Ginin salula da kuma rawar da yake cikin rayuwar kwayar halitta

Ginin ganuwar kwayar halitta mai tsabta ne mai tsantsa a jikin membrane cytoplasmic. Wannan nau'ikan yana da mahimmanci ga kwayoyin kwayoyin, fungi da tsire-tsire. Bugu da ƙari ga kare kwayoyin, harsashi mai tsabta yana aiki da dama wasu ayyuka masu mahimmanci.

Rufin shinge: bayani na gaba

Ginin ganuwar kowane kwayar halitta yana da nau'o'in halaye. Alal misali, a cikin kwayoyin cuta ya ƙunshi yafi na murein. A hanyar, kwayoyin cuta sun kasu kashi biyu - gram-tabbatacce da kuma gram-korau - daidai saboda siffofin tsarin harsashi mai tsabta. Wannan yana ƙayyade hankalin su ga maganin rigakafi.

Idan mukayi magana game da ganuwar cell na fungi, to, manyan kayan su ne chitin da glucans. Amma ɗakunan algae zasu iya kunshi daban-daban polysaccharides - musamman glucose da mahadi. By hanyar, da abun da ke ciki na tantanin halitta membrane na algae ne mai matukar muhimmanci taxon. Yana da daraja ambaton, kuma game da wani rukuni na diatoms, wadanda wakilansu haduwa nasu garun silica.

Bakin salula na shuke-shuke da ayyuka

Principles of m tsarin da cell membrane ne mafi dace don nazarin misali na mai shuka cell. Ko da yake inji kariya - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci cell bango ayyuka, yana mai nisa mafi girma muhimmanci:

• Yana samar da magungunan inji da kuma jigilar kwayoyin halitta;
• Tsayar da rushewar cell a cikin yanayi na hypotonic;
• Har ila yau, shingen tantanin halitta shi ne mai musayar ion, tun lokacin da ake amfani da ion kuma a saki ta hanyar ta;
• Ya dauki bangare a cikin safarar kwayoyin halitta.

Tsarin shingen tantanin halitta

A cikin gandun daji, yana da mahimmanci don rarrabe manyan abubuwa uku: tsarin, matrix da abubuwa masu tayar da hankali.

Ginin murfin na shuka ya ƙunshi cellulose. Saboda samuwar na hydrogen shaidu, cellulose kwayoyin samar da wata karfi microfibrils wanda ake nutsarwa cikin muhimman abu, ko matrix.

Nauyin tantanin ganuwar tantanin halitta shine kimanin kashi 60 cikin 100 na duka taro. Ya cika sararin samaniya tsakanin microfibrils, kuma ya haifar da karfi mai karfi tsakanin macromolecules, yana tabbatar da ƙura da ƙarfin wannan salon salula. Babban kayan aikin matrix ne hemicellulose da pectin.

• Hemicellulose shi ne polysaccharide, kama da tsari ga cellulose, amma tare da sarƙaƙƙiƙi da sarƙaƙƙiƙi na sutura.
• Pectin koma zuwa polysaccharides, amma abun da ke ciki kuma ya hada da saurã daga methyl barasa. Dangane da samuwar sinadaran sinadarai tare da allura da magnesium, pectin yana cikin rabuwa na tsakiya - wurare inda aka haɗa su guda biyu a ciki. A hanyar, mai yawa pectin yana cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Abubuwan da ke dauke da kwayoyi sun kasance a cikin mafi yawan lokuta lignin, wanda shine kimanin kashi 30 cikin 100 na busassun murfin tantanin halitta.

• Lignin za'a iya ajiye shi azaman ci gaba mai laushi, kuma a cikin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban - ƙira, tarko ko zobba. Wannan nau'in abu ne kamar ciminti - yana ɗaure allunan cellulose tare. Saboda ladaftawa, tantanin tantanin tantanin halitta ya zama mafi tsayayya kuma kasa da ƙari. A hanyar, lignin yana da alhakin lignification na shuke-shuke.

Sau da yawa, irin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta kamar kutin, suberin da kakin zuma suna ajiya a kan farfajiya na jikin kwayar halitta.

An saka sashin layi a gefen sashin jikin kwayar halitta, samar da tsari na culling. Irin wannan tantanin halitta ya zama abin ƙyama ga laima, saboda haka abun cikinsa ya ƙare, kuma sararin samaniya ya cika da iska.

Babban aiki na abubuwa masu kakin zuma da cuticles shine kare kwayoyin daga kamuwa da cuta, da kuma rage matakin evaporation na ruwa.

Zamu iya cewa bangon tantanin halitta abu ne mai mahimmanci na tantanin halitta, wanda ya tabbatar da al'ada ta al'ada.