Iri dausayi da kuma su halaye

Wannan labarin za a dauki daya daga cikin na kowa halitta tsarin, wanda yake da wani mãkirci rehumidified ƙasa surface da wata Layer na peat da kuma musamman halayyar kawai domin irin wannan yankunan kayan lambu siffofin saba da yanayin oxygen rashi, rauni ruwan famfo da kuma wuce haddi danshi.

Akwai za a gabatar da daban-daban na dausayi da su taƙaitaccen halaye.

janar bayanai

Akwai 3 babban fasali na dausayi:

• Redundancy da kuma m ruwaye.
• A gaban wani takamaiman, halayyar for dausayi da ciyayi.
• Peat samuwar tsari.

Dausayi ne fiye da ake magana a kai yankin inda da shuka tushen ba zai iya isa ma'adinai gona.

samuwar

Kafin ka sani, abin da su ne main iri dausayi, don gano yadda suke suna kafa.

Domin samuwar irin wannan sassan redundancy zama dole su ci gaba da danshi a cikin ƙasa, kuma a kan surface daga gare ta, da kuma raunana ruwa musayar (a cikin t. H., Kuma ruwan karkashin kasa). Bi da bi, da rashin oxygen sa ta hanyar wuce haddi danshi hana damar da iska a cikin ƙasa, a dangane da wanda babu isasshen fadada (ko hadawan abu da iskar shaka) saurã daga cikin mutuwa ciyayi da kuma peat aka kafa. Karshe - a ƙasa substrate da wani babban ruwa content. Ya kunshi 'bazu shuke-shuke. Halin peat sãɓãwar launukansa digiri na bazuwar. Alal misali, cikin bazuwar mataki na 70% na nufin cewa kashi 70 cikin dari bazu matattu shuke-shuke, da kuma 30 - babu. Wannan irin substrate ne m, a ruwa-Holding iya aiki, don haka akwai quite a high ruwa da abun ciki (game da 97% na jimlar girma).

Iri dausayi da kuma su halaye

By ciyar da yanayi da kuma siffofin rarrabe fen (daban eutrophic), tsaka (mesotrophic) da sirdi (oligotrophic) daidai da ciwon concave, lebur da kuma convex surface siffofi.

Karkashin filayen kwari (eutrophic) tana nufin swamps located in depressions da hydrated surface da ƙasa ruwan ƙasa, arzikin ma'adinai a salts. Saka advantageously ciyar da hazo daga sararin sama, wanda shi ne ba sosai arzikin ma'adinai a salts. Marshes ne mai shudewa matsakaici kungiyar.

Ciyayi, rinjaye a yankin, rarrabe gandun daji, ciyawa, shrub da kuma gansakuka iri dausayi. A cewar microrelief - m, lebur, convex. Marsh - Waɗannan su ne dausayi Marshes.

Rasha fadama

Nau'in Rasha swamps la'akari da kasa. Kuma duk da haka - da janar bayani.

Area Marshes a Rasha ne kamar 1.4 miliyan square ƙafafunsa. km (game da 10% na kasar surface). A cewar m kimomi, su sun mayar da hankali a kusa da 3000 cubic mita. m canzawa halitta ruwa reserves.

Fadama - yana da quite wani hadadden halitta tsarin. Ya kunshi juna biotopes, wanda aka halin da karfi wetting, da kasancewar wani irin ruwa-m shuke-shuke da kuma jari na daban-daban Organic sharan kamar yadda silt ko peat. A daban-daban yanayi na Rasha sauyin yanayi, topography, da kuma dangane da muhimmi kankara ci gaba daban-daban na swamps, kowane tare da halaye daban-daban peat adibas, feed ruwa yanayi da kuma ta magudana halaye ciyayi.

Wadannan iri da samar da lantarki Rasha Marshes: kwaruruka, upland da kuma gwamnatin rikon kwarya.

A yanayi na ikon

A karkashin halayyar yanayi na da ikon da ake nufi da zamani surface swamps da kuma gaban daga cikin manya Layer na substrate, cikinsa da tushen da shuke-shuke located. Domin kowane irin dausayi kamar sama suna wakilta su ikon kafofin.

Da wuce haddi danshi ne mai babbar alama na wani Marshes. Ana sa da ya faru na musamman iri dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke, kazalika da yanayi na musamman peculiar humification cewa a temperate canjin yanayin da yawanci kai ga bai cika Lalacewar ciyayi sharan kuma samuwar peat.

A Gwargwadon rarraba dausayi a Rasha

Rasha swamps prevalent a kusan duk halitta yankunan, amma yafi a cikin magudanun ruwa, da ɓarna, rigar depressions. The girma na su sun mayar da hankali a yankunan tsakiya da kuma a cikin yankin arewa maso yammacin na West Siberian Bayyana.

Mai dausayi a Rasha - tundra da taiga zone. dausayi iri ne bambance bambancen. Waterlogging a wasu yankunan na tundra ne 50%. A yankunan taiga mayar da hankali kamar 80% na peat bogs. A Turai na Rasha mafi dausayi ne Vologda, Leningrad Oblast da Jamhuriyar Karelia (game da 40%).

Taiga of Western Siberia swamped har zuwa 70 bisa dari. A babban iri-iri na Marshes da Far East, mafi yawa a cikin Amur yankin.

Rarraba dausayi da irin

Nau'in na Rasha dausayi geographically rarraba unevenly. Doki shagaltar da rabi daga cikin jimlar wetland yankin, da kuma suka fi yawa a arewacin yankunan. Kwaruruka ne kasa da rabin (40%) na yankin dukkan Marshes. Very kananan yankunan shagaltar da swamps mika mulki (10%).

Fens, da girma da Fed kogin ko ruwan karkashin kasa, kuma sun faru ne yafi a m yankunan. Kuma cewa - kwari da deltas na manyan koguna. Upland swamps yafi ciyar da hazo, kuma sau da yawa aka sãme su a taiga da tundra bangarori na Eurasia. Babban kashi (84%) na peaty wuraren da aka located a cikin Asian ɓangare na Rasha.

Kuma abin da Marinjãyi fadama irin a Arewa? Fens yamma Siberia ne shagaltar 42%. Mafi yawa daga peaty ƙasar (game da 73%) ne tsare zuwa yankin na ƙasa da permafrost.

ciyayi cover

A fens mamaye wadannan shuke-shuke: fari Birch, alder, Willow, Pine da spruce. Ganye da aka samu mafi yawa sedges da hatsi - kara da shida. Daga mosses kullum girma kore mosses.

Domin tsaka bogs ne halin da Birch kuma Pine (Siberia - Dahurian kuma Siberian larch, da itacen al'ul) da kuma Willow (dan kadan kasa da a fens). Ganye ne na kowa da ciyayi ne guda kamar yadda a cikin fens, amma ba a cikin irin wannan manyan yawa. Mafi sau da yawa za ka iya saduwa da tsayi trichophorum, Reed, sedge da butylchatuyu sherstistoplodnuyu. Yana gana da kuma ciyayi halayyar bogs.

Hawa a kan daji akwai Pine (Siberian itacen al'ul gauraye da shi), kuma Dahurian larch. Bush ba a nan a duk, amma shi ne prevalent a wadannan wurare wani rukuni na Heather: Cassandra, Heather, Rosemary, blueberries, kuma cranberries. Akwai aka yakan hukunta girma Birch Dwarf da Crowberry (crowberry). Common a irin wuraren da guda-kai auduga ciyawa (ganye), a manyan tussock-sod. Za ka iya sau da yawa sami da cloudberries da sundew. Mosses ake wakilta a nan kawai sphagnum.

Saboda haka, yanayi na peat da kuma ciyayi ne kuma zai yiwu ya yi hukunci da cewa (kamar yadda muka gani a sama), abin da irin dausayi.

A ƙarshe, a kan al'amurran da suka shafi muhalli

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma da akwai korau aukuwa a dangane da wuce kima, hallakaswa amfani da dausayi. Da farko wannan gurbatawa, wuce kima ruwa ci daga ƙasa, kuma da taro samar na peat. Har ila yau, wani muhimmin rawa da aka buga da draining da plowing, take hakkin hydrology tsarin mulki na gina hanyoyi, da kuma man gas bututun da kuma sauran wurare.

Magudanun ruwa na dausayi sau da yawa take kaiwa zuwa wani peat wuta, ƙasar ƙasƙanci da kuma asarar nazarin halittu bambancin duniya. All aikin dole ne a da za'ayi a hankali, tare da wajibi kiyayewa da mafi yawan dausayi. Tabbata a bi dokoki na adana muhalli balance a yanayi.