Tsarin maganin anthropic: ikonsa

Wannan mawuyacin fahimtar ka'idar da aka tsara, da farko, a matsayin hujja game da bayanin wasu dangantaka mai mahimmanci tsakanin abubuwan da ke faruwa a duniya, ciki har da bayanin ainihin asalinta da ci gabanta. Harshen farko don bayaninsa shi ne tabbatar da cewa duniya tana wakiltar mu daidai kamar yadda muka gani, saboda mun fito a ciki kuma mun kasance a matsayin mai kallo. Daga ra'ayi na kimiyya na halitta, an kira ka'idodin anthropic don bayyana abin da dangantakar dake tsakanin matakan sifofin jiki da sunadarai dole ne su inganta fitowar ta rayuwa mai hankali.

An fara amfani da kalmar "ka'idodin ka'idar" a 1973 da masanin kimiyya na Birtaniya B. Carter. Duk da haka, bayan da aka wallafa shi, masana kimiyya da yawa sun lura cewa an tsara irin wannan ra'ayi a wasu wasu fassarori a baya. Musamman ma, an sanar da shi a farkon shekara ta 1955 a cikin Rundunar ta USSR a wani taro na kimiyya a kan samfurin astronomy. Daga cikin masana kimiyyar da suka gabatar da wannan ra'ayin sune masana kimiyyar Soviet G. M. Idlis, A. L. Zelmanov, dan Amurka R. Dicke.

Amma aiki ne na Carter wanda ya zama babban abin da ya kamata kuma ya fara fahimtar fahimtar kimiyya game da wannan ka'ida da kuma rawar da yake takawa a cikin binciken. A lokaci guda, al'ummar kimiyya ba su sami ra'ayi ɗaya ba game da yiwuwar amfani da ra'ayin a kimiyya mai amfani. Sai kawai a shekarar 1988 akwai taro a Venice, inda a karo na farko babban batun da aka yi la'akari shi ne ka'idodin anthropic, kuma wanda ya ja hankalin mutane da yawa masu sha'awar - daga masana kimiyya ga masana falsafar addini. Bayan haka, wannan batun shine batun tattaunawa a yawancin matakai na kimiyya, da kuma wata hanya, har ma a tarurruka game da batuttukan kimiyya masu zurfi, tattaunawar ta shafi shafi na abin da ka'idar anthropic ta tabbatar. Yau, ana amfani da aikace-aikacen zuwa matsala masu yawa - daga tauhidin zuwa ka'idojin samfurori.

B. Carter a cikin shahararriyar labarin ya ƙayyade hanyoyi biyu don bayyana ka'idar - karfi da rauni. Wani bambanci mai rauni yana nuna cewa a duniya akwai wasu dabi'u masu tsada wanda mutum zai iya tsinkaya ne kawai domin yana nan a can. Kuma akasin haka: akwai bambanci daban-daban na rikice-rikice na duniya waɗanda suka bambanta da sababbin mutane, inda babu mai lura (mutum) a wannan lokacin. An fahimci tunanin yau da kullum game da wannan ka'idar a cikin wani abu ta hanyar maganganu na yau da kullum: "Yana da kyau inda muke ba."

Daga fahimtar wani karfi daga bayyanarwar ka'idar, ya zama dole a tabbatar da cewa duniya tana iya samun sigogi wanda zai ba da hankali ga tunani.

Dokar J. Wheeler ta kirkiro ka'idoji mai zurfi a cikin karfi mai karfi, yana jayayya cewa "masu kallo suna da muhimmanci don sayen duniya."

Bambanci tsakanin karfi da karfi zaɓuɓɓukan shine cewa karfi yana nuna duniya a kowane mataki na wanzuwarsa, kuma yana raunana ne kawai a kan waɗanda za'a iya tunanin tunani kawai.

Amfani da maganganun anthropic yana kunshe ne da zaton cewa gaskiyar da muka yi da dokoki da muke kiyayewa ba na musamman ba ne, sabili da haka akwai yiwuwar wanzuwar hakikanin gaskiya tare da wasu dokoki. A wani lokaci, ka'idar anthropism a cikin wannan fassarar ta bayyana a lokacin da aka gano yanayin da ba Euclidean ba, inda dokokin gargajiya ba su aiki ba. Hakanan za'a iya ɗaukar bayyanar anthropism a cikin yanayin da Einstein ya bayyana: dogara ga gudummawar lokaci a kan gudu.

Kwararrun wadanda sukayi nazarin bambance-bambancen rayuwa na rayuwa a cikin lokaci da sarari na sauran Jami'o'in, sun zo ga irin wannan sakamako:

- a cikin sauyawa canje-canje da ke faruwa a sararin samaniya, sassanta suna canzawa kullum, sabili da haka za'a iya haɗuwa da wadannan sigogi wanda yanayin bayyanar rayuwa ya zama abin ƙyama;

- wannan zai iya faruwa a cikin tsarin sararin samaniya, a wa annan wurare inda dukiyarsa za ta ƙara a cikin rabo mai kyau;

- Mutum ba zai iya ƙaryatãwa game da wanzuwar "bambance-bambance" a kan dalilin cewa ba mu kiyaye shi ba.

Saboda haka, wani yunkurin da aka yi ta hanyar yin amfani da anthropic manufa fadada filin ilimin kimiyya, kawo shi bayan data kasance dokoki na dabi'a da kuma saba methodologies don su bayani.