Graphene baturi ga lantarki abin hawa

Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa a nan gaba na mota masana'antu ne ga lantarki da motoci. A} asashen waje, akwai takardar kudi a kan wanda ɓangare na shekara sayar da motoci dole ne ko dai hybrids ko gudu a kan wutar lantarki, don haka da kudi da aka kashe ba kawai a cikin talla motoci, amma kuma a da gina tashoshin gas.

Duk da haka, mutane da yawa har yanzu suna jiran lantarki motoci zai zama real fafatawa a gasa, to gargajiya motocin. Ko watakila shi zai zama lokacin da caji lokaci an rage, da kuma batir zai kara? Watakila wannan zai taimaka bil'adama Graphene batura.

Mene ne Graphene?

wani sabon ƙarni na neman sauyi abu, da lightest kuma mafi m, mafi electrically conductive - shi ke nan game da Graphene, wanda ba fiye da a biyu-girma raga na carbon kawai daya zarra lokacin farin ciki. Halittawa daga cikin Graphene, Konstantin Novoselov da kuma Andre Geim, lashe kyautar Nobel. Yawancin lokaci, tsakanin bude da kuma farkon m amfani da wannan samu a yi gudu na dogon lokaci, wani lokacin ma shekarun da suka gabata, duk da haka, Graphene ba wahala guda ƙaddara. Wata kila wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa Geim da Novoselov ba boye ta samar da fasaha.

Su ba kawai ya yi magana game da shi a kewayen duniya, amma kuma sun nuna cewa akwai wani video on YouTube, inda Konstantin Novoselov gaya daki-daki, game da wannan fasaha. Saboda haka watakila nan da nan za mu iya ko yin Graphene batura da hannuwansu.

zane

Kokarin amfani Graphene kasance a kusan dukkanin fannonin kimiyya. Yana kokarin a hasken rana batura, belun kunne, lokuta da kuma ko da kokarin yi wa ciwon daji. Duk da haka, a lokacin da daya daga cikin alamar rahama da kuma abubuwa da suke wajibi ne a kan mutãne - a Graphene baturi. Ka tuna cewa a irin wannan undeniable abũbuwan amfãni a matsayin cheap da kuma tsabtace muhalli habaka, lantarki da motoci da tsanani drawback - gwada low iyakar gudu, kuma wani ikon ajiye na ba fiye da ɗari uku kilomita.

Warware matsalar na karni

Graphene baturi aiki a kan wannan manufa kamar yadda gubar da wani alkaline ko acidic electrolyte. Wannan manufa ne electrochemical dauki. Bisa ga baturi na'urar ne kama da Graphene lithium ion m electrolyte, cikinsa da cathode ne kwal coke, kusa a abun da ke ciki zuwa tsarki carbon.

Duk da haka, yanzu tsakanin injiniyoyi tasowa Graphene baturi, akwai biyu fundamentally daban-daban shugabanci. Amurka masana kimiyya sun samarwa yin cathode na Graphene da silicon waina cike da koyaswa juna, da kuma anode - na gargajiya lithium cobalt. Rasha injiniyoyi sun samu wani bayani. Mai guba da kuma tsada lithium gishiri iya maye gurbinsu da wani karin tsabtace muhalli da kuma cheap magnesium oxide. Baturi iya aiki ne ya karu a wani hali ta kara kudi na nassi daga ions daga daya lantarki zuwa wani. Wannan shi ne cimma saboda Graphene yana high index da dielectric da ikon tara wutar lantarki.

Ra'ayin da aka raba malamai a kan bidi'a: Rasha injiniyoyi da'awar cewa Graphene batura da damar biyu sau fiye da lithium-ion, amma su waje abokan aiki ce cewa a cikin goma.

Graphene batura sa a cikin taro samar a 2015. Alal misali, shi ya kasance cikin Spanish kamfanin Graphenano. Bisa ga manufacturer, da yin amfani da wadannan batura a cikin wutar lantarki da motoci a kan dabaru da kasuwanni nuna real m yiwuwa tare da Graphene baturi cathode. Don cikakken cajin da shi kawai daukan takwas minti. Matsakaicin hanya tsawon ne kuma iya ƙara da Graphene batura. Cajin 1,000 km maimakon ɗari uku - da cewa yana so bayar da masu amfani da kamfani Graphenano.

Spain da kuma kasar Sin

Tare da Graphenano hadin Sin kamfanin Chint, wanda ya saye da 10% gungumen azaba, a cikin Spanish Corporation for miliyan 18 kudin Tarayyar Turai. A kan hadin gwiwa gina wuraren za a za'ayi tare da ashirin samar Lines da shuka. The aikin ya riga ya samu game da miliyan 30 zuba jari, wanda za a kashe a cikin shigarwa na kayan aiki da kuma haya na ma'aikata. The asali Shirin ya fara da shuka, don samar da kimanin miliyan 80 Kwayoyin. A can farko, da babban kasuwar ne don zama kasar Sin, sa'an nan kuma ya shirya ya fara ba a zuwa wasu kasashen.

A cikin mataki na biyu, kamfanin Chint ya shirya don zuba jari miliyan 350 kudin Tarayyar Turai domin gina wani shuka, wanda zai zama game da dubu biyar ma'aikata. Wadannan alkaluma suna ba abin mamaki ba idan ka yi la'akari da cewa jimlar kudaden shiga zai zama game da uku kudin Euro biliyan. Bugu da kari, kasar Sin, sani na da matsaloli tare da kiyaye muhalli, za a bayar da aiyukan-abokantaka da kuma cheap "man fetur". Duk da haka, kamar yadda za mu iya kiyaye, ban da high-profile aikace-aikace, hasken bai ga wani abu, kawai gwajin model. Ko da yake Volkswagen Corporation ya sanar da niyyar yin hadin gwiwa tare Graphenano.

Tsammanin da kuma Reality

A cikin yadi a shekara ta 2017, wanda ke nufin cewa Graphenano tsunduma a "m" samar da batura na tsawon shekaru biyu, amma a kan hanyar zuwa hadu da lantarki mota - a rarity ba kawai ga Rasha. All bayani dalla-dalla da kuma data fito da kamfani, wajen maras bayyani. A general, ba su wuce na al'ada msar tambayar ra'ayi game da abin da sigogi ya kamata a yi Graphene baturi ga wani lantarki abin hawa.

Bugu da kari, ya zuwa yanzu duk da cewa an gabatar da biyu masu amfani da kuma masu zuba jari - ne kawai kwamfuta model, ba real prototypes. Yana ƙara wa matsaloli da kuma cewa Graphene - wani abu da yake tsada sosai don samar da. Duk da m kalamai da masana kimiyya a kan yadda za ta iya zama "buga a gwiwa", a wannan mataki ne kawai sarrafa to rage kudin da wasu aka gyara.

Graphene da kuma duniya kasuwar

Magoya bayan ce dukan theories cewa babu wanda riba bayyanar da irin wannan mota, saboda sa'an nan da mai da ke shiga cikin bango, kuma ta haka ne rage da kuma samun kudin shiga daga ta samar. Duk da haka, mafi m, injiniyoyi fuskanci wasu matsaloli, amma ba su so su tallata shi. The kalmar "shafi" shi ne a yanzu a ji, da yawa la'akari da shi wani abu na nan gaba, don haka watakila, masana kimiyya ba su so su washe suna.

Matsaloli a cikin ci gaban

Duk da haka, da harka iya zama, da kuma cewa stuff ne da gaske m, saboda haka, shi yana bukatar wani dace m. Zai yiwu da batura da Graphene dole ne fundamentally daban-daban daga gargajiya lithium-ion, ko lithium-polymer.

Akwai kuma wani ka'idar. Graphenano Corporation sanar da cewa sabon batura an caje a kawai takwas minti. Masana sun tabbatar da cewa wannan shi ne, lalle ne zai yiwu, amma da ikon samar da damar ya kamata ba kasa da daya megawatt, yana yiwuwa a gwada yanayi a shuka, amma ba a gida. Gina wani isasshen yawan gas tashoshin tare da iya aiki zai kudin ka kudi mai yawa, farashin guda cajin ne quite high, don haka Graphene baturi ga mota ba za ta kawo wani amfanin.

Yi ya nuna cewa na dogon lokaci da neman sauyi fasahar saka a cikin kasuwannin duniya. Wajibi ne a gudanar da wani iri-iri na gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da samfurin aminci, don haka a saki sabon fasaha na'urorin sau da yawa jinkiri har shekaru da yawa.