Kõguna na Arctic Ocean: Arewa Dvina, Pechora, Likitan mata

Duk da waɗansu kõguna na Arctic Ocean suna gudana ta ƙasar Eurasia da kuma Arewacin Amirka. Alal misali, wata babbar American kogin MacKenzie. Wannan talifin zai tattauna wasu daga cikin kõguna na Arctic Ocean a Rasha, daga gare su akwai mafi girma ruwa jijiya na duniya. Bugu da kari, game da sittin da biyar cikin dari na ruwa gudana daga kasar mu nasa ne da tasa na Arctic Ocean. Daga gare su, da most taimako zo daga koguna kamar Pechora, Northern Dvina, Likitan mata, Khatanga, Yenisey, Lena, Kolyma, Indigirka da yawa wasu.

Features na gudãna daga Arctic Ocean

Waɗannan kõguna sunã gudãna daga kusa da teku a fadin filayen da filayen kwarinta. Saboda ƙananan kai na su kwantar da hankula, da kuma a kan hanya babu musamman cikas. Basin na Arctic Ocean ga mai dogon lokaci an rufe da kankara. Catering yafi snow da kuma ruwan sama. A cikin bazara, akwai wani ruwa matakin Yunƙurin na 10-15 mita. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da waɗansu kõguna na Arctic Ocean gudana yafi zuwa arewa da kuma kankara narke nisa da tushe daga baya fiye da a cikin sama. Saboda haka samar da ababen hawa da kuma kankara dams.

Northern Dvina

Northern Dvina River daukawa ruwanta ta hanyar ƙasashen biyu batutuwa na Rasha Federation - Arkhangelsk da Vologda yankuna. The m kogin gudana a cikin White Sea, wanda ya buɗe cikin ruwan da Arctic Ocean. Ta "m" tsawon 0.7 kilomita dubu, tare da Sukhona - .. 1.3 dubu km, kuma idan dauke tare da Vychegda -. Sa'an nan 1.8 dubu km.

River Delta bautar wani babban yanki, ya miƙa a kan ƙasa na wani tsawon 37 da nisa na 45 kilomita. Ga kogi tsãgewar ƙwãyar cikin da yawa tashoshi da hannayen riga (ɗari da hamsin). River ruwa ya kwarara a bakinka ne uku da rabi dubu cubic mita biyu.

Ruwa tsarin mulki na Arewa Dvina

The m irin abinci ne snow. Northern Dvina River aka rufe da kankara hula a lokacin daga marigayi Oktoba zuwa farkon watan Nuwamba, da kuma aka saki daga gare shi, a lokacin da daga farkon watan Afrilu zuwa farkon watan Mayu. Tare da bude daga cikin kogin a cikin bazara ne sau da yawa wuraren da cunkoso, kankara gantali quite hanzari.

Waha Arewa Dvina River ne babbar, shi ne 360 da dubu. ^Km2. Its main aikin gandu ne Arctic Ocean tasa: Pinega, Vychegda, Elitsa, Vaga da sauransu. Akwai fiye da 27 nau'in kifi.

A tarihi muhimmanci

Sha'awa, da Northern Dvina ne navigable kusan duk tare (tsawon navigable waterways da yawa gandu biyar da rabi kilomita dubu). Tun shekarar 1989 a kan kogin aiki na yau da kullum fasinja sabis. Ya zuwa yanzu, a ta ruwa madubi gudanar da mafi tsufa a cikin Rasha jirgin "Nikolay Vasilevich litattafan Gogol", ya sauko daga shipyards baya a 1911.

Northern Dvina River taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tarihi tsari. Alal misali, a lokacin da 1812 yaki events, ta kasance, a cewar masana tarihi yabo, kusan kawai mahada Rasha da Turai. Kuma a lokacin yakin duniya na II a kan kogin da aka gudanar da wani gagarumin rabo na wadata "Ka taimaka-Lease" (soja da fasaha, kayan aiki da kuma kayan kawota daga Turai da kuma Amurka a yaki a cikin Tarayyar Soviet). Haka kuma, masana tarihi wani lokaci ana kiransu kogin "Gateway ga Arctic", saboda kogin a cikin Arctic yankin ya fara fiye da ɗari biyu da bincike expeditions.

Pechora

A kogin gudana ta hanyar biyu batutuwa na Rasha Federation - Nenets cin gashin kanta Okrug da Komi Jamhuriyar. Yana fara a cikin Yammacin Urals uku asalin. A cewar daban-daban kimomi, da tsawon kogin ne daga 1.7 zuwa 1.9 kilomita dubu. By yanayin tafarkinsa, zuwa kashi uku sassa: babba, tsakiya da kuma ƙananan.

Upper, Tsakiyar da kuma Lower Pechora

A Upper Pechora tsawon na 400 kilomita ba populated da kuma kadan karatu. A wannan bangare na kogin yana da jinsin hali na dutsen da aka bayyana a cikin m kwarara, meandering tashar, high stony gaba kunkuntar kogin kwarin rufe coniferous shuke-shuke. Da nisa daga cikin Upper Pechora jeri daga 10 zuwa 120 mita. A kogi ne ba zurfi, kai biyu da rabi mita.

Average Pechora - dogon sashe 1200 kilomita, daga bakin wa baki Volosyanitsy Tsilma. An fara tare da Yashkinsky ginshiƙin gada, da kogin zama navigable. Pechory nisa a tsakiyar rabo daga jeri 0.4 zuwa 4 kilomita. A low ruwa a kogin kafa Shoals cewa impede kewayawa.

Ƙananan ɓangare na kogin lullube fiye da dari hudu kilomita. Up zuwa bakin kogin Shapkina dama gāɓar kogi ne daukaka, da kuma bar - munanan hali. Daga bisani, biyu akwai, bankunan filayen da predominance na tundra ciyayi. Wuski daga kauye fara yankin Neja Delta. Akwai wani babban yawan alluvial, low tsibiran (most - 29). tsibiran tsawon shi ne kilomita 30. A mahaɗar tsakãninsu da lebe 20 ne zuwa kashi a kogin hannayen riga.

m amfani

Pechora bude domin 120-170 kwana, a baje amfani ga shipping zirga-zirga. Akwai 80 aikin gandu. A kwari ne game da 19.500 murabba'in kilomita. Pechora-ɓullo da kama kifi, kifi kama kifi ne da za'ayi, Pike, herring, whitefish, fari kifi da kuma wasu nau'in.

Likitan mata

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da pool na karami teku na Duniya bautarka 65% ko biyu daga uku na Rasha Federation. Rivers game da Arctic Ocean, quite manyan kuma full-gudãna. Amma ba daya daga cikinsu ba za a iya kwatanta ta da Likitan mata. Wannan shi ne mafi girma Siberian kogin. Ta take kaiwa cikin dukan ruwa gudana a Eurasia. Ta jefa su kogin ruwa alaka Arctic Ocean, kamar Tom da Irtysh, Biya, Katun.

A cewar wasu masu bincike, da kogin sunan da aka samu daga kalmar "duka" saboda shi ne kafa ta mahaɗar tsakãninsu biyu quite manyan koguna - Biya da kuma Katun. A tsawon ta daga ci da nawa zuwa 3,65 dubu km, kuma idan kun haɗa da Irtysh -. 5,41 dubu. Km. Wannan kogin da aka dauke su mafi tsawo a Rasha. Yana gudana ga arewa a cikin Kara Sea, kafa The tsawon na Gulf of Likitan mata (tsawon Bay - game da 800 kilomita).

Tattalin arziki da muhimmancin da Likitan mata

A kogin gado wuce ta biyar Rasha yankuna, ciki har da Altai Territory, Tomsk Region, da Novosibirsk Region, da Yamalo-Nenets da Khanty-Mansi cin gashin kanta District. A kogi ne navigable. Regular shipping zirga-zirga a kan shi ya kafa, tun 1844. A 1895, kogin ya wuce kusa da 120 jiragen ruwa.

Likitan mata - shi ne aljanna domin kama kifi masu goyon baya. A nan, a babban adadin saba kifi kamar Pike, Grayling, burbot, irin kifi, rudd, sturgeon, lamprey, sturgeon, da kuma da yawa, mutane da yawa wasu. Akwai game da hamsin da jinsunan, ashirin da biyar daga waxanda suke da batun m kama kifi (perch, IDE, Pike, bano, Dace, bream, crucian irin kifi, roach, perch da sauransu).

Ruwa gwamnatin, aikin gandu

A kogin - ga mafi snow, babban kwarara auku a lokacin bazara ambaliyar ruwa. Likitan mata da aka rufe da kankara hula for 180-220 kwana a shekara. Pool ne game da 2,99 miliyan km ^2, a kan wannan nuna alama River ranked farko a Rasha. M uku wuri ne shagaltar da shi cikin sharuddan ruwa da abun ciki, da kuma kafin shi akwai irin wannan ƙõramu sunã gudãna a cikin Arctic Ocean, a matsayin Yenisei kuma Lena.

A kudancin Likitan mata ne sanannen Novosibirsk tafki ko kamar yadda aka fi kira, da Likitan mata Sea, wanda yake shi ne fi so manufa dubban masu yawon bude ido da kuma yan unguwa. A tashar tsakanin Likitan mata da Yenisei, gina a karni na sha tara marigayi, ba halin yanzu ana amfani da kuma watsi.

Obi yana da 30 babbar aikin gandu da yawa karami su. The most of wadannan ne Irtysh, wanda shi ne tsayin 4250 km, wanda shi ne mafi girma fiye da na da tsawon kogin. Wannan ambaliya kawo wa Likitan mata wani talakawan na dubu uku cubic mita ruwa da na biyu.