Harshen furotin

Sunadaran da ake kira nitrogenous macromolecular kwayoyin abubuwa. An gina su ne daga amino acid. Wadannan sunadarai sun cika ayyuka masu mahimmanci a cikin aiki mai mahimmanci da tsarin kwayoyin, kasancewa muhimmiyar mahimmanci. Saboda wadannan kwayoyin mahadi ne metabolism, makamashi hira.

Dangane da girman girman kwayoyin halitta, ƙwarewar tsarin, da kuma rashin bayani game da tsarin tsari na yawancin abubuwa, ba'a kafa tsarin kirkirar sunadarai ba. Tsarin rarraba na yanzu yana da mahimmanci. A cikin gine-ginensa, sunadaran sunadaran jiki da sunadarai sunadaran sunadarai, samfurin samar da su, aikin nazarin halittu da sauransu, sau da yawa bazuwar, alamu ana dauka a matsayin tushen.

Sabili da haka, globular da fibrillar, hydrophobic (insoluble) da kuma abubuwan hydrophilic (mai soluble) sun ware. Wannan rabuwa ya dangana ne akan kayan aikin physicochemical na mahadi. Dangane da tushen da ya zama ruwan dare sunadarai na juyayi nama, magani, tsoka, da sauransu. Haka kuma akwai kwayoyin, kwayoyin dabbobi da kayan lambu. A daidai da nazarin halittu aiki na ruwan dare -hormones sunadarai, enzymes, sunadarai, contractile da kuma tsarin sunadarai, antibodies, da sauransu. Ya kamata a lura cewa akwai wasu mahaɗar da ba za a iya sanyawa ga kowane ɗayan kungiyoyinsu ba. Wannan shi ne saboda ajizanci na tsarin tsaftacewa da kuma bambancin bambancin sunadaran kansu.

Shin raba fili a cikin hadaddun (proteid) da kuma sauki (proteins). Sauran sunadaran ne kawai amintattun amino acid. Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta, banda ganyayyakin amino acid, sun ƙunshi haɓakaccen abin ƙyama.

A cikin kowane tantanin halitta akwai dubban kwayoyin halitta. Dangane da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin rayuwar jiki waɗannan abubuwa sun lalace nan da nan ko daga bisani, tantanin halitta dole ne a ci gaba da ci gaba da gina jiki don sake mayar da kayan jikinta, membranes da sauran kayan. Tare da wannan, yawancin kwayoyin halitta suna gudanar da samin kwayoyin halitta don dukan kwayoyin halitta. Irin wannan "samarwa" yana shiga, alal misali, kwayoyin halitta a cikin ɓoye na ɓoye na ciki, haifar da hormones. Anan kira na gina jiki shine mafi tsanani.

Samar da mahadi yana buƙatar kudade mai yawa. Wata majiya wadda ba wai kawai haɗin gina jiki ba, amma dukkanin tafiyar da salula, ita ce ATP.

Ya kamata a lura cewa ayyuka da ayyuka na mahadi sun kafa bisa ga tsarin su na farko - jerin amino acid a cikin kwayoyin. Bayanai masu asali akan tsarin gina jiki na farko sun ƙunshi sashin nucleotide na kwayar DNA. Wannan rabo Deoxyribonucleic acid, wanda yana dauke da bayanai game da amino acid jerin wani fili da ake kira gene.

Amfanin gina jiki ya auku ne a kan ribosomes, a cikin cell cytoplasm. A cikin cytoplasm daga tsakiya, bayani game da tsarin gidan ya zo ne a matsayin i-RNA (RNA bayanai). Don aiwatar da kira na kwayar i-RNA, "ɓoye" (rashawa) na shafin DNA ya faru. A m tsari faruwa a ranar da manufa na complementarity. Tare da taimakon enzymes a kan daya daga cikin sarƙoƙi na DNA, ana kiran jerin kwayoyin RNA.

Tsarin cytoplasm dole ne ya ƙunshi wasu sassan amino acid. Dole ne don haɗin gina jiki. Samun wadannan amino acid ne saboda raunin abinci na kwayoyin abinci. Bugu da ƙari, amino acid zai iya zuwa shafin yanar gizon kira (a cikin ribosome), ya haɗa zuwa RNA (t-RNA) na musamman.