Kumbon sama jannati. Artificial Duniya tauraron dan adam

Kumbon sama jannati a duk da bambancin - biyu girman kai da damuwa ga bil'adama. Halittarsu aka riga da dogon tarihi na ci gaba kimiyya da fasaha. Space Age, kyale mutane daga neman a duniya a cikin abin da suka rayu, propelled mu zuwa wani sabon mataki na ci gaba. Roka a sararin samaniya a yau - shi ke nan ba wani mafarki, da kuma dauki kula da sosai gwani kwararru da suka fuskanci kalubale don inganta data kasance fasahar. A kan abin da iri sarari motocin emit da kuma yadda suka bambanta da juna, za a tattauna a cikin labarin.

definition

Kumbon sama jannati - Generic sunan ga wani na'urorin tsara aiki a sarari. Akwai da dama zaɓuɓɓuka saboda rarrabuwa. A cikin sauki hali, saki da kumbon sama jannati manned da unmanned. Tsohon, bi da bi, suna subdivided cikin sarari jiragen ruwa da kuma tashoshin. Daban-daban a cikin capabilities kuma dalilai, suna kama a mutunta mutane da yawa a cikin tsarin da kuma kayan aiki amfani.

jirgin Features

Duk wani kumbon sama jannati bayan da farkon wuce ta uku da manyan matakai: cire sararin samaniya a zahiri tashi da saukowa. A mataki na farko ya shafi ci gaban da gudun da na'ura da ake bukata don isa m sarari. Domin samun a cikin sarari guda, da darajar kasance 7.9 km / s. Cikakken shawo kan nazarin sasannin nauyi ya shafi ci gaban da na biyu sarari gudu daidai 11.2 km / s. Wannan abin da motsa roka a sararin samaniya, a lokacin da ta nufi shi ne cire rabo daga cikin sarari na sararin samaniya.

Bayan da aka sako daga janye ya zama na biyu mataki. A cikin shakka daga cikin orbital motsi na kumbon sama jannati jirgin ya auku da inertia saboda hanzari ba su. A karshe, da saukowa mataki kwakwalwa gaba da raguwa a jirgin gudun, da tauraron dan adam, ko tashar zuwa kusan sifili.

"Ciko"

Kowane kumbon sama jannati sanye take da wuraren don ta dace da ayyuka wanda shi ne ake kira a gare su warware. Duk da haka, da Babban bambancin shi ne saboda abin da ake kira manufa kayan aiki dole ne kawai a samu bayanai da kuma daban-daban kimiyya da bincike. Sauran kayan aiki a cikin kumbon sama jannati kama. Yana hada da wadannan tsarin:

• samar da wutar lantarki - sau da yawa bayar da muhimmanci kumbon sama jannati makamashin hasken rana ko radioisotope batura, da sinadaran batura, makaman nukiliya reactors.
• Mu - za'ayi amfani da wani rediyo kalaman sigina, a wani gwaji nesa daga Earth ne da muhimmanci musamman ne m nuna na eriya.
• abincinsu - a tsarin halayyar manned kumbon sama jannati, godiya mata, shi ne zai yiwu a gaban mutane a kan jirgin;
• fuskantarwa - kazalika da wani jirgin ruwa, sarari sanye take da wuraren ga m tabbatar da dalilin da kansa matsayi a sarari.
• motsi - da injuna na kumbon sama jannati da damar canza gudun jirgin, kazalika da ta shugabanci.

rarrabuwa

Daya daga cikin manyan sharudda ga rabuwa da kumbon sama jannati iri - wannan yanayin na aiki, tabbatas da damar. A wannan hasashe ware na'urorin:

• zama a cikin wani sarari suKe geocentric, ko wucin gadi da tauraron dan adam.
• Waɗanda suke nufin nazarin m sarari tashoshin - atomatik interplanetary tashar.
• amfani da su safarar mutane ko kaya da ake bukata domin kewayewa duniya tamu, suna kira Spaceships, za a iya sarrafa kansa ko manned.
• tsara don mutane zama a sarari na dogon lokaci - yake da orbital tashar .
• da hannu a cikin bayarwa na mutane da kaya zuwa sararin samaniya na duniya ta surface, aka kira su zuwa sauka.
• da ikon gano duniya, nan da nan ya magance a kan bãyan tẽkun, da kuma matsawa a kan shi - yana da Planetary.

Bari mu zauna a kan wasu iri.

Da tauraron dan adam (wucin gadi da tauraron dan adam)

A farko kumbon sama jannati kaddamar a cikin sarari sun wucin gadi da tauraron dan adam. Physics da dokokin sa a yi cire wani irin na'urar a kan kewayewa kalubale. Duk wani na'ura kamata shawo kan janye daga duniya, sa'an nan ba fada a kan shi. Don yin wannan, dole ne ka matsar da tauraron dan adam da na farko cosmic gudun ko da dan kadan sauri. A kan wannan duniya tamu matukar saki ƙananan iyaka da zai yiwu da tauraron dan adam wurare (wuce a tsawon kilomita 300). Kusa jeri zai kai ga wani fairly m braking na'urar a cikin yanayi na yanayi.

Da farko, kawai boosters iya isar cikin sarari guda wucin gadi da tauraron dan adam. Physics, duk da haka, ba ya tsaya har yanzu, da kuma sababbin hanyoyin da ake ci gaba a yau. Saboda haka, daya daga cikin masu amfani da hanyoyin cikin 'yan shekarun nan - da suka fara da yan kwamitin wani tauraron dan adam. Yana shirin yin amfani da wasu zaɓuɓɓuka.

A falakinsu na tauraron dan adam orbiting da Earth, iya karya a daban-daban Heights. Babu shakka, wannan ma ya dogara da lokaci da ake bukata domin daya zagaye. Da tauraron dan adam wurare dabam dabam lokaci wanda yake shi ne daidai kwanaki, an sanya a don haka ya kira geostationary falaki. An dauke da mafi muhimmanci, saboda na'urorin da suke da a kan shi, don nazarin sasannin Kiyayewa ze gyarawa, sabili da haka, babu bukatar a samar da eriya juyawa sunadaran.

AMS (atomatik interplanetary tashoshin)

A babbar yawan bayanai game da daban-daban abubuwa a cikin hasken rana tsarin, masana kimiyya suna ta amfani da kumbon sama jannati aiko bayan geocentric falaki. AMC abubuwa - da cewa taurari da kuma asteroids, kuma comets, taurari, har ma don kallo. Ayyuka da cewa ana sa kafin irin wannan na'urorin ya bukatar mai ilmi da kuma kokarin daga injiniyoyi da masu bincike. Ofishin Jakadancin AMC suna aiwatuwa fasaha ci gaba da kuma ne biyu da kara kuzari.

manned kumbon sama jannati

Wanki fara safarar mutane zuwa manufar da aka nufa da kuma mayar da su baya, cikin sharuddan fasahar ba yarda da aka bayyana nau'in. Yana nufin irin wannan "Vostok-1", wanda ya sanya jirgin, Yuri Gagarin.

A mafi wuya aiki ga halittawa na manned kumbon sama jannati - cikin aminci daga cikin ma'aikatan jirgin a lokacin koma Duniya. Haka kuma an wani muhimmin ɓangare na wadannan na'urori ne da gaggawa ceto tsarin, wanda zai iya zama dole a lokacin da kau da ya shiga jirgi zuwa sararin samaniya tare da taimakon m roka.

Space motocin, kamar yadda dukan sarari shirin, kullum inganta. Kwanan nan, kafofin watsa labarai na iya sau da yawa ganin rahotanni na "Rosetta" aiki bincike da kuma lander "Philae". Su farin dukan latest nasarori a fagen sarari Shipbuilding, kirga inji motsi da sauransu. Saukowa bincike "Fila" tauraro mai wutsiya dauke da wani taron daidai da Gagarin ta jirgin. Mafi ban sha'awa shi ne cewa wannan ba shine karshen bil'adama damar. Muna har yanzu jiran sabon binciken da kuma nasarori cikin sharuddan duka biyu nazarin sararin samaniya da kuma gini jirgin sama.