Musamman kare gyara yanayi tundra. Shuke-shuke da dabbobi na tundra

Tundra - na musamman da na halitta wuri, nestled arewa na taiga yankin da kuma kudu na Arctic jeji. Shi ne mai girma na yankin tare da iyaka sararin permafrost, wanda saboda snow-rufe ƙasa da wuya gaba daya thawed. Saboda haka, duk occupants na zone, ciki har da shuke-shuke, da su tsira a wuya yanayin damina. Saboda wannan dalili, da yawa daga cikinsu suna musamman kare gyara yanayi tundra. Ka faɗa mini karin, abin da irin abubuwa.

Sauyin yanayi da kuma yanayin yanayi a tundra: Winter

Saboda mun sanya wani ajiyar cewa tundra halin da sosai matsananci yanayi, za mu gaya game da shi a cikin wani dunƙule. Saboda haka, hunturu a cikin wannan sanyi da kuma treeless bayyana ne protracted. Winter yana game 6-8 ko 9 months. Kuma a lokacin duk da wannan lokaci mansions na tundra suna jiran sanyi, sanyi da iska da kuma ko da snow hadari.

Kamar yadda da kowane iyakacin duniya zone, a cikin tundra ne iyakacin duniya, darũruwa da cewa shiryawa da faruwa a tsakiyar ko karshen Janairu kuma yana 1-2 watanni. Idan ya zo ga tsawo-awaited iyakacin duniya rana, mazaunan yankin kunshe a cikin musamman kare yanayi da aka gyara tundra, inundated tare da wani karfi arewa iska da kuma snowstorm. The talakawan zafin jiki a cikin hunturu lokaci ya kai -30 digiri Celsius.

Fall, spring da kuma bazara

Kaka a kan tundra fara a watan Satumba, spring - a watan Mayu, da kuma bazara - a watan Yuli. A guntu lokaci na shekara a subarctic sauyin yanayi zone aka dauke su bazara. Ga shi tashi da sauri kuma kusan imperceptibly. The talakawan zafin jiki a daya daga cikin mafi tsanani da matsayin na tundra watan Yuli (wani lokacin a watan Agusta) ne 5-10 digiri Celsius.

A lokacin gajeren bazara lokacin da ƙasar a cikin sashi na permafrost ba shi da lokacin da za a dumama zuwa karshen. Saboda haka, a lokacin da rana ta haskake zafi in mun gwada wuya ƙasa ne mai yiwuwa a dumama kawai 50 cm zurfi. Duk da cewa ya zauna a kasa wannan Layer, kamar yadda yi nuna, an kura idon da daskarewa ƙasa. Saboda wannan dalili, ruwa samu a ƙasa tare da hazo, ba zai iya shiga zuwa zurfin fiye da rabin mita. Kuma inda bayyana a cikin wannan matsananci yanayi zone yawa tabkuna da kuma Marshes. Menene halayen yanayi tundra, za mu ci gaba.

A Flora a permafrost zone

Kamar yadda ka sani, wakilan da Flora tsira oh yadda da wuya a cikin daskararre ƙasa. Amma, duk da wannan, a cikin tundra iya samun ban mamaki shuke-shuke da kuma shrubs. Alal misali, yana da ban sha'awa ya dubi gansakuka ko lichen barewa. Ga suna girma da waɗanda dadi berries kamar yadda blueberries, cloudberries da lingonberries. Har ila yau, domin tundra ne halin da yawa daga mosses da lichens, wanda suke a fi so abinci na barewa.

Mutane daya-daya da hankali da kuma itatuwa tundra, daga cikinsu akwai kuma wadanda shahidai opportunists kamar yadda Willow kuma Birch. A wannan yanayin, da iri da itatuwan suna kananan, kuma suna Dwarf jinsunan. Mafi yawa daga cikin shuke-shuke a cikin yankin na transience na bazara da low girma da kuma masu rarrafe tare ƙasa kambi, kyale su su amince da wani sashe na hunturu da kuma ji dadin sanyi gusts iska a bazara da kuma bazara.

Duniya kewaye da mu: da tundra kuma ta feathered mazaunan

A tundra za a iya samu ptarmigan, wanda a lokacin rani yana sanya a kan wata kasa-kasa da kuma m tufafin, da kuma ado up for hunturu a cikin dumi fari "Jawo gashi kuma takalma" (cewa shi ne yadda wutsiya da kuma ciyayi, gaba daya rufe da tsuntsu da kafafu). A dukan shekara ya canza ba ta snow-fari launin gashi na yi dusar ƙanƙara, mujiya. Saboda da manyan yawan gashinsa a jiki da kuma wata gabar jiki, wannan tsuntsu ne lokaci mai tsawo su zauna a wuri daya, har ma a cikin matattu na hunturu, da kuma a cikin iska mai ƙarfi.

Animals cewa rayuwa a cikin tundra

Daga cikin dabbobi akwai Fluffy tundra lemmings da gajerun kafafu, mai wutsiya da kananan kunnuwa. Abin lura shi ne cewa wadannan dabbobi ba hibernate da kuma bunƙasa a cikin dusar ƙanƙara da kasa. Har ila yau, a nan za ka iya ganin kyau da kuma azumi Foxes, deer tare da babban ƙahonin da nauyi, fox, kerkẽci, zomo, hakori, bighorn tumaki, da sauran. Mutane da yawa daga cikin mazaunan wa'adi da nau'i nau'i, kuma haka a sanya a cikin tundra reserves.

Sauran mazaunan tundra

Saboda da manyan yawan tabkuna da kuma Marshes, kazalika da} arfin hazo (a lokacin shekara akwai da dama zuwa 200-300 mm) a cikin tundra an rayayye tasowa jini-tsotsa winged kwari. A kududdufai kansu taso kan ruwa irin wannan babban kifi a matsayin omul, fari kifi, whitefish da whitefish.

Matsalolin muhalli tundra

A Nature Conservancy tundra - wannan shi ne wani muhimmin kalubale ga muhalli a duniya. Irin wannan ƙarshe za a iya sanya bayan nazarin da bayanai samuwa a kan wannan matsananci yanki na ginin da kuma sauran wurare da yin sufuri da kuma man fetur.

Saboda da m hali zuwa aiki da aminci maras yarda auku akai-akai yayyo man fetur. A sakamakon haka ne gurbatawa, halakar shuke-shuke da dabbobi.

Bugu da kari, da yankin da tundra koma samar da jiragen kasa, wanda ya rage bayan da datti, lalata ƙarshe ciyayi cover na kasar gona. Saboda halakar ciyayi kashe barewa da sauran dabbobi da tsuntsaye.

Abin da reserves ne a cikin tundra?

Godiya ga hadewa aikin na ecologists da sauran kwararru halitta, kuma Ya halitta yawa yanayi reserves tundra. Saboda haka, a cikin wannan sashi na permafrost yana da dama manyan yanayi reserves, wanda ba ka damar mayar da na halitta ma'auni na ƙasa kuma don adana namun dajin na tundra ma'abũta.

Alal misali, akwai da wadannan muhalli abubuwa:

• Lapland National Park.
• Taimyr Reserve.
• "Wrangel Island" Jihar Reserve.
• Altai Reserve.

Wadanne ne abubuwan da musamman kare yanayin da tundra, mun bayyana a kasa.

Janar bayani game da Lapland Nature Reserve

Lapland kasa shakatawa - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci na halitta da shafukan a Turai. Yana yana da babbar yankuna na ruwan tekun Atlantika yanayi, inda dabbobi da tsuntsaye motsi da yardar kaina. An located a cikin karamin kauye na Murmansk yankin, kuma yana da total yanki na 278 435 kadada. Akwai fiye da 198 jinsunan tsuntsaye, game da 31 jinsin dabbobi da 370 jinsunan shuke-shuke.

Janar bayani game da Taimyr Reserve

A musamman kare yanayi da aka gyara aka jera tundra da Taimyr Reserve, halitta a watan Fabrairu 1979. An located a Krasnoyarsk Abuja a yankin na Taimyr Larabawa. Ga shi an samu zuwa 222 jinsunan mosses da lichen kamar 265 shuke-shuke, 116 jinsunan tsuntsaye, 15 jinsunan kifaye da kuma game da 21 jinsin dabbobi.

Janar bayani game da jihar ajiye "Wrangel Island"

"Wrangel Island" - a manyan da kyau ajiye tare da duka yanki na 2.225.650 ha, ciki har da ruwan yankin da kuma buffer zone. Akwai da yawa duwatsu da tuddai, mamaya game da 2/3 na kasarta. A karkashin kariya da ajiye aka located game da 641 jinsunan shuke-shuke, 169 jinsunan tsuntsaye da kuma wasu jinsunan dabbobi. Saboda haka, a nan bunƙasa Foxes da wolverines, beyar, weasels, Wolves, caribou kuma Musk shanu.

Janar bayani game da Altai Reserve

Wani abu ne da wani muhalli Altai Nature Reserve, located a cikin tsaunuka na kudancin Siberia. Ya aka miƙa a kan biyu kadada miliyan, wanda aka daidai duk girma 1500 shuka iri, da yawa daga wanda aka jera a matsayin miyagun. Ga rayuwa game da 70 jinsin, daga gare su, 29 ya kamãta da farauta.