Knight ta Cross na Iron Cross: description, mataki. Awards na uku Reich

Satumba 1939 1 a ranar da Jamus hari a kan Poland, Chancellor da Fuhrer na Jamus, Adolf Hitler ya zartas da dokar farfado da Iron Cross - wani lambar yabo halitta ko da Sarki Frederick William. Wannan tsari shine kadai juyin mulkin na uku Reich a Prussia da baya daular. A hukuncin da ya gabatar ba kawai da baƙin ƙarfe, amma Knight ta Cross - matakin qarshe na baya daya. Wannan lambar yabo - wani muhimmin alama ce ta Nazi zamanin.

ci gaba

Knight digiri da aka ba wani sabon abu a Jamus, shi da yawa daga cikin Prussian, Bavarian da Baden Order. A mafi kyautar Uku Reich zahiri kama da na al'ada Iron crosses (sai dai cewa shi ne manyan). A daidai wannan girma da domin zai iya bambanta dangane da manufacturer. Knight ta Cross ne kerarre da Junker, Shneynhauera, Kvenzera da Klein. Wasu daga cikin su yi domin size 48-48 mm da sauransu -. 49-50 mm.

Knight ta Cross na Iron Cross aka sanya wannan a matsayin da crosses kasa babbar digiri, amma a lokaci guda da mafi ingancin nazari sãɓã wa jũna a raba sassa (musamman gefe saman). Don sãka (ko kuma wajen da babba katako) ne soldered karamin allura. Yana Threaded zobe tsara don wani 45 mm m tef. Domin yana da halayyar frame, wanda aka yi da azurfa 800-th samfurin.

musamman alheri

Abin mamaki, cewa yawanci ba a zahiri sãka saka da Knight ta Cross, amma kawai wani kwafin, yayin da asali da aka sa a cikin wani wurin natsuwa, Maɗina. Wannan ya yi domin kada su rasa ko lalata relic. Sau da yawa sosai sawa kofe a wani fama halin da ake ciki.

Hannayensu Knight ta Cross na Iron Cross a cikin rectangular akwatin. Tu da shi da aka yi liyi tare da farin siliki, da kuma a waje an rufe tare da baki lederinom. A cikin hali na Premium kashe ba kawai giciye, amma kuma wani m bel. Tunawa Bugu da kari da aka yi a bugu diploma, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin wani embossed fayil. Yawanci, da Knight ta Cross aka mika wa mai abu da kwamandan da ya haši. A al'ada da aka gudanar a wani festive yanayi. A kyautar iya zuwa gaban na dogon lokaci, a kan hanyar wucewa ta hanyar da dama hannuwa a lokaci daya. Jinkiri a bayarwa sun musamman m taron a farkon yakin. Mafi yawa daga dukan cancanta lada jiran matukan jirgi.

"Norms"

Kamar dukan soja umarni na uku Reich, da Cross aka bayar ga wasu nasarori a yaƙi. Alal misali, matukin jirgi na Luftwaffe ya iya samun mafi girma lashe kyautar kawai zira kwallaye 20 da maki (suna bayar da ga harbi saukar maƙiyi jirage). A tsawon lokaci, da tsiri ya girma. Bugu da kari, shi dogara da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na yaki: ga Knight ta Cross a kan Soviet gaban da za a halakar sau biyu more motoci fiye da a m fama a cikin sauran Turai ko Arewacin Afrika.

A Navy da ake bukata a nutse cikin jirãge, jimlar kawar da abin da yake daidai dubu 100 tons. A wannan yanayin, kusan ko da yaushe bayar da shugabannin submarines. Domin da Army 3 Reich halitta zama ƙara Heart ( "Ga ƙarfin hali a fagen yaƙi").

statistics

Domin shekaru da dama da Knight ta Cross aka bayar da 7361 mutane (a cewar wasu kafofin 7365). Daga cikin bayin Allah, ba guda mace, amma akwai 'yan dozin kasashen waje suka yi yaƙi domin kasar, wani na hannun daman Jamus. Ban sha'awa statistics a kan awards sunayen sarauta. Mai samu da Knight ta Cross Captain / Captain-Lieutenant (1523) da kuma Laftanar (1225).

Da farko bayar da babbar Order ya faru a karshen watan farko na yaki arko ta 3 Reich. Satumba 30, ya karbi Knight ta Cross na 13 mutane suka dauki bangare a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland yaƙi ya ƙare nasara. Daga cikin mafi shahararren adadi Cavaliers juya Grossadmiral Erich Raeder, shugaban Jamus Navy. Duk wadannan mutane sun kasance shugabannin, alama ga bambance-bambance a cikin manual. Daga cikin wording na "Ga Jajircewa" shi ne na farko haye coveted Günther Prien (ya umarci submarine U-jirgin ruwan 47). A 1939 akwai kawai 27 Knight Knight ta Cross, kuma mafi crosses aka tsĩrar a shekarar 1944 (2466).

na biyu digiri

A cikin duka, da Knight ta Cross ya biyar digiri na farko daga abin da yake da Knight ta Cross kanta. A 'yan watanni bayan da farkon yakin duniya na II a watan Yuni 1940, da Jamusanci jagorancin yanke shawarar kafa wani ko da more shahararren kyautar, yi nufi ga soja da aka musamman jaruntakar. Saboda haka akwai wani Knight ta Cross na Iron Cross tare da Oak ganye. Wannan lambar yabo da aka kawai da samun wani Gentlemen na farko mataki.

Oak ganye (alama ce fifiko) rubuce kawai sama da gicciye, babu inda akwai wani madauki na tef. Ado ne wata ãyã sanya na azurfa. Ya siffa uku oak leaf - kowa tun na da heraldic adadi. A wasu lokuta, Turai dasu ba na makamai aka nuna tare da acorns, amma a yanayin saukan na Knight ta Cross na 'ya'yan itace da aka watsi.

Knights

A farko Knight ta Cross tare da Oak Ganyen aka bayar Eduarda Ditlya - Laftanar Janar umartarsa da Mountain Corps "Norway. Daya daga karshe mambobin Order da aka dauke su a sojan ruwa jami'in Adalbert von Blanc. Mafi yawansu duk ya ya shahara a karshe mataki na yaki. A shekarar 1944, Blank aka gangarawa 9th Tsaro Division, sa'an nan ya dauki kashi a cikin fitarwa na Jamusawa daga Courland. Bugu da kari, ya goyan bayan da mãsu bãyar da bãya Wehrmacht ƙasa sadarwa. A May 1945, Blank aka interned ta Birtaniya sojojin. Jami'in ya yi sa'a - ya ya iya ci gaba da soja aiki a Jamus. Ya yi aiki har sai 1964, lokacin da ya samu daraja da admiral kuma ritaya.

uku digiri

A cikin fall na 1941 Knight ta Cross lambar yabo samu da zarar kuma riga da uku mataki - da Knight ta Cross tare da Oak ganye da takuba. Wannan doka na da aka kafa da aka sanya hannu a kan Fuhrer, shugaban Koli umurnin da Wehrmacht Vilgelmom Keytelem da Reich ministan cikin gida Wilhelm Frick.

Wani sabon alama ya m zuwa gabata lambar yabo na itacen oak ganye, to wanda ya kara da cewa biyu daga ketare takuba. Order da aka sanya daga high quality-kayan ado na azurfa. A kan ta mayar gefen da aka kafa don tunawa da manufacturer. Saboda gicciyen da aka a haɗe moire kintinkiri na ja da fari furanni. A lokacin da yakin duniya na biyu, da masu da Knight ta Cross tare da Oak ganye da takuba, ya zama 160 mutane, 55 wanda suka bauta wa a Luftwaffe. Daya kawai baƙo ya samu wannan lambar yabo. Su kasance a Japan admiral da Navy Kwamandan Yamamoto Isiroku.

Awards aces

Wing Kwamandan Adolf Galland ya zama na farko daga cikin mariƙin Knight ta Cross tare da Oak ganye da takuba. Ya umarci 51th rundujar soja masu dawaki filayen-hallaka. Da farko, da sabon domin bayar da musamman matukan jirgi. Saboda haka da na uku cavalier zama Walter Oesau. Abin lura shi ne cewa aikin soja ya fara a wani manyan bindigogi rajimanti. Kamar sauran Jamus matukan jirgin yakin duniya na II, Oesau farko ya zama shahararren a Spain, inda ya aka jera a matsayin wani ɓangare daga cikin shahararrun Tuli "Condor". A lokacin da sabon yaƙin neman zaɓe, ya halarci a cikin fadace-fadace na Faransa da kuma a cikin "Battle of Birtaniya". Oesau ba su kasance a kan m gaban, amma ya hallaka mutane da yawa jirgin sama a sararin sama na Netherlands. May 11, 1944 ya aka harbe sauka kusa da Belgium garin St. Vith. A lissafi Oesau 118 maƙiyi jirgin sama da kuma 430 fama manufa.

na hudu mataki

Fourth Degree Knights Cross bayyana tare da na uku da na biyar digiri (da shi shi ne littafin Knight, Cross tare da Oak ganye, takuba da Diamonds). Wannan lambar yabo da aka ba niƙe da kuma sanya ta hannu da mafi kyau Jamus artists. Azurfa 935-Carat a cikin hannãyenku daga gogaggen jewelers, cewa a karshen su aikin qawata Order na girma na 50 kananan Diamonds. Su duka nauyi ya kusan uku carats, da kuma nauyin da duk lamba - 28 grams. Hannun sanya fita kamar giciye, kuma a clip for shi.

Domin yau da kullum da lalacewa aka bai wa kyautar-kawai biyu kofe na wani low-sa kayan. Jamus Knight ta Cross tare da Oak ganye, takuba da Diamonds samu a total na mutane 27 (daga gare su ba 'yan kasashen waje).

Werner Mölders

Cavalier debutant Knight ta Cross na hudu mataki shi ne Werner Mölders - saman soja matukin jirgi a cikin sahu na kanar. Wannan ace ya dan wani malami, wanda ya mutu a lokacin yakin duniya na farko a Faransa, don haka ya zabi wani soja aiki wani foregone ƙarshe tun suna yara. Ilimi Melders samu a Dresden Academy da Demining School Munich.

A 1934, da aiki na nan gaba domin rai mai ɗaukar sanya wani kaifi nuna - ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga Luftwaffe. A farko fama da kwarewa na matukin jirgin ne a cikin sararin sama Spain, inda akwai wani yakin basasa. Saboda haka, ya fara duniya na biyu, riga da ciwon ƙwarai kwarewa. A farko nasara ba dade a cikin zuwan. A cikin watan Satumba 1939, ba da nisa daga Merzig Melders kawo saukar da Faransa jirgin saman soja "Hawk".

Ya karshe sortie al yi a Crimea. Ya fadi a Nuwamba 1941 a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Berlin, inda ya gudanar da jana'izar wani sanannen matukin Ernst Udet Luftwaffe. Melders jirgin sama ya fadi a kasa saboda gaskiyar cewa ajiye lantarki wayoyi. A matukin jirgi ya tashi sama da fiye da 300 sorties, harbe saukar 115 maƙiyi jirgin sama.

biyar digiri

A mafi kyautar a cikin Wehrmacht shi ne littafin Knight, Cross da zinariya oak ganye, takuba da Diamonds. The musamman da suka bambanta da wannan lambar yabo shi ne cewa a lokacin da wanzuwar shi ya samu kawai mutum daya. Sai suka sãmi Hans Rudel - sufurin jiragen sama, Kanar samu lambar yabo a ranar farko ta shekarar 1945. By karshen yaki shi ne mafi girma da cin kwallo matukin jirgi na kai hari da jirgin sama. Figure Rudel aka zaba a matsayin wakili - da mafi kyautar ba zai iya samun shi zuwa wani.

Hans aka haife shi a wani iyali fasto da kuma a cikin matasa shiga cikin Nazi kungiyar. Yaren mutanen Poland yakin da ya gudanar, kamar yadda shugaban bincike da jirgin sama. Sa'an nan matukin jirgin ya tambaye don canja wurin shi zuwa wani yafi hatsari hari da jirgin sama. Biye da wani lokaci na horo. A watan Afrilu 1941, Rudel aka sanya wa wani rundujar soja masu dawaki na nutse kai harin, "Immelman". Matukin jirgin ya yi yaƙi a kan Soviet gaban, ya sa a dama a Birnin Leningrad, ya kuma Moscow yankunan. Total Rudel sanya fiye da 2.5 dubu sorties, halaka game da 500 tankuna, 800 sulke motocin, nutse da dama, daga jirgi da amphibious jirgin ruwa na soja "Marat". Bayan da yaki, da nuna jin Nazi, koma Latin America, inda ya ke tuna a matsayin wani aiki fansa-matambaya.