Ina lemar sararin samaniya Layer? Mene ne lemar sararin samaniya Layer, kuma me ya sa ta hallaka ne bad?

Ozonosphere - Layer da yanayi na duniya tamu, retaining cikin mafi m rabo daga ultraviolet bakan. Wasu iri hasken rana detrimental sakamako a kan rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Lokaci da Lokaci ozonosphere zama sirara, ta bayyana ramin daban-daban masu girma dabam. Tasowa ta hanyar ramuka a farfajiya na Duniya zai iya yardar kaina shiga hatsari haskoki. Ina lemar sararin samaniya Layer? Abin da za mu iya yi domin ya ceci shi? Tattaunawa da Duniya ta labarin kasa da lafiyar qasa da aka kishin samarwa labarin.

Mene ne lemar sararin samaniya?

Oxygen a duniya wanzu a cikin nau'i na biyu sauki gaseous mahadi, wani ɓangare na ruwa da kuma manya-manyan yawan sauran kowa inorganic kuma Organic abubuwa (silicates, carbonates, sulfates, furotin, carbohydrate, mai). Daya daga cikin mafi sani allotropic gyare-gyare kashi - sauki abu oxygen, ta dabara - Ya _2. Na biyu gyara kwayoyin halitta - Ya (lemar sararin samaniya). Da dabara na wannan abu - About _3. Triatomic kwayoyin kafa a lokacin da wani wuce haddi na makamashi, misali, a sakamakon walƙiya discharges a yanayi. Next, za mu gano abin da lemar sararin samaniya Layer na Duniya, me ya sa ta kauri ne kullum canja.

Lemar sararin samaniya a karkashin al'ada yanayi - blue gas da ciwon kaifi, musamman dandano. A kwayoyin nauyi na abu ne 48 (don kwatanta - Mr _(Air) = _29.). Wari na lemar sararin samaniya ne reminiscent wani hadiri, domin bayan wannan halitta sabon abu Yã ₃ kwayoyin a cikin iska zama ya fi girma. Taro ƙaruwa ba kawai inda lemar sararin samaniya Layer, amma kuma kusa da duniya ta surface. Shi ne chemically aiki abu ne mai guba zuwa rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, amma da sauri dissociates (karya). A dakunan gwaje-gwaje da kuma masana'antu su ne na musamman na'urorin - lemar sararin samaniya janareto - for wucewa lantarki jini ta cikin iska ko oxygen.

Mene ne lemar sararin samaniya Layer?

Kwayoyin Yã ₃ da high sinadaran da nazarin halittu aiki. Accession uku zarra zuwa diatomic oxygen yana tare da kara samar da makamashi ajiya fili da kuma rashin zaman lafiya. Lemar sararin samaniya zai readily decomposes cikin kwayoyin sunadarin oxygen da kuma wani aiki barbashi cewa oxidizes vigorously wasu abubuwa da kuma kashe kwayoyin. Amma mafi yawan matsalolin da suka shafi ƙanshi a fili da lãbãri zuwa ga jari a cikin yanayi sama da ƙasa. Mene ne lemar sararin samaniya Layer, kuma me ya sa ta hallaka ne bad?

Kai tsaye a surface na duniya ne ko da yaushe wani adadin kwayoyin Yã _3, amma tare da tsawo qara taro na fili. Da samuwar wannan abu ya faru a cikin stratosphere saboda da ultraviolet radiation rãnã, ɗauke da manyan samar da makamashi.

ozonosphere

Akwai yankin a sarari a sama da duniya, inda lemar sararin samaniya ne mafi girma daga a surface. Amma a general, da harsashi ya kunshi kwayoyin na Yã ₃ - bakin ciki da kuma discontinuous. Ina lemar sararin samaniya Layer, ko ozonosphere na duniya tamu? Inconstancy kauri daga cikin allo sau disconcerting masu bincike.

The Earth ta yanayi ne ko da yaushe gabatar wani adadin na lemar sararin samaniya, akwai gagarumin bambanci a cikin ta maida hankali tare da tsawo data. Bari mu binciko waxannan abubuwan bayan gano ainihin wurin da garkuwa ta Yã ₃ kwayoyin.

Ina lemar sararin samaniya Layer?

A alama karuwa da lemar sararin samaniya kwayoyin fara a nesa na 10 km kuma ta ci gaba har zuwa 50 km sama da ƙasa. Amma da yawa daga cikin abu, wanda shi ne samuwa a cikin troposphere - shi ke ba da allo. Kamar yadda nesa daga ƙasa surface qara lemar sararin samaniya yawa. Matsakaicin dabi'u da faruwa a cikin stratosphere, ta yanki a wata tsawo na 20 zuwa 25 km. Ga kwayoyin Yã ₃ dauke da 10 sau fiye da na Duniya ta surface.

Amma me ya sa da kauri da mutunci da lemar sararin samaniya Layer ne kamfani na masana kimiyya da kuma talakawa mutane? Boom kan jihar da garkuwa m, a cikin karni na karshe. Masu bincike sun gano cewa lemar sararin samaniya Layer kan Antarctica ya zama sirara. Babban dalilin da sabon abu da aka kafa - kwayoyin dissociation Yã _3. Halakar ne sakamakon hada sakamakon wani adadin dalilai, abu daga gare su wanda yake anthropogenic hade tare da mutum aiki.

lemar sararin samaniya rami

A karshe 30-40 shekaru, masana kimiyya sun lura bayyanar ramuka a cikin m allon sama da Duniya ta surface. Gangami da kimiyya al'umma kira rahotanni da cewa lemar sararin samaniya Layer - garkuwa da Earth - An rage karfin hanzari. Dukan kafofin watsa labarai a cikin tsakiyar 1980s, da buga sakon a kan "rami" a kan Antarctica. Da masu bincike lura cewa, da rata a lemar sararin samaniya Layer qara a cikin bazara. Babban dalilin da lalacewar da ci gaban da aka gano, wucin gadi da kuma roba kayan - chlorofluorocarbons. Mafi na kowa kungiyar na wadannan mahadi - freon ko refrigerant naúrar. Akwai fiye da 40 da abubuwa na wannan kungiya. Sun zo daga kafofi da dama, saboda aikace-aikace sun hada da abinci da aiki, sinadaran, turare da kuma sauran masana'antu.

A abun da ke ciki freons, kuma carbon da hydrogen, sun hada da halogeno: fluoro, chloro, bromo wani lokacin. A manyan yawan abubuwa irin refrigerants amfani a refrigerators, iska conditioners. By kansu, freons barga, amma a high yanayin zafi da kuma a gaban aiki sinadaran jamiái amsa hadawan abu da iskar shaka. Daga cikin dauki kayayyakin iya zama mahadi wanda suke guba ga rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

CFCs da lemar sararin samaniya garkuwa

Chlorofluorocarbons O3 kwayoyin hulɗa tare da kuma halakar da m Layer sama da duniya. Da farko thinning lemar sararin samaniya Layer soma ga halitta shakka na da kauri, cewa faruwa duk lokaci. Amma a kan lokaci cikin rami, kamar "rami" a kan Antarctica, an gani a fadin Arewa Hemisphere. Yawan irin wannan keta ka'ida ya karu tun da farko kallo, amma masu girma dabam ne karami fiye da a kan garin kankara nahiyar.

Da farko, da masana kimiyya shakkar cewa shi CFCs sa lemar sararin samaniya? Ãr tsari. Wadannan su ne abubuwa da wani babban kwayoyin nauyi. Kamar yadda suka isa stratosphere inda lemar sararin samaniya Layer, idan da yawa wa mutum fiye da oxygen, nitrogen da carbon dioxide? Abun Lura na hawa igiyoyin a cikin yanayi a lokacin saukar aradu, da gwaje-gwajen sun tabbatar da yiwuwar shigar azzakari cikin farji daga daban-daban barbashi tare da iska zuwa tsawo na 10-20 km sama da ƙasa, inda a can ne a iyaka da troposphere da stratosphere.

A bambancin da hallaka na lemar sararin samaniya

A lemar sararin samaniya allo zone kuma yi na'am da nitrogen oxides sakamakon konewa a injuna da kuma supersonic jirgin sama na daban-daban na kumbon sama jannati. Gaba da jerin abubuwa wanda hargitse yanayi lemar sararin samaniya Layer na duniya volcanic da kima. Wani lokacin da ya kwarara daga gaseous da ƙura isa wani tsawo na 10-15 kilomita kuma yada ga dubban daruruwan kilomita.

Smog kan manyan masana'antu cibiyoyin da Metropolitan kuma taimaka wa dissociation daga cikin kwayoyin a cikin Yã ₃ yanayi. Dalilin kara girman da lemar sararin samaniya rami kuma dauke su kara maida hankali ne abin da ake kira greenhouse gas a cikin yanayi, inda lemar sararin samaniya Layer. Saboda haka, duniya muhalli matsalar sauyin yanayi da aka kai tsaye nasaba da batutuwan da suka shafi lalata lemar sararin samaniya. Gaskiyar cewa greenhouse gas dauke da abubuwa da amsa tare da Yã ₃ kwayoyin. A lemar sararin samaniya dissociates oxygen Yanã shigar da hadawan abu da iskar shaka na sauran abubuwa.

A hadarin asarar lemar sararin samaniya garkuwa

Sun akwai wani gibba a cikin ozonosphere zuwa sarari, bayyanar CFCs da sauran yanayi pollutants? Wadannan al'amurran da suka shafi ne mai kawo rigima, amma ƙarshe ne guda: lemar sararin samaniya Layer na yanayi dole ne koyi da kiyaye su daga hallaka. Duniyar mu ba tare da allo na kwayoyin Yã ₃ hasarar da kariya da matsananci cosmic haskoki a wasu tsawon, da tunawa aiki abu Layer. Idan lemar sararin samaniya garkuwa bakin ciki ko suka bace, ainihin matakai na rayuwa a duniya ne cikin hatsari. Wuce kima ultraviolet radiation kara hadarin maye gurbi a cikin sel rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

Kiyaye lemar sararin samaniya Layer

A rashin data game da kauri daga cikin garkuwa a baya karni da kuma Millennium dagula kintace. Me zai faru idan ozonosphere halaka gaba daya? A 'yan shekarun da likitoci ganin wani karuwa a yawan mutane shafi fata ciwon daji. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin cututtuka wanda ya haddasa matsanancin ultraviolet sakawa a iska mai guba.

A shekarar 1987, yawan kasashe acceded ga Montreal layinhantsaki, da nufin rage da kuma cikakken ban a kan samar da chlorofluorocarbons. Shi ne kawai daya daga cikin matakan da za su taimaka domin ya ceci lemar sararin samaniya Layer - Duniya ta ultraviolet da garkuwa. Amma CFCs har yanzu samar da masana'antu da kuma shigar da yanayi. Duk da haka, yarda da Montreal layinhantsaki kai ga rage lemar sararin samaniya ramukan.

Abin da kowa da kowa zai iya yi ya ajiye lemar sararin samaniya Layer?

Da masu bincike bayar da shawarar cewa a cika dawo daga m allon ne har yanzu 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Wannan shi ne yanayin idan ta tsaya a nan ba wani tashin hankali katsewa, haifar da wani yawa na shakka. Greenhouse gas ta ci gaba da daga ƙarƙashinsu a cikin yanayi, samar da makami mai linzami gabatar da kuma sauran sarari motocin, da kara jiragen ruwa a kasashe daban-daban. Wannan yana nufin cewa masana kimiyya da duk da haka ci gaba tasiri hanyoyi na kare lemar sararin samaniya garkuwa daga hallaka.

A cikin gida matakin, kowane mutum zai iya ba ma taimaka. Lemar sararin samaniya kasa zai zama kaskanta idan iska tsabtace zai zama kasa free daga turɓãya, toka, mai guba abin hawa exhausts. Don kare lemar sararin samaniya Layer dole ne na bakin ciki a dakatar da kona sharar gida, kafa a ko'ina su hadari dashi. Vehicles bukatar canzawa zuwa mafi tsabtace muhalli habaka, a ko'ina fãce daban-daban na makamashi.