Kasar Turkey. Turkey tattalin arzikin kasar. Flag of Turkey - photo

A kudu maso yammacin ɓangare na Asia da ban mamaki kasar. Turkey (hukumance ake kira Jamhuriyar Turkey) da aka kafa a shekarar 1923, bayan rushewar Ottoman Empire. A daular mulkinsu da aka soke da kuma yankin zama al'umma-jihar tare da wani predominance na Turkish kabila.

Mafi yawa daga cikin kasar a cikin tambaya shi ne a cikin Armenian tsaunuka da Anatolian sashin da karami - tsakanin Rum da tekun Black Sea (a cikin Balkans).

kasashe makwabta

A takaice bayyana iyakar Turkiya. Saboda haka, a cikin gabashin jihar dab da Azerbaijan da Armenia, a yamma - a kasar Girka, a kudu - Iran, Iraki da kuma Siriya. Kuma inda suke arewacin kan iyakar Turkiyya? Map da shawara cewa, da suka mika har zuwa tekun Black Sea. A kasar da aka wanke ta uku tekuna: Rum, da Marmara da kuma Aegean.

rundunar sojojin

Turkey sojojin da aka wakilta wani sa na sojoji, wanda manufarsa shi ne don kare 'yanci, yankunan kasa da kuma' yancin kai na kasar. Kamar yadda na 2011 da yawan jama'ar da aka 720 dubu. Mutane. Bugu da kari, jihar na da yawan horar da ajiye na 90 dubu. Pers., Daga wanda 38.000 ne a lokaci na farko da na ajiye.

Turkish sojojin staffed ta hanyar da] aukar tsarin. wajibi soja sabis lokaci na iya Range daga shida zuwa goma sha biyar watanni. Daftarin shekaru - shekara ashirin. Bayan sallame shi daga cikin sojojin, da 'yan ƙasa ne a stock har zuwa shekara arba'in da biyar. A cewar dokar, a lokacin yaki za a iya kira ba kawai ga maza 16-60 shekara, amma a mace 20-46 shekaru.

Aiki management na sojojin ne da za'ayi a karkashin jagorancin Janar Staff sarki, ya nada da shugaban kasar. Ya zama ƙarƙashin shugabanni na ƙasar sojojin, sojan ruwa sojojin, da Gendarmerie da Coast Guard.

A halin da ake ciki tattalin arziki

A halin yanzu, kasar aka mamaye kasuwar Sin. Turkey ta tattalin arzikin da aka kullum ana liberalized: privatized jihar damuwa, wanda ya buɗe sama da sabuwar dama ga kasashen waje masu zuba jari a kasuwannin cikin gida.

A farkon karni, akwai wani tattalin arziki da rikicin a kasar. Masana sun kira shi da heaviest ga dukan zamanin da jihar na ci gaba a cikin yanayi na wani m walwalar. Saboda haka, GDP a gyarawa farashin fadi da 9.5%. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2002, gudanar da mayar da ci gaban tattalin arziki. Alal misali, GNP tashi da 7.1%.

Babban kasar bashi ne bankin duniya da kuma asusun IMF. Turkey ta tattalin arzikin da aka kullum ƙara rura wutar ta bashi. Saboda haka, kawai daga 2000 zuwa 2005, kasar samu 30 dala biliyan.

Ba kasa da ashirin cikin dari na mutanen da rayuwa cikin talauci. A albashi a 2013 amounted zuwa 405 Tarayyar Turai.

A kasar masana'antu

aiki aiki a kan ci gaba da kuma fadada daga cikin yadi, metallurgy, abinci-aiki, sunadarai, aikin injiniya da kuma hakar ma'adinai masana'antu gudanar a Turkiyya.

Mai samar a kasar ba za a dauke ishe gida amfani. Mallakar gwamnati Enterprises, tare da goyon bayan kasashen waje babban birnin kasar sa search engines aiki. A mafi muhimmanci a wannan batun ne yankin na kudu maso gabashin Anatoliya. Saboda gaskiya cewa adibas suna located in m yankunan, da kudin sufuri da kuma samar da ake kullum kara.

A kasar ne mai babbar m na Chrome tama. Bugu da ƙari kuma, samar da ake yi na jan karfe, tungsten, uranium, da kuma manganese ores, Mercury, sulfur, borates, zinariya da azurfa.

Sananne samun saurin bunkasuwar lantarki a masana'antu a Turkiyya. Saboda haka, kasar kafa taro samar na rediyo, talabijin, kuma tarho kayan aiki, kwakwalwa da kuma wasu na'urorin. A manyan wuri tsakanin fitar dashi kayayyakin zauna lantarki thermometers.

A halin da ake ciki siyasa

A halin yanzu, a fagen siyasa na kasar za a iya gani mai haske da kuma mai tsauri aiwatar da gwagwarmaya tsakanin neman mamaye a rinjaye matsayi na jam'iyyun. Dukan su shine su samu dama domin sanin vector na kasashen waje da kuma na cikin gida da manufofin.

Zamani al'umma ne Turkish shagaltar da zurfin akida sake tunani al'adunmu, wanda ya bar Kemal Ataturk - kafa, kuma da farko shugaban kasar. A reins ne a hannun mambobi na jam'iyyar Justice and Development Party (AKP). Su tsaya a kan kariya daga ka'idojin Musulunci da kuma yin gyara ga ciki da kuma kasashen waje da manufofin. Su main hammayarsu ne wadannan jam'iyyun: Republican People (ya furta riko da ka'idodinta Kemal Ataturk) da kuma Nationalist Action Party (a karkashin jagorancin wani Devlet Bahçeli).

Turkiya ta siyasa (duka biyu na ciki da kuma na waje) da ƙara na sha'awar a duniya al'umma. Dalilin shi ne gaskiya cewa jihar samun nauyi a cikin kasa da kasa fagen fama, kuma yana da wani aiki da tattalin arziki matsayi.

Turkish Shugaba

Yanzu kasar tana mulki Dzhumuh Abdullah Gul. Shi ne mai Doctor of bangaren tattalin arziki. Gul ya tabbatar da kansa a matsayin mai nasara jami'in diflomasiyyar kuma siyasa. Ya aikata nagarta sosai, ta haka ne da sauri shiryar da su zuwa wani har abada canza yanayi na zamantakewa da siyasa yanayi. A Agusta 28, 2007 Gul - zaba shugabar kasar Turkiyya. Yanzu kasar ne cikin shirye-shiryen ga sabon zaben da za a gudanar Agusta 10, 2014.

Jihar Alamun

Da sauƙi, ta flag, alama da take, kuma yana da wannan rana kasar. Turkey ne mai ja flag da jinjirin wata, kuma star wanda suke alamomin Musulunci. A tarihin fitowan na flag ba daya fassarar. The kawai indisputable gaskiya ne cewa, kasar gaji alamu na Ottoman Empire, wanda shi ne launi ja. The star na farko ya bayyana a kan wani flag kawai a farkon karni na sha tara. Na farko, shi ya wakilci tare da bakwai ko takwas iyakar. Da kuma yadda Turkish flag kama yanzu? Hotuna suna nuna a ja zane da biyar-nuna star da kuma jinjirin wata. Abin lura shi ne cewa jim kadan kafin rushewar Ottoman Empire, taurari a flag da uku. Modern version aka amince a shekarar 1923. Goma sha uku shekaru daga baya hukuma ta tabbatar da wani rabo na 2: 3.

Turkey gashi na makamai har sai da farkon karni na ashirin da aka wakilta wani kore da'irar da wata a kan wani bango na star. A karkashin karshen yana da wani garkuwa ado da zinariya watã da taurãri, kazalika da lashe sultan headgear - rawani. A garesu na gashi na makamai sun Banners. Daya daga cikinsu - ja (Ottoman daular), da sauran - kore (Islam). Bugu da kari, da gashi na makamai wanda aka nuna kofuna Empire mined a yaki.

Amma ga ba-rana Turkey, da hukuma jihar alama, ta na da ba. Maimakon haka, shi ne mafi sau da yawa amfani da alama - mai ja m tare da vertically shirya fari jinjirin wata, kuma star. Wannan alama ta taimaka da hukuma sunan kasar da aka rubuta a Turkiyya.

Amma ga take taken "Istiklal Marsi" ( "Independence Maris"), shi aka hukumance gane a matsayin kasa a 1921. Kalmomi da aka rubuta da mawãƙi Mehmet Akif Ersoy. Da farko, marubucin music ya Ali Rifat Kagatay. Ya launin waƙa da aka yi amfani da shekaru takwas. music aka canza daga baya. A halin yanzu, wasan kwaikwayon na waƙar yabon Allah Melody Zeki Ungor - shugaba na Presidential Symphony Orchestra.

A symbolism ne warai girmama 'yan ƙasa. An located ba kawai a cikin zaman kansu da kuma hukumomin gwamnati, amma kuma a cikin gidajen jama'a.

dokokin

Za hutu, tabbatar ka yi tambaya, abin da cikin sharuddan da aka hana, da iznin kasaftawa wannan kasa. Turkey - a kasar m, amma dokar ne daya ga duk. Alal misali, kwanan nan dakatar shan taba a wuraren da jama'a da kuma kai (ko da a cikin wani taxi, ba a ma maganar da bas). Domin take hakkin wannan mulki za a ci tarar a cikin adadin sittin da biyu Turkish liras (game da talatin dalar).

Turkiya ta dokokin game da ajiya, kai da kuma yin amfani da kwayoyi ne sosai m. Saboda haka, domin take hakkin da aka hana za a iya isa baya sanduna na tsawon hudu zuwa ashirin da hudu shekaru.

Ba a yarda don fitarwa daga kasar kayayyakin gargajiya. Babban hadari ga talakawa yawon bude ido ne cewa wannan ra'ayi ne quite m. Yadda za a kare kanka? An shawarar ba ya dauki har ma da karami abubuwa da archaeological shafukan da sayan tsarabobi kawai a izini wurare. Sayen wani irin kayayyakin da ya kamata a tare da bayar da takardar shaidar dacewa. Samuwa takarda za bukatar nuna iyakar jami'an idan barin kasar. Babu shaidar shi ne hukuncin har zuwa shekaru goma a gidan yari,, kwata na sauki bai isa ba.

By da laifi a Turkey daidaita cin mutumci ga kasa flag, lalata gida tsabar kudi da kuma reni ga hotunan na kasar ta kafa, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.

Inda duk kuka kasance, ku da ake bukata don kawo photo ganewa. Tsoro ga aminci da takardun da aka quite m, saboda haka, a yarda su gabatar da, misali, ba da fasfo da kuma ta kwafa,.

Kafin daukar hoton gida mutane, kana da samun izinin yin haka. kasar dokokin baya tsara yadda za a dress, amma ya karya dokokin kamata ba za a kafa domin ƙarni. An ba da shawarar bude da kafafu da kuma kafadu.

Hadisai da kwastan

Duk da cewa Rasha da Turkiya da geographically located kusa da juna, tsakanin al'adu na wadannan kasashe zurfin jãhilci. Saboda haka, mafiya yawa cikin gida yawan (ba kasa da tamanin da cent) Muslim. Wannan al'ada ne a zahiri cikakken kowane bangare na rayuwa. Addini ya kira fasali na rayuwar yau da kullum da kuma sadarwa.

Abu na farko da mamaki waje yawon bude ido, yana ja layi a ƙarƙashinsu politeness sadarwa. Turks har yanzu rike gargajiya ra'ayoyi a kan magana da wani irin hali na girmama juna. Lalle za ku ji a cikin adireshin yawa compliments, kuma mafi amsa musu a cikin sama, ba skimp a kan dadi kalmomi.

Turkish bikin aure kwastan gigice baƙi na da ƙawa da solemnity. Shagulgulan Haša biyu ƙauna zukãtansu, lalle zã tare da wani courtship da betrothal. A wannan biki yana for akalla 'yan kwanaki. Wasu tsofaffin al'adun, ta zamani, Turks sun bi har yanzu. Daga cikinsu akwai "The Night na Henna" (amarya ta hannuwa rufe m alamu, ta amfani da Paint henna) da kuma "budurci Belt" (mahaifin amarya danganta a saman bikin aure dress mulufi kintinkiri).

Babu Turkish hutu ba zai yiwu ba su yi tunanin ba tare da rhythmic ƙungiyoyi karkashin kasa karin waƙa. Duk da haka, akwai fiye da dubu biyu da irin raye-raye. Dangane da yankin, su ne daban-daban da kuma kayayyaki, da kuma Choreography da kari.

al'ada

La'akari da bangarori kamar wallafe-wallafe, gine-gine, wasan kwaikwayo, music, internet da kuma cinema.

Tushen Turkish adabi ke mayar da su tsufa. Saboda haka, da farko daidai kwanan rana ayyuka ne halittun Ahmeda Fariha, ya bayyana a cikin goma sha uku karni. Ba mamaki, da Ottoman adabi daban-daban addini hali da kuma riko da bukatun na Musulunci. Da masu bincike lura cewa ta ci gaba a lokacin ƙwarai rinjayi hadisai na Larabci da kuma Persian wallafe-wallafe.

Yana da wani gaske musamman salo na kotu shayari na zamani na Ottoman Empire. Daga cikin halayyar fasali na Turkish haruffa ware jama'a hadisai. Musamman a wannan batun, ka lura da tãtsũniyõyin Nasreddin Hodja da kuma jaruntakar epos (duka baki da kuma a rubuce). Amma ga zamani Turkish adabi, shi tasowa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da yamma.

architecture

A tarihin Turkiyya gine ne zuwa kashi uku lokaci: Seljuk (XII-XIII cc.), Ottoman (XIV-XIX ƙarni.) Kuma zamani. A kan hadisin da na gina gine-gine a lokacin da ya rinjayi gine na Iran, Rum da kuma Misira. A halin yanzu babban fasali na Turkish style ne sauki da kuma aiki. Mafi yawa daga cikin gine-gine gina a cikin style of zamani. Daga cikin wadanda suka kafa na zamani makaranta na gine ware Clemens Holtsmayera Sedat Onat da kuma Hakim Eldema.

wasan kwaikwayo

A cikin karni na sha shida da mazaunan Ottoman Empire koyi abin da wasan kwaikwayo na inuwa. Wannan wasan ya sami babban shahararsa. A kwaikwaiyo da amfani ba kawai tsana da Ƙasa, amma da shimfidar wuri da kuma musamman haske effects. Dukan wadannan hanyoyin ba da damar don ƙirƙirar da mafarki da cewa mataki sarari ne da dabaru. Tun tsakiyar karni na sha tara wasan kwaikwayo tasowa da cikakken tasiri na Yammacin al'adu. The kafa na Turkish wasan kwaikwayo yi imani Ibrahim Şinasi da kuma wasan kwaikwayo - Güllü Agop.

music

Asalin m hadisai da za a samu a cikin farkon tsakiyar zamanai, a lokacin da Seljuk Turks, hijira daga Asiya ta tsakiya, da peopled wannan yanki. Da sauƙi, sabon yankuna na al'ada tafiyar da Armenian da Girkanci. A halayyar alama na m hadisai na wancan lokacin shi ne pentatonic sikelin - musamman pyatistupennaya tazara tsarin. All sauti shi za a iya located a kan net kamfani mai suna Quanta da / ko quarts.

A lokacin da Daular Ottoman shi aka kafa wata sabuwar Genre - da soja orchestral music, tare da da yawa yin yawo da kuma m yaƙin neman zaɓe. Modern music al'adun Turkey ne a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da West. Saboda haka, matasa su ne musamman rare dutse da pop kazalika da jazz. Mutane da yawa Turkish mawaƙa da aka sani a waje da kasar, daga gare su, musamman ware Mustafa Sandal, hannun Yener, Tarkan da Sertab Serdar Ortaç Ernera.

World Wide Web

A baza na Internet ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin al'adu rayuwa a kasar. Saboda haka, yawan kananan garuruwa, kauyuka da kuma outlying larduna da samun ilimi bayanai da kuma nishadi. A da yawa shafukan za ka iya samun ayyukan Turkish marubuta da kuma kasida, jaridu ma suna da wutar lantarki da albarkatun. Yawan Internet masu amfani a kan wannan ƙarnin ya girma ta 10 sau. A halin yanzu, damar da na World Wide Web ne 26,5 miliyan Turks.

duniya cinema

Game da cinematography a zamani Turkey da aka sani tun kafin rushewar Ottoman Empire. Saboda haka, da farko shirin gaskiya fim da aka gabatar da su ga masu sauraro a shekara ta 1914. Its marubucin - Fuat Uzyknay. A takaice fina-finai nuna kusa halakar da abin tunawa, shigar a unguwar waje na Konstantinoful a cikin girmamawa ga San Stefano yarjejeniya. Harbi da farko alama fim ( "The Aure na Himmeta Aga") da aka kammala a 1918.

A halin yanzu, ana iya bayar da hujjar cewa Turkey ya yi nasara ba kawai a cinema amma kuma a cikin talabijin filin. Transmission generated a cikin wannan jiha, ne Popular kuma bayan.

Local abinci

A mafi ban sha'awa da kasa a tambaya? Turkey da ya sãme matafiya m dafuwa hadisai, da kuma duk saboda wannan tsari na dafa a daban-daban sau rinjayi da kuma Turks, Armenia, Helenawa, Larabawa da kuma Italiya.

Mafi shahara gida jita-jita - kababpchis da shish-Kebab (maraƙin a kan wani tofa). Bugu da kari, Turkey ne Popular pizza. An integral bangaren da yawa jita-jita ne da man zaitun. Musamman magani daga unguwa to desserts da sweets. Yawanci, wadannan Goodies suna cike da kwayoyi da kuma 'ya'yan itace. Daga cikin abubuwan sha da farko emit Turkish kofi. Babu kasa mashahuri ne shayi, ruwan inabi kuma brandy (innabi brandy da anisi dandano).

ƙarshe

Turkiyya ƙasa ce mai ban mamaki da tarihin wahala. Yana janyo hankalin miliyoyin matafiya da masu ƙaunar tsoho. Kuma duk godiya ga abubuwan da suka dace da kayan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma abubuwan tarihi.