Yadda ya yi da kamfas: asalin labarin taƙaice

Mene ne kamfas - kowane schoolchild sani. Ba tare da shi ba zai iya yi lissafi darussa, da jawo. Kafa na jawo kida da kowane dalibi fasaha kwaleji. Amma wanda ya? Ir? Ira wannan kayan aiki kamar yadda akwai wani kamfas? Da cewa shi fa, tã yi wata da'ira - wannan shi ne m daga Latin kalma circulus, daga abin da sunan kayan da aka. Lokacin da ya bayyana a cikin kamfas na bil'adama?

Myths da Tatsũniyõyi ne na Ancient Girka

Game da yadda akwai wani kamfas, a takaice jẽranta da Legends na zamanin tsohuwar Girka. Kowannen mu san labarin na Daedalus da ɗansa Icarus. Amma 'yan sun ji cewa kakana shi ma wani dan wa, Talos, ɗan' yar'uwarsa. Inventive gwaninta da ke cikin jini dan bar bayan mutuwarsa, biyu sanduna da alaka da juna da kuma iya yi mãkirci a cikin cikakken da'irar. Wannan shi ne na farko compasses.

Talos ƙirƙira da maginin tukwane dabaran, sa'ad da yake kawai shekaru 12 da haihuwa. Ya kuma nasa ne da halittar kuma da sawa: wannan ya feat kifi kwarangwal. Idan ba ga mutuwa na Talos a wani matasa shekaru, da yawa sani a gare mu da kayayyakin aiki, ko sunadaran da cewa zai yi ya bayyana da yawa a baya. Amma masana tarihi ce cewa kayan aiki ne ba kasa da 3 shekara dubu. Assuriyawa da Babilawa amfani da kamfas kuma mai mulki a cikin gine-gine, portraying da madaidaiciya Lines da kuma cikakken da'ira a haikalin, ganuwar gidaje, a kan jita-jita da kofuna. Musamman source, a labarin na yadda akwai wani kamfas, da labarin ba suna, amma ba tare da shi, ba shi yiwuwa su kusantar da cikakken da'irar ko uku shekara dubu da suka wuce, ba a yanzu.

archaeological Finds

Archaeologists a lokacin tono ne daban-daban hujjoji na zamanin d asalin kamfas. By karatu tsoho binne tudun, France, archaeologists samu wani baƙin ƙarfe kayan aiki, wanda ya ba kasa da 2 shekara dubu. Binne a karkashin toka na Greek birnin Pompey, shi ya ƙarfafa zamanin d kamfas: toka samu da yawa daga cikin wadannan kayan sanya na tagulla. Amma a Rasha akwai irin wannan binciken: a lokacin tono a Novgorod archeologists sun samu wani kamfas - karfe abun yanka. Ga abin da suka ga kayan aiki da Novgorod? A zamanin da a Rasha mu ne muka ƙaunaci alamu na dama da'ira, kuma suka yi amfani da su tare da wannan kayan aiki.

Game da yadda akwai wani kamfas, da labarin da ya asalin a cikin wadannan sassa - duk wannan shi ne ba a sani ba. Cinikayya da Rum da aka kafa Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Oleg: haka, zai bayyana a Rasha, da kuma sauran kayan aikin ban sha'awa. Ban sha'awa shi ne gaskiya cewa kayan aiki zane ya canza ba yawa. A cikin ƙarni, da yin amfani da compasses, kawai tips an kara ta da asali, wanda karfafa da kuma tsawo ya gubar kafa.

Yi da kuma gine

Zamani Tool ba ka damar kara da karkara har zuwa na 60 cm, tare da asali girma kamfas - 12 cm Waɗanda suka tsunduma a cikin zane, zane sosai dole kamfas :. gina wani baka, m da'irar wuya ba tare da shi. A zamanin d Ibada musamman, bayyananne cewa muddin akwai wata biyu da compasses, zane na gine-gine, domes yake cikakke. za ka iya ganin hoton da m hannu, ga abin da kayan aiki ne bayyane a kan facade na zamanin d Jojiyanci majami'u na Mtskheta.

Gine-ginen, injiniyoyi, magina - babban masu amfani da kayan aiki, ba tare da wanda ba zai iya gina wani abu. Kamfas da kuma square - mai jawo na'urar da cewa aiki zanen kaya. Ba tare da su, dã ba a halitta da wani arched tsarin, akwai gilashi a cikin majami'u na tsakiyar zamanai: a Notre Dame ko St. Vitus Cathedral - Prague.

A iri-iri na kayan aikin

Ta yaya kamfas, a takaice na duk tãtsũniyõyin da sabuwar dabara aka bayyana a sama. Kuma ya bayyana cewa, ta zane ya zauna canzawa. Amma ba wanda zai iya watsi da gaskiyar cewa akwai da yawa classic analog compasses. Suna nufin ba kawai ga jawo da'ira, amma kuma ga sauran dalilai. Alal misali, alama compasses: kawo tare da shi da mikakke markings. Ko calipers. Yana da ake bukata domin su iya zana da'ira haka kananan cewa diamita iya zama 2 mm. Idan kana bukatar wani zane sanya a tawada, da fensir zane alkalami za a iya sauƙi maye gurbinsu.

Caliper - don auna circumferences na daban-daban diameters. Don auna sikelin a kan taswira, za bukatar gwargwado raba kawuna. Cartographers, explorers, navigators - duk amfani da wannan musamman kayan aiki. Akwai kayan aiki da ake kira "kewayawa".

A amfani a magani

Tun zamanin da, ta yaya kẽwayẽwa da shi ya ba halartar muhimman canje-canje, amma da ikon yinsa ya kumbura da yawa. Medicine - wani kimiyya wanda yana amfani da daban-daban na kayan aikin. Akwai kauri kamfas: shi ne mai manyan da kananan. Kuma sunã bautã wa zuwa mataki a jiki da kuma mutum shugaban, ta gangara girma. Amfani da caliper aka auna kauri daga subcutaneous mai adibas. Very sau da yawa shi ne a yi amfani da obstetric yi: da auna darajar da kafafuwa na mata masu juna biyu. Weber ta kamfas - shi ne wani kayan aiki psychophysiologists: su auna dokin ji na ƙwarai adam fata.

Ilmin taurari da kuma m amfani

A kan mu sama akwai wani ƙungiyar taurari, da ake kira "kamfas". An ayi a kudancin yammancin duniya, sosai a kusa da ƙungiyar taurari α-Centauri. Yana da matukar kananan. Ba shi yiwuwa tsaro a ƙasar Rasha. Greek majiɓinci, na ilmin taurari - allahiya Urania, yana da wata alama nadi na wani duniya da kuma a kamfas.

Tun daga nan, kamar yadda akwai wani kamfas, ya zama wata alama ce da adalci. Kamar square, a da'irar ne a waje madaidaiciya Lines. By kanta, da adadi na da'irar da wani dot a cibiyar - shi da adalci, da kuma tushen rai. Sananne ga duk bricklayers da magina, ya kãma alama biyu muhimmanci aikin injiniya kayan aiki - square da compasses, aligning su images. Su alamar ƙasa da sammai, kuma a cikin cibiyar - harafin «G»: lissafi ko Koli kasancewarka.

The Sin amfani da kamfas icon alama da ke nuna su daidai hali. Sin sarki fo-hi, wanda aka daukarsa m, amfani a cikin halayen da kamfas, da 'yar'uwarsa - square. Tare, suna wakiltar "yin" da "yang": jituwa rayuwa.

Tun zamanin da square wata alama ce da jiki jiki da kuma cikin da'irar - ruhaniya jihar. Saboda haka, cikin da'irar kayyade tare da taimakon wani kamfas - shi ne wata alama ce kamalar da mutum rai.