Ina iyakar Ukraine har 1917?

Border na Ukraine har 1917 ya sau da yawa kasance da nake toshe tsakanin daraja furofesoshi na tarihi, sanannen yan siyasa da kuma al'adu Figures. Da samuwar na zamani a jihar da aka yada a kan ƙarni, ga abin da tsoho birane da kuma al'ummai aka maye fiye da sau daya ko sau biyu.

Zuwa na Cimmerians

Na farko mutane a kan Ukrainian ƙasa zama Cimmerians, wanda aka ambata a cikin tunani na zamanin - "Odyssey."

Ancient makiyaya, magana guda yare na Iran harshen kungiyar, kai ziyara ga Black Sea yankin a game da 9th karni BC An zaci cewa cikin ɓata kabilan Cimmerian-kimmertsev na Lower Volga yankin, da kuma m sauyin yanayi ya tilasta musu su zauna a cikin daji matakan shekara ɗari biyu . Historical iyakar Ukraine canza kullum har 1917, kuma ya fara shi domin kusan 3000 da suka wuce, da kuma yankin da aka akai-akai mika tun wannan lokacin, da kuma rage dauki m siffar.

Tun da wasika makiyaya bai san cikakken bayani game da kansu sun bar, fãce archaeological shafukan haka rare ambaci a cikin tarihin lokaci. Sahaban da yawa da zai ce game da mummunan savages - mafi masana tarihi bayyana Cimmeria matsayin m da kere warrior da kwastan na kabilu ya jagoranci haskaka al'ummai rawar jiki.

daji Scythians

Herodotus a cikin rubuce-rubucen, ruthlessly tafiya ta kwastan da kuma ginin zamantakewa na makiyaya da kuma launuka bayyana m wargajewa na Cimmerians yan asali-chernolestsev. Abin da shi ne iyakar Ukraine har 1917, mun sani, amma zai iya gudu ko'ina, idan ba share da steppe mahayan dawakai kasa da suka ci gaba gandun daji mazaunan.

Duk da haka, makomar chernolestsev sosai da sauri ta kãma Cimmerian. Su, bi da bi, ba zai iya tare da Scythians, wanda ya tashi zuwa filin ajiye motoci, wawushe gidajensu da kuma kawar da dawakan shanu.

A mafi girma flowering na gaba kalaman na makiyaya (Scythians) cimma a cikin V-IV karni BC.

A farko tsakiyar tsattsauran al'ada a kan ƙasa na Ukraine - Great Scythia - aka bayyana da Herodotus. Border na Ukraine har 1917 tun lokacin da Scythians dauka nau'i na wani Extended murabba'i mai dari a kusa da Arewa Black Sea daga Danube River a yamma da gabashin ɓangare na Azov Sea.

Tun da sarari yana da iyaka Pripiat arewa da kuma wani layi da kara a zamani Chernigov clings Kursk da Voronezh. A III karni BC Scythians a cikin Black Sea matakan Sarmatians karshe maye gurbinsu. A kan Black Sea filayen kabilan dade game da shida ƙarni (har farko Millennium BC. E.), Har su, aka kore ta tafi da Goths da Huns. Bayan da mamayewa na ƙasar Ukraine aka mamaye Slavic kabilan Antes da related sklaviny.

Border na Ukraine har 1917, na kasance mai babbar adadin lokaci: a hankali taki a lokacin da makiyaya, sa'an nan canja siffar da ƙasa fara faru tare da cosmic gudun.

Sklaviny, Antes, venedy

Game da sklaviny rubuta akai-akai da aka ambata Gothic tarihi Jordan. A cewar shi, da Slavs-sklaviny da magabata, da kuma sun zama uku kabilan Vendian - venedy jarumi, karfi Antes, su karami 'yan'uwa - sklaviny. Amma a cikin karni VII Faransa tarihin da kuma tarihi Fredegar ce cewa "jigon sklaviny Wends".

Archaeologists sau da yawa sami antskie taska kunsha daga zinariya da azurfa samar a lokacin kamfen da kuma hare-hare a kan kewaye yankin. Ants Warriors aka dauke da makamai bakkuna da kibansu, da garkuwoyi, da takuba dogon matsayin wani ɓangare na misali kayan aiki. Antes dauke da mafi yawan iko Slavic kabilar, sun kasance sojoji-sojojin haya a Byzantine sojojin.

Fursunoni da aka sau da yawa amfani a matsayin bayi, da sayar da su ko daukar fansa daga wabtansu sun mai irin Da'a cewa lokaci. Duk da haka, bayan dan lokaci da kama bawa iya zama free kuma mai cikakken fledged memba na al'umma. Babban abin bautãwa na Ants - Perun - dauke gwada da rungumar jama'a. Zubar da jini hadaya - wani muhimman hakkokin manufa imani. daga cikin hadayu a kan bagaden da gumaka, archaeologists sun samu ne kawai dafa abinci, ganye da kuma kayan ado. A sau turũruwa Kiev fara aiwatar da nucleation da Volyn, wanda sake canza kan iyakoki na Ukraine. Har 1917, duk da haka, shi ne har yanzu a wuri mai nĩsa.

Asalin Kievan Rus '

A gaba milestone a cikin tarihi na zamani jihar shi Kievan Rus. A garin, wanda ya zama wani al'adu da kuma zamantakewa cibiyar sararin ƙasa, gina sau da dama, ya ƙone kuma hallaka. Ukrainian iyaka canza tare da shi har sai 1917 - cewa rufe da kewaye ƙasa, sa'an nan quntata ga Kiev makiyayarta.

Jihar kusa da Kiev shiri ya tashi a cikin 9th karni, a lokacin da nisa gabashin Slavs da mutanen Finno-Ugric kungiyoyin sõyayya a karkashin mulkin Prince Rurik daular. Tarihi na Kyiv matsayin mai zaman kanta birnin kasar ta fara da kama da babban birnin kasar Oleg, wanda ya kawo Eastern Slavic kabilu.

A heyday na jihar

Border na Ukraine kafin juyin juya halin na 1917 (wani wuri a cikin marigayi 10th karni, a lokacin da heyday na Kievan Rus ') da aka a hayin Dniester kuma a cikin sama kai na Kogin Vistula a yamma, an rufe da Taman Larabawa a kudu maso gabashin kuma ya bace a cikin sama kai na Arewa Dvina. Labarin kasa kuma taimaka su gabatar da birnin Kievan Rus da kuma fahimta ta yankin tsarin. A mafi tsufa ƙauyuka - Kiev, bi a lockstep tafiya Chernigov, Pereyaslavl tsoho, sanannen Smolensk, alamar Rostov, Novaya Ladoga, Pskov, kuma shahararre sabon Polotsk.

A zamanin mulkin Prince Vladimir (960-1015 gg.) Kuma Jaroslav (1019-1054 gg.) Was a lokaci daga cikin mafi girma da wadata na jihar. Abin mamaki, abin da shi shi ne iyakar Ukraine kafin 1917 juyin juya halin! Kumbura da yankin m: daga Carpathians ga Baltic da kuma Black Sea yankin na matakan.

By tsakiyar 12th karni, mai iko Kievan Rus 'ya fara duhu zamanin mulkin gargajiya rarrabuwa, tashin karya a cikin da dama na raba mulkoki sarrafawa da daban-daban rassan da Rurik. Da farko a 1132, da farko an dauke da hukuma farko na ciki-iyali kowa, idan, bayan mutuwar Mstislava Velikogo, ɗan Vladimira Monomaha, Prince of Kiev hukuma ba gane Polotsk da Novgorod a lokaci guda. Kiev ba a hukumance dauke da babban birnin kasar a matsayin mai yawa ga Mongol mamayewa (1237-1240 gg.). Abin da zai yi iyakar Ukraine kafin 1917 juyin juya halin, idan ta kasance ba a gare da matsaloli? Zai yiwu Kievan Rus zai iya girma da girman da Roma da kuma Carthage zuwa wani inglorious fall karkashin wuce nauyin babbar dauloli matsaloli.

A rushewar Smoot

A cikin yaƙi da mangolawa a kan kogin Kalka (yanzu a cikin Donetsk yankin) a cikin marigayi May 1223rd ya samu halartar kusan duk na kudancin Rasha shugabanninmu, da yawa daga cikinsu, kazalika da yawa da-haife boyars fadi a yaƙi. Daga sarakuna halaka uwansa, bãyinSa, kuma m zuriyarsa da ya kai ga kasar mafi kyau exsanguination bayarwa. A nasara tafi zuwa ga mangolawa, da kuma tsira da aka yi tsammani zaman talala, da kuma kunya. Tare da weakening na kudancin Rasha mulkoki tsananta m Hungarian da Lithuanian mulkin gargajiya iyayengiji ba, amma kuma ya karu da tasiri daga cikin sarakunan Chernigov, Novgorod da Kiev yankuna. Abin da zai yi iyakar Ukraine har 1917, ya ƙara sama duk a cikin ni'imar Rusich? Masana tarihi bayar da shawarar cewa kananan princelings sun gnawed juna tare da wannan sakamakon - a cikin fadace-fadace don ikon da ƙasa sun ɓãci a cikin mafi daraja da kuma da-haife mutane na Kievan Rus.

A fall na Kiev

A 1240 mangolawa (jagorancin Batu Khan, jikan Genghis Khan, da m,) kusantar da Kiev toka. A saurã daga cikin birni samu Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, wanda mangolawa gane yafi a matsayin dansa Aleksandra Nevskogo. Amma ba suna hawa zuwa babban birnin Kiev ya zauna a Vladimir - daga cikin daji makiyaya da su kibau, shanu da kuma m kwastan.

Kafin juyin juya halin a 1917 wanda shi ne iyakar? Inda aka gudanar fadace-fadace a cikin sau na Kievan Rus. Sa'an nan, da tabbaci kuma a karshe ta kafa wani Trend cewa kowane inch dole ne a dauki da ƙwãce.

sarauta na Galich

A 1245-m Yaroslav a lokacin wani yaki (a halin yanzu-rana Poland Jaroslaw birni a San kogin) Danila Galitsky da kuma sojojinsa ci shelves na Hungarian da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland mulkin gargajiya da sarakunanku. Danila Galitsky dangane da kasashen yammacin alliance kan Golden taro a 1253, ya samu daga Paparoma da lakabi na sarki. Sarauta Daniel Romanovych lokacin da aka mafi girma dagawa Galicia-Volhynia. Ikon jihar ya sa damuwa a cikin Golden taro. A sarauta da aka tilasta su biya haraji ga taro kullum, da shugabanni ta yi alkawarin tura sojoji domin hadin gwiwa kamfen da mangolawa. Duk da haka, Galicia-Volyn sarauta gudanar ya samu nasarar warware su a cikin ni'ima, da yawa kasashen waje da manufofin al'amurran da suka shafi.

Border na Ukraine kafin juyin juya halin a 1917 canza hanzari. Wannan ya faru a cikin kwanaki na Danily Galitskogo. A cikin rabi na biyu na karni XIII, Galicia-Volyn sarauta ba sarrafa kudu da ƙasa, amma sai kõma iko a kan waɗannan ƙasashe da tsiwirwirinsu damar yin amfani da tekun Black Sea. Bayan duk 1323rd newfound ƙasa sake aka rasa for ƙarni da dama. Polesie aka annexed Lithuania a farkon na XIV karni a cikin jerin wars tsakanin Mulkin Poland da kuma Grand Duchy na Lithuania. A ƙasa hakura da wani to Poland a 1349, ya zama wata alama karshen heyday. An fara wannan shekara, da Galicia-Volyn sarauta da aka hukuma da koma baya.

sabon yankuna

Ukrainian iyaka kafin 1917 juyin juya hali, kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, a kuma ɗimbin sau canja, da kuma cewa a wani lokaci a lokacin da Lithuania ya iya yin tsayayya da mangolawa a cikin ƙasa na zamani Kirovograd, shaci sake canza bayan fitarwa.

Mutane da yawa Orthodox sarakuna da aka ba tsayayya wa rapprochement tare da Poland, ko da yake a 1381-1384, 1389-1392 da kuma 1432-1439 shekaru. Yana da uku da yakin basasa. Birane da yawa, ciki har da, misali, Lviv, Kiev, Vladimir-Volyn, samu da kansa gwamnati bisa ga da Magdeburg Law.

A cikin shekaru 90 na XIV karni. Jagiello ta dan uwan Vytautas godiya ga ƙawance da mangolawa nasara salama ya shiga dukan sararin ƙasa kudu na sararin Wild Field. Tarihi da Ukrainian iyaka, kafin 1917 juyin juya hali, sun daga baya ya canja kadan. New yankunan sun yarda da tattalin arziki da kuma jama'a na cewa lokaci hankali sami recognizable fasali.

Hetman da Kango

A gaba gagarumin canji, kuma ya kasance mai mulkin Bohdan Khmelnytsky. Wannan yunkuri na 1648-1654. karkashin ya jagoranci ya kai ga zargin wani m Hetman. Shi ba a san kafin shiga tsakani na Cossack Ataman inda da kan iyakoki na Ukraine. Har 1917, jihar ta samu da yawa fiye da muhimmanci events. M da fragmentary bayanai, sau da yawa dangane kawai a kan tsoho, dogon rasa munasaba na dokoki da takardun. A Khmelnytsky Rada soma wani yawan yanke shawara, wanda sakamakon ya zama Russo-Polish War na 1654-1667. Yana da gudummawar ga tayin da yakin basasa a tsakanin daban-daban hetman. Hagu-banki Ukraine so ya zama wani ɓangare na Rasha da kuma Dama Bank nema ya haifar da wani karfi ƙawance da Poland.

Fara da New Rasha

Yanzu da ka san inda shi ne iyakar Ukraine har 1917 a daban-daban na tarihi, saukarwa. A lokacin da Northern War Hetman Mazepa bisa ga abke, gefe da Swedish King Karl XII, wanda aka ci a yakin Poltava. A sakamakon da mulkin kai da kuma yancin Hetman aka iyakance, da kuma gudanar da wani sararin ƙasa da aka gudanar da Little Rasha Collegium. A lokacin bayan rushewar da Rasha Empire ba musamman yankin samu ba.

A hanyar da iyakar da aka kafa a Ukraine kafin 1917 juyin juya hali, ta dogara da kasashen waje da kuma na cikin gida da manufofin. Sunan "New Rasha" da kuma daidai contours na kasar ƙasa samu a cikin marigayi 18th karni.