri-iri na innabi.

Lokacin da giya fermentation na domin na ashirin da biyar cikin dari malic acid sha yisti. A lokacin da samuwar da barasa da murmurewa carbon dioxide. Kwayan fermentation sakamakon a cikin samuwar high tsarki succinic acid. Sandaro NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH da urea kira ne tushe uracil (RNA bangaren).

Ƙarƙashin rinjayar lactic acid kwayoyin cuta na iya kaskantar malic acid don lactic acid. NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH rinjayar da dandano na ruwan inabi. A babban abun ciki na malic acid sa da "kore acidity" - kaifi dandano. A cikin wadannan lokuta, shi za'ayi nazarin halittu "acidity". aiwatar manufa dogara ne a kan ikon da yisti da lactic acid kwayoyin cuta sha NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH.