Jama'a toilets: bayanin jinsi. Jama'a toilets a Moscow

Na dogon lokaci a cikin birane babu cikakken fledged lambatu. Impurities sukan jefa a cikin titi, wanda, da sauƙi, take kaiwa ba kawai don wani m ƙi da datti, amma kuma ga ci gaban tsanani cututtuka, wani lokacin tasowa a cikin wani m cutar.

Saboda haka, irin rawa da farko jama'a toilets, ba za a iya overestimated. Su ba kawai a yarda share titunan manyan birane, amma kuma a zahiri ajiye rayukan mutane da dama.

A kadan tarihi

A farko jama'a toilets bayyana a Rasha ne kawai a cikin karni na 19th. Alal misali, a St. Petersburg a 1871, a latrine, kira a matsayin "retiradnik" da aka gina kusa da Mikhailovsky Manege. Shi ne mai gidan gina a kan wani cesspool, a cikin abin da ya sa a kananan Rasha dumama kuka.

Success wahayi, kuma daga baya birnin hukuma gina 42 more of guda bayan gida. Dukan su gravitated zuwa wuraren da suka taru mafi girma yawan mutane - kasuwanni, da tsakiyar gundumar birnin, murabba'ai kuma Parks. Initiative hankali tsince da sauran Rasha birane.

Nau'in na jama'a toilets (na halitta)

Dangane da hanyar, wanda ya kawar da impurities, wadannan iri jama'a toilets - halitta, sinadaran toilets, sinadaran da najasa.

1. A wurare inda akwai wani Karkasa najasa tsarin, nasarar aiki da ake kira halitta toilets. Suna wakiltar wani kananan turke, da gina cesspool. Don wannan karshen, shi ne sama da bene tare da wani Slotted rami a shi (ochkom), wanda a shirye kuma defecate. Don mazaunin shigowa sabo iska a ƙofar yakan yi karamin nuna. Faeces lokaci zuwa lokaci yafa masa ƙasa ko peat don inganta da nazarin halittu aiki da kuma rage wasu daga cikin m wari. A Cika da sump lokaci zuwa lokaci goge amfani da najasa truck, ko da hannu.
2. A biotoilets domin sake amfani yi amfani da peat, inda da abinda ke ciki ne a hankali tuba a cikin takin, takin dace da shuke-shuke. A bambanci, sunadarai toilets yi amfani da sharar gida na amfani da sinadarai da kuma saboda haka sun fi son yin amfani da, misali, a kan gina shafukan ko a lokacin bukukuwa.
3. Lambatu toilets - shi ne prerogative wurare na Karkasa najasa tsarin, wanda damar cire fecal al'amari daga ruwa halin yanzu.

Bukatun ga jeri na jama'a toilets

Girma birane bukatar kara yawan jama'a dakin bayan gida. A yi na wadannan gine-gine bukatar wani tsanani m, wanda dole ne ya yi la'akari da ba kawai da jeri, amma kuma da isasshen ikon (an yi imani da cewa 1000 ya zama 0.3 naúrar).

Lokacin da zayyana da girma da ake bukata domin cika tare da wasu jama'a dakin bayan gida, wanda yake fãra daga gaskiya cewa kowane tasa dole ba kasa da 2.5 m, kuma ga kowane urinal - ba kasa da mita 1.5 yankin. Height 3.2 m kwakwalwa Inganta a raba gine-gine, da kuma a gyarawa ko karkashin kasa shigarwa shi ya kamata ba kasa da 2.8 m.

Inda za ka iya post jama'a toilets

Kuma an wajabta, wasu sharudda da kuma ga wani wuri inda za ka iya post jama'a dakin bayan gida.

Saboda haka, bisa ga tsafta bukatun su na'urar a cikin gidajensu, a makarantu, da kindergartens, kazalika da gidaje da gine-gine da aka keɓe wa jiyya da kuma rigakafin ko tsafta-da-epidemiologic ma'aikata, ba a halatta.

Toilets a jama'a gine-gine, shan a manyan yawan baƙi aka kafa a nesa na ba fiye da 75 m daga cikin mafi m wuraren da mutane zauna. Kuma a cikin filayen wasa, wannan nesa kada wuce 150 mitoci daga wurin wasanni ko manisantan wuri a tsaye.

Mobile bayan gida bukkokin ya kamata a sanya wani kusa fiye da 50 da mita daga jama'a da kuma zama gine-gine. Irin wannan bukata, ta hanyar, ya shafi tsit toilets.

Nadi na jama'a toilets

Don nuna wani bayan gida, a wani wuri jama'a, a daban-daban birane da kuma kasashen amfani da daban-daban Manuniya. Bugu da kari ga rubutu "WC", a Turai ta iya zama haruffa WC (rage tsawon mamada).

Kuma a cikin hotel-hotel jama'a toilets suna located a kan kowane bene, kaddamarda GS, wanda yake nufin - wannan dakin yana ba ƙidãya. Duk da haka, da yawa sun gaskata cewa wannan rubutu a sama da ya zo daga sojan Birtaniya, inda aka haka rubũtacce dakunan wanka ga jami'an (Jami'an Kawai).

Haka kuma, a cikin jama'a toilets layi daya rassan tsarin rubutu amfani ga maza da mata - "M" da "W" ko "M" da kuma «W» (a cikin Turanci version). A wasu lokuta, maimakon lakabin amfani da gumaka ko images hade ko dai tare da wani bayan gida theme, wani baƙo zuwa bene.

Jama'a toilets ga mutane na ko dai yin jima'i

Kwanan nan, kuma da dakin bayan gida ba nufa jinsi bambance-bambance na baƙi. Wannan shi ne kan gabatarwa ajiye saboda irin wannan sabis, mafi wuya gani nuna cewa wannan jama'a toilets ga maza ko mata.

Wadannan canje-canje ne saboda gaskiyar cewa da damar ziyarci dakin bayan gida kawai wasu mata da maza halitta wasu matsaloli. Alal misali, maza kadai kula da yaro, a iya samu cewa canza tebur yana samuwa ne kawai a cikin Ladies 'dakin. Uba girma 'yan mata iya fuskantar matsalar - ko da damar karamin yaro ya je mata bariki, ko kai shi tare da ku zuwa ga maza. Amince: kuma ya da sauran wani zaɓi ne daidai m.

Toilets duka biyu mata da maza gina babban jira dakin inda za ka iya wanke hannuwanku da tsaftace tufafi, da kuma da cikin dakin, inda cikin rufaffiyar turke. Wannan damar da maza da mata ba don kunya juna.

Aikin famfo ga jama'a toilets

ga tsafta kayan aiki da bukatun ga jama'a toilets ba ya dogara ne a kan yadda mutane da yawa baƙi a lokaci guda da ake tsara - shi ya kasance vandal-hujja da kuma sauki tsaftace.

Kuma mafi mashahuri a wannan batun ne bayan gida ga jama'a toilets - kwano "Genoa". Yana da wani rectangular samfurin na Cast baƙin ƙarfe, karfe ko tukwane, da musamman tududa ga ƙafa da kuma damar elongated tsakiya, bayar da shawara squatting. Wannan ya undoubted abũbuwan amfãni a matsayin baƙo ba ya bukatar ya shãfe tabbata daga wani abu fãce takalma.

Ba kamar sauran iri bayan gida kwano "Genoa" shi ne abin dogara, kuma yana da lokaci mai tsawon amfani.

Toilets iya zama kyau

Yau, jama'a toilets aka hankali gushe ba sunã a wuraren da na so in yi tsalle daga maza maza. A birane da yawa a duniya, wadannan wurare sun zama gine-gine da manyan duwãtsu.

• Saboda haka, a Tel Aviv (Isra'ila) murna da ido zagaye orange bukkoki kamar lemu fiye da toilets. Kuma a Gdansk (Poland), da tarihi na birnin da aka yi wa ado da zane kama da wani digo na ruwa, wanda aka daidaituwa blended a cikin gida dandano.
• Japan gine-ginen, Mun halitta 17-daban na jama'a toilets for Hiroshima Parks, sanya a cikin style of Origami, amma daga zuba kankare. Suna fentin a haske launuka kuma suna da ado yankin.
• Kuma a Uster (Switzerland) bayan gida yayi kama da shigen sukari rufe scaly maciji fata. Wannan sakamako shi ne cimma, lauye game da 300 a canza launin a cikin daban-daban tabarau na kore aluminum tube.
• Bayan gida, a tsakiyar Austin (Texas, USA) is located gaba da gammo, wanda aka zaba wa kansu masu gudu. Yana da mafi kamar wani shigarwa na katako, allon fiye da a kan bayan gida, don haka da cewa daidai daidai a cikin kewaye wuri mai faɗi.
• Kuma rairayin bakin teku yanki na Wellington (New Zealand) toilets kama da teku dodanni tare da dogon pleated wutsiyoyi. Wadannan wutsiyoyi, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, suna da wata halitta iska da gabatarwa.
• Amma mafi kyau mata za a iya kira na jama'a bayan gida a gidan wasan kwaikwayo Shoei Tabuchi (USA). Ya dubi mafi kamar marmari dakin na fada, cike da furanni. A madubai sa'an nan firam a m tagulla firam, da kuma ga wadanda fata shakata, akwai ma wani rocking kujera.

Amma duk da haka jama'a toilets bai isa ba

Amma duk da haka, bisa ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, a kowace rana, game da 2.5 biliyan mutane a duniya fama da wani rashin jama'a toilets. Haka kuma, ma'aikatan na kungiyar furuci kira da halin da ake ciki shi ne kusa da catastrophic.

Bayan duk, ko da inda dakin bayan gida ne, sunã a cikin wani mummunan jihar mafi sau da yawa, wanda shi ya sa mutanen da suka yi amfani da su ne a hadarin kiwon lafiya. Kuma mata da yara, da ziyartar jama'a toilets, sau da yawa zama wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali a cikin su. A sakamakon haka, mutane da yawa suna tilasta defecate a wuraren ba dace domin wannan, wanda ba shakka yana da wani mummunan sakamako a kan ANNOBA da muhalli a halin da ake ciki a duniya.

Jama'a toilets a Moscow

Ba wani togiya a cikin wannan ma'ana, kuma Moscow. Masu ziyara, da kuma mazauna birnin kanta sosai wuya a sami wani wuri don ya taimaka kansu. Bayan duk, da yawa daga cikin data kasance jama'a toilets ne kawai inconspicuous. Domin su a can ne ba kawai talla, amma ko da da recognizable alamomin. Babu shakka, wannan ne ya bayyana da cewa ma'aikatan ne cikakken ba su da sha'awar a kara yawan baƙi.

Tun tsakiyar 90 ta a Moscow aka kawo blue roba bayan gida cubicles (šaukuwa toilets wanda aka kira da kuskure). Mafi yawansu ba su hankali ya sa a cikin aiki, 'yan kasuwa. Kuma ko da yake amfanin irin wannan latrines ne bayyananne - su ne mobile, kada dauka da yawa sarari, suna m da kyau biya kanta a cikin wata biyu - su ne har yanzu ma kananan ga babbar birni. Wannan yana yiwuwa take kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa "blue bukkokin" suna sauri zama unusable sarari.

Magance halin da ake ciki, an kira sabon ire toilets, wanda a shekarar 2013 ya fara bayyana a Moscow. Suna sanye take da haske, zafi ruwa, kai-tsaftacewa tsarin, sabulu, madubi da kuma ko da wani "maɓallin tsoro", wadda za ku iya kira 'yan sanda, ko motar asibiti.

A 'yan kalmomi a ƙarshe

Sun fi mayar kan yadda gyara jama'a toilets za a iya hukunci a kan matakin da al'adu da kuma ci gaban jihar.

Don gamsar da physiological bukatun cikin wani dadi yanayi - wannan shi ne wani alamar kula game da 'yan ƙasa. Kuma cewa, kamar yadda 'yan ƙasa ne da dukiya adana da kuma goyon baya na oda a makarantun, za a iya gaya mai yawa game da tarbiyyar, da ilimi da kuma halaye na kiwon lafiya. Yi hakuri idan jama'a toilets ne tushen m abubuwan.