Mulkin Vladimir Monomakh. Sakamakon mulkin Vladimir Monomakh

Halin Vladimir Monomakh ya sauka a 1112-1125. Ya zauna a Kiev yarima, yana da shekaru 60, mai ilimi da hikima. Zai yiwu, sabili da haka, shekarun mulkinsa ana ganin su ne mafi kyawun jihar tsohuwar Rasha.

Daya daga cikin Rurik

Jikan Yaroslava Mudrogo, da aka fi so dan Great Kiev Prince Vsevolod da Byzantine Princess Anna (ya na Konstantinoful sarki Constantine Monomakh) da aka haife shi a 1053. Bayan ya yi girma ya kasance goyon bayan mahaifinsa a komai. Na halitta, Vsevolod sanya kursiyin Kiev a gare shi. Amma da rashin amincewa da rikice-rikice, Vladimir ya bar Grand Duchy don goyon bayan dan uwansa Svyatopolk II Izyaslavich, tun lokacin da mahaifin Monomakh Vsevolod ya karbi kursiyin Kiev bayan fitarwa daga ɗan'uwansa Izyaslav. Kievans ba su son Svyatopolk da abokansa, musamman don abokantakarsa tare da Polovtsians da kuma cewa tare da shi karɓata ya kai ga ƙarancin rashin daidaituwa.

Mai hikima da sanannen

Nan da nan bayan rasuwar Yarima Kiev, an aika da gayyatar zuwa ga Grand Duchy, amma bai shiga babban birnin ba, saboda bai yarda ya maye gurbin kursiyin ba, tun da ya yi imanin cewa Oleg Seversky ne, ko David Chernigovsky, ko Yaroslav Muromsky - dukkansu 'Ya'yan Svyatoslav. Yawanci ya yi amfani da shi daga Kievites, yana fama da mummunan zalunci da Yahudawa suka yi musu, kuma tashin hankali ya tashi a birni, tare da pogroms. Har ila yau an aika manzo zuwa Monomakh. Wannan lokaci bai jinkirta ba. A cikin Vladimir (sunansa na coci Vasily) da gaban kursiyin Kiev, akwai daukakar mai zaman lafiya, mai nasara na Polovtsians (ya ƙulla yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya 19 tare da su) da kuma unifier ƙasashen Rasha ('ya'yansa mazauna a manyan biranen - Novgorod, Smolensk da Rostov, da kuma Rostislav An sanya shi a cikin Pereyaslavl).

Farawa mai ban mamaki

Halin Vladimir Monomakh a kowane gari - Smolensk 1073-1078, Chernigov 1078-1094, Pereyaslavl 1094-1113 - ya kasance mai hikima da nasara. Kiev tawaye sun bukaci Vladimir kawai ya yi mulkin, a lokacin da aka kawo tashin hankali a can. Amma Monomakh yayi la'akari da dalilansa, don kaucewa tashin hankali a nan gaba, kuma ya rage yawan kuɗin da aka yi (ba fiye da 20% a kowace shekara) ba, don haka ya taimaka wa rayuwar ɗalibai. "Yarjejeniyar Rez" aka karbe shi bayan wani yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci tare da wakilan wakilai. Bayan sun gudanar da bayanin cewa riba ta haifar da cutar ba kawai Rus ba, amma har ma da shi, an yanke shawara ne don fitar da dukan Yahudawa masu sayarwa a waje. An amince da cewa duk dukiyar da aka samu na "'yan kasuwa" za ta iya ɗauka tare da su, amma kada su koma Rasha. A al'ada, yawancin Yahudawa sun karbi Orthodoxy.

Misalin na biyu na Vladimir Krasna Solnyshka

Shekaru na zamanin Yarima Vladimir Monomakh ya zama karshe na Kievan Rus. Wani jagoran soja mai nasara, dan siyasa mai kyau, wani malamin ilimi da marubuci mai basira wanda ya bar wallafe-wallafen yana aiki a bayansa, ya ba da Rus tare da shekarun zaman lafiya - An kori Pechenegs, 'yan Polovtsians sun ji tsoron kayar da ƙasashen Rasha, saboda a yakin da suka yi musu shine sarki ya dogara da' yan bindigar mutane, ba a kan Mercenaries. Ya kasance mai shahararrun mutane, siffofinsa sun haɓaka hoton Vladimir Krasny Solnyshka na Farko (wanda shine kakansa Vladimir, mai baftisma na Rus). Maganun Ilya Muromets sun fada a kan mulkin Vladimir Monomakh

Babban manufofin manufofin kasashen waje

A kasashen waje da manufofin na Grand Duke kai da ganiya lokacin da dan marigayin na Byzantine Sarkin sarakuna Alexios I Yahaya II, wanda forestalled manyan sojojin Rasha tafiya a kan Konstantinoful. Da yake neman zaman lafiya tare da Kievan Rus, sai Helenawa sun yi nasara a kan babbar nasara - An baiwa Monomakh lakabi na sarki, wanda yake da mahimmanci daidai da Baselus na Byzantium. An gabatar da shi da tufafin sarauta, sandan sarauta, iko da kambi, shahararren sanannen "launi na Monomakh". Ƙungiyar ta kafa ta hanyar auren aure - dan John, magajin Alexei, ya auri 'yar jikokin kiev. Saboda haka, mulkin Vladimir Monomakh ya kasance alama ta hanyar kafa wata ƙaƙƙarfar dangantaka da Byzantium.

M manufofin

Gaskiya ne, wani shiri na gargadi zuwa Konstantinoful ya ba da izinin kama a kan hanyar Danube, amma Monomakh zai iya yin watsi da wani abu don kare zaman lafiya. Saboda haka, waɗannan ƙasashe sun kasance a Byzantium. Bayan gwagwarmaya tare da Minsk Prince Gleb da kuma zamansa, waɗannan ƙasashe sun zama abokantaka ga Kiev, inda aka san ikonsa mafi girma. Babu shakka alamu sun hada da gaskiyar cewa lokacin zamanin Vladimir Monomakh kashi uku cikin kashi na dukan ƙasashen Rasha sun kasance a hannunsa. Tare da dukan maƙwabta, inda aka ba da kwangila, da kuma inda - sojojin, an kammala duniya. Saboda haka, an yi tawaye a Volhynia, inda dan Svyatopolk, surukin Vladimir, Yaroslav, ya yi sarauta. Ya juya yakinsa a wani wuri mai ban tsoro ga Kiev. A nan ya gudu biyu Yahudawa usurers, da dukan madawwami makiyan Rasha. Wata babbar rundunar Czech, Hungarians, Poles suka tafi Kiev. Mstislav Vladimirovich ya tafi ya hadu da shi. Yaroslav kansa ya rigaya ya kashe 'yan Rasha a lokacin yakin Volhynia. Don ba da taimakon ga marigayin ya kasance mai ban mamaki, sojojin abokan gaba sun koma baya.

Girman ikon Rasha

Babu Volga Bulgars wanda sojojin Rundunar Rasha suka mamaye jirgi, ko mazaunan Baltic States da Finland, wadanda ke ba da haraji akai-akai, ba su tayar da ƙasashen Rasha a zamanin Vladimir Monomakh ba. Duk wannan ya ba da dama don inganta jihar. An gina majami'u, cinikin da aka kumbura, tsabar kudi an yi wa minti, littattafai sun fassara daga harshen Byzantine, makarantu sun fara buɗewa, inda aka ba da yara daga cikin mafi kyawun iyalan. Da yake kasancewa malamin ilimi da marubuta, Vladimir ya bar zuriyarsa tare da ayyukansa - "Umarni" da "Walking". Bugu da ƙari, Nestor, masanin Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, ya halicci "Tale of Bygone Years" (1117). Kwamitin Vladimir Monomakh a Kiev ya juya birni zuwa babbar cibiyar kasuwanci da al'adu. Ya bar tunawa da kansa a cikin ƙarni da kuma misali na shugabanci na jihar, wanda ya sa kasar ta arzuta. An yi magana da shi ba kawai a cikin "Tale of Bygone Years" da aka rubuta a lokacin mulkinsa, amma a cikin littafin Ipatiev kuma a cikin "Rashin Ruwan Ƙasar Rum." Kuma bayan mutuwarsa, wasu daga cikin zuriyarsa sunyi daular da mulki ta "kogin Monomakh".

An fara mulkin Vladimir Monomakh a ranar 20 ga Afrilu, 1113, kuma ya ƙare ranar 19 ga Mayu, 1125, ranar mutuwarsa. Ana ci gaba da yin aure a karkashin Vladimir Monomakh. Ya cinye dukan 'ya'yansa masu yawa da kusan dukkanin mutanen Turai. Ma'auratan sun kasance tare da 'ya'yan khans.

Sakamako na Hukumar

Ƙarfin iko, wanda aka ƙidaya maƙwabta, Vladimir Monomakh ya bar shi, ana iya taƙaita sakamakon mulkinsa kamar haka. Babbar nasara ita ce kawar da hare-haren da 'yan Polovtsians ke yiwa wadanda suka rushe kasar. Hukumomin Rasha sun cigaba da karuwa sosai bayan nasara a kansu. Ya ci gaba da cigaba da aka inganta ta hanyar daidaitaccen manufofin kasashen waje da kuma auren dynastic. Monomakh ya karfafa karfin ikon karfin iko, kuma ta haka ne ya gudanar da cikakken iko a kan dukkan biranen da hanyoyin kasuwanci na Rasha. Dangane da katsewar rikice-rikice da tashin hankali na zaman lafiya, dukkanin tattalin arziki da wallafe-wallafe da fasaha sun fara girma, kuma ikon kasar, da na soja da kuma tattalin arziki, ya karu sosai.