Jihar Halitta Reserve "Nenetsky": ƙasa, dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke

Shi ne halitta ajiye "Nenetsky" a kan sashin Rasha volvulus a Barents Sea. Mu kiyaye su cif kawai a nan a Turai lebur Arctic da subarctic tundra, inda dusar ƙanƙara cover yana 231 days a shekara.

Shi ne mazauninsu na rare dabbobi da tsuntsaye (yellow-billed Loon, bowhead Whale, da dai sauransu), ina tsire-tsire girma, da yawa daga abin da suke kunshe a cikin Red Littãfi. Reserve saboda da karkara na da karkararta tun daga cikin manyan masana'antu da kamfanonin ne daidaitattun da ruwan tekun Atlantika kyau na arewacin tundra.

A cikin tarihi na samu

Da bukatar kafa irin wannan ajiye a cikin Nenets cin gashin kanta District of Rasha aka lalacewa ta hanyar dalilai da dama: ƙãra anthropogenic tasiri na yanki bincike kamfanonin tasowa man fetur da kuma iskar gas filayen. girma overgrazing na cikin gida da reindeer. samu daga ƙasar a sakamakon samar.

Duk wadannan abubuwan sun haifar da babban canje-canje a cikin halitta kunsa - halakar da cikakken halakar gona da kuma ciyayi cover, ƙarfafa korau kuma maras so geomorphological matakai, sake fasalin kudin da akan rage reindeer makiyaya, rushewa daga hydrological gwamnatin kan sararin yankunan. A wannan batun, a cikin watan Disamba 1997, kawai a lokacin da ajiye, ya shirya da Resolution na Rasha gwamnatin. Ya daga baya ya zama da aka sani da "National Nature Reserve" Nenets "."

Kuma ajiye "Nenets" a 2010 aka haɗe da shi.

wuri

Ajiye wa ajiye "Nenetsky" ƙasa ne Turai misali arewacin Rasha. Yana da cikakken gana da kwallaye da kuma manufofin muhalli abu.

Dukan yankin da aka located a cikin Arctic Circle, kuma an wanke ta ruwanta da Barents Sea kogwanni. Tanada babban yankin dake arewa maso gabashin kasar ɓangare na Malaya Zemlya tundra bautar da sashin Rasha volvulus, tazarar kilomita 20 tsiri na ƙasar a cikin fadin tare da bakin tekun Zakharyin, kashi na yankin Neja Delta (bakinka) p. Kuma Pechora River Delta. Gabas Neruta. Har ila yau, a yankin, ya hada da tsibirin na Green, Lovetskiy, Kashin, Green Mura kuma wani ɓangare na Barents Sea (kudu-maso-gabas) da sauransu.

The ruwa yanki ne fiye da rabin yankin na ajiye ta ƙasa. Wannan Korovinskaya da Bolvansky lebe ruwa tare baki Zakharyin (fadin 10 km), dukan ruwa area (km 2) inversion Larabawa Rasha, da dai sauransu Nenetskii ajiye ne zuwa kashi 4 sassan :. Ostrovnoy Bolvansky, Delta p. Pechora da Zakhar'in Beach.

Halaye na kai, a kan abin da za ka iya samun su da ajiye a kan Naryan-Mar (100 km): snowmobiles (a cikin hunturu), jiragen (a lokacin rani).

Game da sauyin yanayi

A sauyin yanayi ne subarctic marine ajiye. A cikin hunturu, da iska zazzabi saukad da zuwa -46 ⁰ C. The talakawan shekara-shekara mawadãta daga talakawan wata-wata zafin jiki ne game da 29 ⁰ C a Fabrairu - watan daskarewa, kuma warmest ne Yuli.

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, da dusar ƙanƙara cover an riƙe a nan domin mafi yawan kakar, yayin da arewacin ajiye an rufe tare da snow up to 40 santimita m a kan talakawan. Yawan kwanaki da blizzards ne kamar 112. A cikin coldest lokaci na shekara a cikin wannan yankin da aka mamaye da iska kudu-yamma kudu da, to warmer - iskõki na arewacin maki na kamfas.

Relief Nenets ajiye

The ajiye ƙasa ne lebur ƙasa. Kusan duk fāɗin duniya kara kwaruruka karfi swamped da yawa tashoshi da tabkuna na daban-daban masu girma dabam. Dausayi iri: hummock-m, kunya-m, kananan-hummocky.

Marine baranda za a iya gano su cikin yankin arewacin ƙasar, kazalika da nisa zuwa kudu yankin matakin ya karu da dan kadan. Baranda Nenets ajiye da wani lebur surface, tare da swampy hollows da kananan tabkuna.

Flora

A tsirin Nenets Reserve nuna hankula da kuma Arctic tundra mamaye gansakuka da lichen al'ummomi.

A jinsin abun da ke ciki ne zuwa kashi da wadannan iri ciyayi al'ummomi: shrubs (Willow, Dwarf Birch da Labrador shayi), shrub, lichen da gansakuka tundra, Marshes, Willow da melkotravnye grasslands (ciyawa da ganye).

Jijiyoyin bugun gini shuke-shuke na ajiye yana da 339 jinsunan da subspecies (jinsin su 56 iyalansu). A arziki Flora aka lura a cikin ƙananan kai na cikin kogin yankin Neja Delta. Pechora. Samu a nan fiye da 200 jinsunan. The Red Littafi jera 32 jinsunan jijiyoyin bugun gini shuke-shuke duk girma a ajiye: poppy Ugra, Rhodiola Rosea, Pinguicula alpina, Dryas octopetala, tetrahedral Cassiopeia da yawa wasu.

fauna

Kullum a cikin Nenets ajiye shi ne gida da dabbobi: fox, fari fox, ermine, Elk, Likitan mata da kuma Arctic lemming, wolverine, zomo. Yana iya sau da yawa a iya samu a kan sashin Rasha inversion da Barents Sea tsibirin (kudu-gabashin ɓangare na) na iyakacin duniya bear.

The kare ruwayen ake sanaki marine dabbobi masu shayarwa - pinnipeds da cetaceans. Rare ne m da garaya like, baleen Whales, da kuma da yawa - da dabbar walrus, beluga Whale, suka buga hatimi, teku hare.

Inda kuma za ku iya ganin irin wannan salo da dabbobi da suke a cikin Nenets Reserve? Ya zama abin dogara mazauninsu na halittu masu rai kamar yadda na Atlantic dabbar walrus, babbar bowhead Whale, tundra swan, yellow-billed Loon, da sauransu.

The ajiye hijirarsa hanya (Gabas Atlantic), da yawa jinsunan tsuntsaye. A Reserve ta ƙasa - mai muhimmanci mayar da hankali na haifuwa na alƙaryu tsuntsãye (waterfowl). A lokacin bazara, akwai su mafi girma jinsunan bambancin saboda lamellirostral (black scoter, fari-fronted Goose, wake Goose, Eider, da dai sauransu) Kuma waders. Herring Gulls gida a kan floodplain yankunan, da kuma manyan mazauna na Arctic tern - a kan m spits. Owls, ptarmigan, peregrine shaho, da fari-tailed mikiya, m kananan kafafu ungulu, Merlin, Merlin, da dai sauransu Har ila yau, rayuwa a nan.

A alama ce kimiyya da kuma tsaro aiki Nenets Reserve yau ne da wadannan waterfowl: nau'i biyu daga kananan arewacin geese (barnacle Goose da kuma karami da fari) da kuma tundra (aka kananan) Swan.

Daga cikin kifi na asali muhimmancin a wadannan wurare ne a hadaddun na whitefish: peled, whitefish, whitefish, cisco da whitefish. Har ila yau, ta hanyar wani rabo daga teku kõgon (kudu-maso-gabas) da hanyar gudanar da kifi hijirarsa.

balaguro din

A ajiye ta zuwa ga baƙi suna miƙa wani m yawon shakatawa shirye-shirye: saka idanu na gwada rare jinsunan tsuntsaye (ornithology mai son), wani matsananci irin hunturu hutu a cikin dusar ƙanƙara kuma a lokacin rani a tsakiyan da wasan kwaikwayo shimfidar. Ga ka iya kuma dauki bangare a cikin muhalli yawon shakatawa.

A cikin tsibiran na Arctic Reserve "Nenets" shi ne samuwa da yawan tarihi da kuma al'adu Monuments hade da ci gaban da al'adu na Nenets mutane (Wuri Mai Tsarki da dama halayen hadaya - gumãka, tsarin kwanyarsu na iyakacin duniya beyar, deer ƙahonin, ƙashi na hadaya, da dai sauransu).

Tun daga shekarar 2000, biyu tashoshin da filin ajiye motoci da kuri'a da ake shirya a ajiye domin yawon bude ido.

A karshe, daya ban sha'awa Gaskiyar

Sai dai itace cewa ya yi hukunci a jihar da muhalli halin da ake ciki a cikin Arctic ne mai sauqi - kawai kula da rayuwa a can sosai rare tsuntsu - tundra (kananan) Swans.

waɗannan tsuntsaye a Nenets cin gashin kanta District - mafi m Manuniya na halitta yanayi. Lokacin da muhalli, Swans nan da nan canza su wurin zamanka.