Kolumb Hristofor da aka gano Amirka da

Hristofor Kolumb aka haife shi a wani iyali na Genoese dirkar-draper a 1451. Ƙananan yara da kuma matasa na nan gaba Explorer, shi ne ɗan fari, a cikin iyali, haƙĩƙa, sun shige a cikin sakar bitar inda ya taimaka wa mahaifinsa, a cikin aikin. Duk da haka, daga farkon shekarun da ya yi mafarki na m Voyages. Tuni a farkon 1470 ta Kolumb Hristofor farko ta shiga a cikin ta farko da shopping balaguro. Mutane da yawa Malaman tarihi na mashawarta Italiya yi imani da cewa a wannan lokaci da aka haife shi da ra'ayin na gano wata sabuwar hanya ta
India. An yi imani da cewa irin wannan tunani zai iya gaya shi aka sani a lokacin da geographer da falakin Paolo Toscanelli.

New Way to Indiya

A wannan lokaci, dole ne ka tsaya a cikin soja da siyasa halin da ake ciki a Turai a lokacin. Gaskiyar ita ce, a gabashin nahiyar girma fiye Musulmi Ottoman Empire. Alal misali, a 1453, an kama da zamanin d babban birnin kasar na Byzantine Empire - Konstantinoful (wanda a cikin kwanaki ne mafi girma Turkish birnin Istanbul). Wannan m daular a lokacin XV karni. zahiri katange da classic siliki ãyari hanya daga Turai zuwa Asia da tsawwala high aikinsu a kan 'yan kasuwa, da kuma hana ci gaban irin wannan ciniki. Duk da haka, a gabacin ƙasa da yaushe janyo hankalin mazaunan Old World. Kada rasa shahararsa Legends game da shahararre mutane da dama dukiyoyin Gabas. Waɗannan tabbaci kara kuzari da ra'ayin na gano ƙarin detours zuwa Gabas, musamman a India. A gaskiya na irin makircinsu, Inter Alia, ya tabbatar da "matasa" a lokacin da zato na sphericity na Duniya.

Shahararren tafiya zuwa India

Kolumb Hristofor zo a Portugal a 1477, inda abokai da mutane, canza rayuwarsa har abada. Su saba da ka'idojin kewayawa, samun kwarewa
a shopping expeditions, matafiyin farko ya bayyana ra'ayin su yi kokarin samun hanyar zuwa India, Ƙididdigar Afrkansky nahiyar. Tare da wannan shawara, sai ya juya zuwa ga Portuguese sarki Juan III a 1483. Duk da haka, nan gaba discoverer na aikin da jũna ma m monarch, kuma prohibitively tsada. Kolumb Hristofor aka ƙi. Bugu da ƙari, domin na gaba shekaru tara, ya tsira wani biyar kama kasawa. Ya zuwa yanzu, a 1492, a irin wannan tafiya ba yarda. A farko balaguro saita kashe a cikin teku ba da 3 ga watan Agusta, 1492. Yana kunshi uku sosai kananan jirgin "Pinta" "Nina" (a zahiri "kadan") da kuma "Santa Maria". A m tarihi na yadda matuƙan kashe hanya, suka tafi tare ba Afirka, har zuwa yamma, an yadu da aka sani. Kawai watanni biyu daga baya, Oktoba 12, 1492 riga matsananciyar matuƙan gan a kan sararin sama na duniya. Yana daya daga cikin na zamani Bahamas. Daga bisani, Columbus sanya uku mafi expeditions zuwa gaba na sabon nahiyar. Duk da haka, tsanani da rashin lafiya bayan da hudu tafiya, ya mutu a 1506. Paradoxically, ba da sanin cewa ya gano ba kawai wani sabon hanyar da wani sabon nahiyar. Wannan al'amari ya gaya masa duniya da wani sanannen Italian - Amerigo Vespucci. Kuma girmamawa ga bude kewaye hanya zuwa India sãka musu da Vasco da Gama.

Ma'ana kewayawa Columbus, Great Gwargwadon bude kullum

Bayan nahiyar cewa gano by Hristofor Kolumb, shi ya ba wa muhimmanci canza fuskar mu duniya. Ba wai kawai a dangane da labarin kasa da ilmi ba, amma kuma a cikin dukan duniyoyin rayuwa na Old World. A cikin Turai kasuwanni flooded yawa sabon kayayyakin da zinariya reserves of American wayewar. Wannan tsari kara kuzari da ake kira m jari na babban birnin kasar, da ci gaban tattalin arzikin kasuwanci da kuma tsarin jari hujja. Kawai bude nahiyar kan gaba 'yan ƙarni, ya zama gida ga m mulkin mallaka suka kafa nasu jihar daga baya. Kasashen Turai da dama sun zama duniya mulkin mallaka dauloli, wanda ba kawai sanya 'yan asalin mutane (ba kawai a Amurka amma kuma a wasu sassa na duniya) da aiki wa kansu, amma kuma gudummawar da yardar Turai dabi'u-tushen duk faɗin duniya. Hakika, Kolumb Hristofor ba kawai wanda haka ƙwarai kawo ci gaban tarihin duniya, in ban da shi, akwai daruruwan sauran matafiya, theorists da instigators. Duk da haka, shi ne babu shakka daya daga cikin mafi girma da majagaba.