Kayan aikin injiniya

Kayan aikin injiniya shine haɗuwa da hanyoyin, dabaru da fasaha don rarraba kwayoyin daga kwayoyin halitta ko kwayoyin halitta, samar da RNA da DNA recombinant, yin jigilar kwayoyi tare da kwayoyin halitta, da kuma gabatar da su cikin wasu kwayoyin. Wannan horo yana taimakawa ga siffofin da ake so a jikin kwayoyin da ba'a iya aiki.

Kimiyya a cikin mahimmanci na aikin injiniya ba kwayar halitta ba ce, amma an dauke shi kayan aikin fasaha. Yana shafi nazarin kimiyyar kamar halittar jini, kwayoyin ilmin halitta, cell Biology, ilimin.

Hanyar da aka kirkiro na aikin injiniya, wanda aka hade da kula da ladabi, ya kasance daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a cigaban kimiyya.

Masana kimiyya, masu ilimin kwayoyin halitta, masu nazarin halittu sun koyi canzawa, canza kwayoyin halitta kuma haifar da sababbin sababbin abubuwa, hada hada kwayoyin daga kwayoyin daban daban. Sun kuma koyi da kuma hada kayan cikin daidai da tsarin da aka tsara. Masana kimiyyar artificial sun fara gabatarwa cikin kwayoyin halitta, tilasta musu aiki. Kayan aikin injiniya ya dogara akan duk wannan aikin.

Duk da haka, akwai wasu iyakokin "abubuwa na halitta". Wannan matsalar, masana kimiyya suna kokarin warware matsalar tare da taimakon nama al'ada da kuma shuka Kwayoyin. Masana sun lura cewa wannan hanya tana da alamar gaske. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, masana kimiyya sun ɓullo da hanyoyin da wanda wasu Kwayoyin da shuka ko dabba nama za a iya sanya su girma da kuma haihuwa da kansa, ware daga jiki.

Ayyukan gine-ginen injiniya sune mahimmanci. Ana amfani da al'adun salula cikin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma a cikin masana'antu na wasu abubuwa waɗanda ba za a iya samun su ta amfani da al'adun kwayan ba. Duk da haka, a wannan yanki akwai matsaloli. Alal misali, matsalar shi ne rashin ikon a dabba Kwayoyin raba guda iyaka yawan sau, a matsayin kwayan Kwayoyin.

A cikin gwaje-gwaje, an yi abubuwan da suka samo asali. Don haka, a karo na farko, an samu "tsabtaccen tsabtace jiki", an samu gwargwadon rashi. Daga bisani, masana kimiyya sun gano magungunan enzymes da ƙuntatawa enzymes. Tare da taimakon wannan karshen ya zama mai yiwuwa a yanke ginin a cikin guda - nucleotides. Kuma tare da taimakon ligases, zaka iya haɗawa, "manne" wadannan sassa, amma a sabon hade, ƙirƙirar, gina wani nau'i.

Masana kimiyya sun ci gaba da cigaba a cikin hanyar "karatun" bayanai. Shekaru da yawa, fassarar bayanai da aka sanya a cikin kwayoyin halitta sunyi nazari da W. Gilbert da F. Senger, Amurka da Ingilishi.

Masana sun lura cewa aikin injiniya na tsawon rayuwarsa ba ta da tasiri ga masu bincike kansu, basu cutar da mutumin ba kuma bai haddasa lalacewa ba. Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa sakamakon ya samu duka a yayin nazarin aikin da ake gudanarwa wanda ke tabbatar da muhimmancin ayyukan kwayoyin halitta, kuma a cikin masana'antu masu amfani suna da ban sha'awa. A lokaci guda, abubuwan da suke da tabbas suna da ban mamaki.

Kodayake muhimmancin kwayoyin halitta da aikin injiniya a cikin aikin noma da magani, ba a cimma nasara ba.

Kafin masana kimiyya akwai ayyuka da yawa. Wajibi ne don ƙayyade ba kawai ayyukan da manufar kowace jinsi ba, amma har da yanayin da aka kunna ta aukuwa, a wace lokaci na rayuwa, a wace irin abubuwan ne, wanda ɓangarori na kwayoyin ya haɗa da kuma haifar da kira na gina jiki daidai. Bugu da ƙari, yana da muhimmanci a gano ainihin wannan furotin a cikin rayuwar kwayar halitta, wane nau'in halayen da ya haifar, ko ya wuce bayanan salula wanda bayanin ke ɗaukar. Matsalar wallafa sunadarai abu ne mai wuya. Maganin wadannan da sauran ayyuka masu yawa ana gudanar da su ta hanyar masana kimiyya a tsarin tsarin aikin injiniya.